Essays On Air Cargo Cost Structures Airport Traffic And Airport Delays
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Essays On Air Cargo Cost Structures Airport Traffic And Airport Delays
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Author : Paulos Ashebir Lakew
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On Air Cargo Cost Structures Airport Traffic And Airport Delays written by Paulos Ashebir Lakew and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The present thesis is comprised of four essays that address important gaps in passenger- and cargo-airline research. Seminal studies in airline economics that rely on cross-section methods make critical homogeneity assumptions and preclude time-specific effects. The essays in this thesis use panel data, which allow for certain assumptions made by cross-sectional studies to be relaxed, while shedding light on the intertemporal features of air transport. The first chapter investigates the cost structure of air cargo carriers by applying a total cost model used in passenger-airline studies. Using quarterly panel data (2003-2011) on the domestic operations and costs of FedEx Express and UPS Airlines, empirical results indicate that the air cargo industry exhibits increasing returns to traffic density and constant returns to scale. Accounting for carrier-specific differences in cost structure and network size, FedEx is found to be more cost efficient than UPS (a finding that is reversed when network size is not controlled). Individually, UPS exhibits substantial economies of density and constant returns to scale while FedEx's cost structure is characterized by weak economies of density and constant returns to scale. Both carriers exhibit economies of size. The next three chapters embody papers that use quarterly panel data of city-level air traffic, airline delay, and socioeconomic variables. Spanning 10 years (2003-2012), the panel structure of the data permits the use of fixed effects to control for city-specific heterogeneity. The second chapter presents a paper prepared for the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP). The study demonstrates the within-city traffic impacts of urban size, employment composition, and wages, providing new insights into the determinants of passenger and air cargo traffic. The essay also confirms that airport traffic is proportional to population, and that service-sector employment and higher wages induce passenger travel and goods movement. A city's share of manufacturing employment, however, only impacts air cargo traffic. Passenger enplanements exhibit more sensitivity to the proportion of urban workers providing non-tradable services, compared to the share of workers in tradable service jobs. The third chapter, co-authored with Andre Tok, examines the determinants of air cargo traffic in California. The study uses a shorter 7-year panel (2003-2009), and shows that service and manufacturing employment impact the volume of outbound air cargo. Total (domestic) air cargo traffic is found to grow faster than (proportionally to) population, while wages play a significant role in determining both total and domestic air cargo movement. Metro-level air cargo tonnage are also forecasted for the years 2010-2040, indicating that California's total (domestic) air cargo traffic will increase at an average rate of 5.9 percent (4.4 percent) per year in that period. The final chapter is co-authored with Volodymyr Bilotkach, and it provides the first evidence on the impact of airline delays on urban-sectoral employment. Controlling for unobserved city-specific differences, the empirical estimates of the effects of air traffic on total employment are comparable to previously reported measures. However, service-sector employment is found to be less sensitive to air traffic than other studies suggested. New evidence confirming that delays have a negative impact on employment is also provided, a finding that is robust to various model specifications.
The Sustainability Of Air Transportation
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Author : Milan Janic
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-02
The Sustainability Of Air Transportation written by Milan Janic and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with Transportation categories.
This book presents, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the sustainability of the contemporary civil air transport system, examining its three main components: airports, air traffic control, and airlines. It offers an in-depth examination and quantitative insight into the system's current and prospective structure and operations, as well as the related effects and impacts. The sustainability of the air transport system is considered along a global trajectory of growing effects and diminishing and/or stagnating impacts on society and environment under conditions of continuous growth. In doing so, the author examines the situations of users of the system (passengers and freight shippers), air transport operators (airports, air traffic control and airlines), aerospace manufacturers, local and national communities, policymakers and the general public. The book possesses the unique and distinctive feature of providing an analysis and assessment of the air transport system's sustainability through elaboration of its technical/technological, operational, economic, social, environmental and institutional performances and their causality. It is written for advanced graduate and post-graduate students, researchers, planners, stakeholders, and policymakers dealing with the various sustainability issues of the contemporary air transport system.
Minimizing The Pain In Air Transportation
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Author : Bengi Manley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Minimizing The Pain In Air Transportation written by Bengi Manley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Airports categories.
