Essays In Development And Health Economics
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Essays On Development And Health Economics
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Author : Jianan Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Essays On Development And Health Economics written by Jianan Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This dissertation is a collection of three essays on development and health economics. In the first essay, we studied two interventions that provide patients with information on antibiotic resistance through text messages in Beijing, China. The "self-health" intervention emphasizes the threat to one's own health and is found to have negligible effects. In contrast, the "social-health" intervention highlighting the threat to society reduces antibiotic purchases by 17% without discouraging healthcare visits and other medicine purchases. Survey evidence suggests the perceived severity being a potential explanation. The messages were sent once every month for five months, and a gradual decrease in the effect size is observed over time. The second essay evaluated the affordability and overuse trade-off in pharmaceutical pricing by studying a drug procurement program in China, which brought down the prices of 10 chronic condition drugs by an average of 78%. Using a difference-in-differences design with a set of comparable drugs as controls, we find that this improvement in affordability led to a significant increase in demand by uninsured patients, whose purchases of treated drugs increased by 28.4% more than the insured. This demand response came both from new and existing medication takers. Drug adherence was improved for the uninsured who had poorer adherence at baseline but overuse was not affected. The third essay proposes two experiments related to low disease awareness, treatment take-up, and adherence in developing countries. Because of lacking access to primary care services, chronic condition awareness in developing countries is usually low. The first experiment proposes to provide people in low-income areas with physical exams and health reports to examine whether raising disease awareness could increase control. The second experiment proposes to provide patients with information on the expected benefit from treatment including the expected reduction in risk if their condition is under control, and the cost of a major health event. This experiment is designed to test the hypothesis that misperception of treatment benefits is one of the underlying causes for low take-up and adherence rates conditional on disease awareness in developing countries.
Essays In Development And Health Economics
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Author : Sudeshna Maitra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Essays In Development And Health Economics written by Sudeshna Maitra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Essays In Development And Health Economics
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Author : Carlos Bozzoli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Essays In Development And Health Economics written by Carlos Bozzoli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays in applied economics. They address two main topics: (1) the consequences of orphanhood on labor market and fertility outcomes of young adults, and (2) the childhood determinants of adult height in populations.
Essays In Development And Health Economics
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Author : Heather Schofield
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays In Development And Health Economics written by Heather Schofield and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
In this collection of essays I study individuals' health related decision-making and the consequences of those decisions for health and labor market productivity.
Essays On Development And Health Economics Social Media And Education Policy
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Author : Qin Jiang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays On Development And Health Economics Social Media And Education Policy written by Qin Jiang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays on development economics and health economics. The first chapter examines the impact of social media usage on depressive symptoms in the United States. The use of social media can potentially decrease the level of depressive symptoms by providing support or increase the level of depressive symptoms by putting social pressure on users. This chapter leverages a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of using social media platforms on depressive symptoms. I find that using Twitter decreases the level of depressive symptoms by 27%. This result explains why social media usage in the US has grown steadily even though most studies found that more usage correlated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. There is heterogeneity with respect to age, income, education, race, previous level of depressive symptoms, and region. The average labor market benefit that comes from this effect is equivalent to 0.1% GDP in the US.In the second chapter, I examine the performances of different bias correction methods, such as matching and weighting methods, on improving the representativeness of social media data. I find that matching and weighting methods can effectively improve the representativeness of social media users in most cases examined. Matching methods with smaller number of neighbors or smaller radius produce smaller biases. Improving the representativeness of Twitter users is easier than improving the representativeness of Facebook users.The third chapter is a collaboration with Yinan Liu, in which we study the impact of the primary school starting age policy in China on both short-run and long-run outcomes. We examine the household characteristics of the right age group, early group, and late group based on the compliance. Starting school late is negatively associated with cognitive skills, test scores, highest education achieved and income. We also explore the potential explanations why a large proportion of households send children to primary school before they reach the eligible age in China.
Essays In Development And Health Economics
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Author : Lisa Bogler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Essays In Development And Health Economics written by Lisa Bogler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
This dissertation consists of four essays, which are all based on primary data. In the first essay, we describe and attempt to explain the state and functionality of pre-schools (Anganwadi Centres) in Bihar, India. We find an overall very low level of functionality and considerable heterogeneity. The second essay is based in the same setting as the first. We introduced a new method of iron supplementation to a sub-set of functional Anganwadi Centres and evaluated this intervention with a randomized controlled trial with two treatment arms. We measure the success of the intervention with sev...