The air transportation system is a significant "engine" of the U.S. economy providing rapid, safe, secure, affordable transportation over large geographic distances. Growth in passenger and cargo transportation demand (i.e. flights) in excess of the growth in air transportation capacity (i.e. runways, airspace sectors) has resulted in massive systemic delays. These delays are estimated in 2007 to have cost passengers up to $12 billion, and to have cost the airlines $19 billion in excess direct operating costs. With the current trend in rising fuel prices, the economic impact of these delays is expected to strain the U.S. economy even more. These delays also contribute to local air and water quality issues and to global climate change. Systematic solutions to address the imbalance between scheduled demand and forecast capacity include: (1) increasing capacity through the construction of new airports and additional runways at existing airports, (2) better utilization of existing capacity by increasing throughput productivity through advanced satellite-based navigation and 4-D trajectory planning, (3) demand management through administrative measures (such as the High Density Rule) and market-based mechanisms (such as congestion pricing and auctions of airport and airspace slots). Solutions 1 and 2 are capital intensive and require decades of planning and development. Solution 3 can be implemented rapidly but faces strong political opposition. In the absence of scheduling flights within the constraints of the capacity, flights arriving at an airport in excess of the airport arrival capacity are delayed until an arrival slot is available. Traditionally, flights that needed to be delayed were required to fly "holding patterns" above the airport until an arrival slot became available. To avoid these foreseen airborne holding delays, and to increase safety, the U.S. Air Traffic Control system runs a Ground Delay Program (GDP). The GDP holds the flights on the ground at their origin airports, allowing them to depart only when arrival slots will be available at the time the °ight is estimated to arrive at the constrained destination airport. Although the GDP was originally designed to manage reductions in capacity due to weather, over the last decade the GDP is routinely used to manage systemically over-scheduled arrivals. The GDP rations the available airport arrival capacity based on scheduled arrival times of flights (i.e. first-scheduled, first served). Special care is taken to equitably distribute delays between airlines. The Ration-by-Schedule approach is "airline flight-centric" and does not explicitly take into account passenger trip delays, fuel flow efficiency, and emissions. Previous research evaluated alternate rationing rules using airline-flight centric metrics. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of alternative GDP rationing rules on the performance and equity to airlines and passengers. The hypothesis is that alternate GDP rationing rules can maximize the mutual interests of both airlines and passengers. This dissertation describes the GDP Rationing Rule Simulator (GDP-RRS) that was developed to evaluate alternate rationing rules. The dissertation also describes the results of three experiments conducted for flights affected by GDPs in 2007 for arrivals at the three New York Metroplex airports (Newark Liberty (EWR), LaGuardia (LGA) and John F. Kennedy (JFK) airports). The first experiment compared the performance and equity of five alternate rationing rules to the Ration-by-Schedule rationing rule. The second experiment evaluated the impact of substitution strategies in the GDP rationing rules. The third experiment investigated the impact of GDP scope on performance and equity for airlines and passengers. The major findings of the research are: It is not possible to maximize the mutual interests of airlines and passengers. There exists a tradeoff between GDP performance and equity (see below). When only performance is considered (and equity for both airlines and passengers are ignored), the best rationing rule is Ration-by-Passengers. This rule maximizes passenger throughput. Passengers experience a reduction in passenger delays of 23% at EWR, 20% at LGA, 15% at JFK relative to the Ration-by-Schedule rule. Airlines experience savings of 57% fuel burn at EWR, 63% at LGA, 42% at JFK relative to the Ration-by-Schedule rule. When only equity due to flight and passenger delays are considered (and performance of both airlines and passengers are ignored), the rule that provides the best equity is Ration-by-Schedule. When performance and equity of flight delays for airlines are considered (and performance and equity for passengers are ignored), the rules that provide the best performance differs by airport: Ration-by-Passengers at EWR, Ration-by-Aircraft Size at LGA, and Ration-by-Distance at JFK. When performance and equity for passengers are considered (and performance and equity for airlines are ignored), the rules that provide the best performance differ by airport: Ration-by-Distance at EWR and LGA and Ration-by-Passengers or Ration- by-Fuel Flow High Precedence at JFK. When performance and equity for both airlines and passengers are considered, the rules that provide the best performance and equity differs by airport: Ration-by- Distance at EWR, Ration-by-Aircraft Size at LGA, and Ration-by-Passengers at JFK. Airline equity is determined by the flight schedule (i.e. position of flights throughout the day) and the aircraft type (i.e. fleet mix). Passenger equity is determined by the flight cancellations. Airlines with a small number of operations and airports with a small number of enplanements, experience disproportional performance and equity penalties. Airline substitution strategies do not change the relative performance and equity of the alternate rationing rules. Changes in GDP scopes do not change