Essays On Health Economics And Development Policies
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Author : Henrique Veras De Paiva Fonseca
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Essays On Health Economics And Development Policies written by Henrique Veras De Paiva Fonseca and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Addressing Barriers To Human Capital Accumulation Essays In Development And Health Economics
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Author : Sophie Ochmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Addressing Barriers To Human Capital Accumulation Essays In Development And Health Economics written by Sophie Ochmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
While health and education, jointly referred to as human capital, are important ends in themselves, they are also important drivers of poverty alleviation and economic growth. Understanding and overcoming the barriers that constrain human capital accumulation is hence crucial for economic development. This dissertation examines three barriers to human capital accumulation in three essays. Essay one studies whether providing school-based management committees with a grant and training can improve primary educational attainment in Sokoto, Nigeria. We thereby contribute evidence from an unders...
Health Economic Development And Household Poverty
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Author : Sara Bennett
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2007-09-12
Health Economic Development And Household Poverty written by Sara Bennett and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Accessible and edited by authors based at a top institution, this book provides readers with an excellent summary in an easy-to-read style of this burgeoning field of research. In this volume Bennett, Gilson and Mills have gathered together essays written by academics and experts in the fields of health policy and economic development, each underscoring the need for political commitment to meet the needs of the poor and the development of strategies to build this commitment, covering: evidence regarding the links between health, economic development and household poverty evidence on the extent to which health care systems address the needs of the poor and the near poor innovative measures to make health care interventions widely available to the poor. Current and topical, this book is of great relevance to policy makers and practitioners in the field of international health and development and researchers engaged with global health and poverty as well as being ideal reading for students of international health and development.
Three Essays In Development And Health Economics
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Author : Shamma Adeeb Alam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Three Essays In Development And Health Economics written by Shamma Adeeb Alam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This dissertation is on three essays on issues in development and health economics. In these essays, I try to examine how different health issues affect economic outcomes and vice versa. I examine individual and household responses to different economic and health issues in Bangladesh and Tanzania. In the first two chapters, I examine how different shocks affect family's fertility decisions and decision to make investments on their children in Tanzania. In the third chapter, I examine how information regarding dangers of pesticide affects the likelihood of pesticide exposure for farmers in Bangladesh. In the first chapter, I examine how parental illness affects child labor and schooling outcomes using panel data from Tanzania. Prior literature provides limited empirical evidence on the impact of parental illness on child labor and schooling outcomes. I examine if parental illness causes households to reallocate children's time from school to work. I find that a father's illness hinders child schooling by decreasing attendance and hours spent in school. These effects on schooling are substantially greater for severe illnesses. There is also evidence that a father's illness has long-term impact on child education, as it decreases their likelihood of completing primary school and leads to fewer total years of schooling. However, a father's illness has no effect on child labor. In contrast, a mother's illness does not affect child education, but does cause a small increase in children's work. Surprisingly, parental illness does not have a differential impact by children's gender. Additionally, illness of other household members, such as grandparents, adult siblings, and child siblings, has no effect on children's schooling. Thus, overall, there is no evidence that parental illness or illness of other household members affects children's schooling through increased child labor. Instead, the results suggest that only illness of fathers, who are typically the primary income earners in Tanzanian households, reduces household income and severely decreases the family's ability to afford child education. In the second chapter, which is a joint work with Claus Portner, we examine the relationship between household income shocks and fertility decisions. Using panel data from Tanzania, we estimate the impact of agricultural shocks on contraception use, pregnancy, and the likelihood of childbirth. To account for unobserved household characteristics that potentially affect both shocks and fertility decisions we employ a fixed effects model. Households significantly increase their contraception use in response to income shocks from crop loss. Furthermore, pregnancies and childbirth are significantly delayed for households experiencing a crop shock. We argue that these changes in behavior are the result of deliberate decisions of the households rather than income shocks' effects on other factors that in influence fertility, such as women's health status, the absence or migration of spouse, and dissolution of partnerships. In the third chapter, which is a joint work with Hendrik Wolff, we examine how different information sources influence precautionary behavior when using pesticide and likelihood of pesticide exposure. Modern agriculture heavily depends on the use of pesticides and has successfully increased productivity, but also led to increasing concerns regarding farmers' health. Mishandling of pesticides continues to pose a serious health problem for farmers especially in developing countries. This chapter describes supply side and demand side regulations for pesticide handling, health outcomes and adoption of health technologies using a detailed household level dataset from Bangladesh. The dataset is unique as it spans the chain from: `where do farmers obtain information from', `which precautionary tools (i.e. masks, gloves) are used' and `what are subsequent health outcomes after spraying'. Previous studies hypothesized that pesticide sellers in developing countries misguide farmers regarding pesticide use. On the other hand, government field extension workers reduce pesticide exposure by training farmers in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques. In our dataset we cannot confirm these hypotheses. In contrast, we find that those famers that use information from pesticide sellers increase the adoption of precautionary tools. These same farmers also enjoy subsequently improved health outcomes. Further, our results show that the agricultural extension program does not significantly impact technology adoption or health. We find instead evidence of social learning as peer farmers, especially those trained in handling pesticides, have a substantial influence. We conclude with policy recommendations.