the relative performance and equity of the alternate rationing rules. Scope is the distance range of the GDP. The selection of the GDP rationing rule requires the unambiguous definition of the National Air Transportation System objectives (and the weights for the performance and equity). The relative weighting of objectives is a social and political activity. The application of alternate GDP rationing rules has broader implications. GDP rationing rules create priority queues which give preference to the compliant flights. As a consequence the rationing rules incentivize airline behavior related to scheduling and fleet mix. For example, the Ration-by-Passengers rule could, in the long-run, result in the migration of airline fleets to larger sized aircraft that would increase the passenger flow capacity. This would improve the efficiency of the air transportation system. This incentive would result in an increase in aircraft size, which would lead to reduced frequency, which would yield lower delays
Modelling And Managing Airport Performance
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Author : Konstantinos Zografos
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Modelling And Managing Airport Performance written by Konstantinos Zografos and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Modelling and Managing Airport Performance provides an integrated view of state-of-the-art research on measuring and improving the performance of airport systems with consideration of both airside and landside operations. The considered facets of performance include capacity, delays, economic costs, noise, emissions and safety. Several of the contributions also examine policies for managing congestion and allocating sparse capacity, as well as for mitigating the externalities of noise, emissions, and safety/risk. Key features: Provides a global perspective with contributing authors from Europe, North and South America with backgrounds in academia, research institutions, government, and industry Contributes to the definition, interpretation, and shared understanding of airport performance measures and related concepts Considers a broad range of measures that quantify operational and environmental performance, as well as safety and risk Discusses concepts and strategies for dealing with the management of airport performance Presents state-of-the-art modelling capabilities and identifies future modelling needs Themed around 3 sections – Modelling Airport Performance, Assessing Airport Impacts, and Managing Airport Performance and Congestion Modelling and Managing Airport Performance is a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the global air transportation community.
Joint Dot Nasa Civil Aviation Research And Development Policy Study Supporting Papers
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Author : United States. Department of Transportation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Joint Dot Nasa Civil Aviation Research And Development Policy Study Supporting Papers written by United States. Department of Transportation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Aeronautics, Commercial categories.
Handbook On Transport Pricing And Financing
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Author : Alejandro Tirachini
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2023-05-09
Handbook On Transport Pricing And Financing written by Alejandro Tirachini and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Taking a comprehensive approach to two central, closely intertwined themes in the field of transport economics, this illuminating Handbook recognizes the critical socioeconomic importance of transport pricing and financing.
The Future Of Aviation A Compilation Of Papers A Supplement
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Aviation and Transportation R. & D.
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
The Future Of Aviation A Compilation Of Papers A Supplement written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Aviation and Transportation R. & D. and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Aeronautics categories.
The Economics Of Airport Operations
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Author : James Peoples
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2017-10-03
The Economics Of Airport Operations written by James Peoples and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-03 with Transportation categories.
This volume examines the role that airports play in economic development and land values, the regulation and economic efficiency of airports, airport pricing and competition, and the role played by airports in influencing airline operations and networks.
Airport Capacity Constraints And Strategies For Mitigation A Global Perspective
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Author : Marc Gelhausen
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-09-15
Airport Capacity Constraints And Strategies For Mitigation A Global Perspective written by Marc Gelhausen and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-15 with Social Science categories.
Capacities, Capacity Constraints and Capacity Reserves of Airports, Today and in the Future analyzes airport capacity constraints with empirical methods that forecast future capacities and their capacity shortfalls. When predicting the future of air traffic development, it is imperative for researchers and planners to possess the most accurate data for airport capacity constraints. The book discusses in detail the importance of airport capacity constraints on air traffic development, especially for international hubs, along with mitigation strategies for already packed airports. The book analyzes cross-sectional time-series data to provide greater insight into the problems of airport crowding and over-capacity. The authors go beyond mere strategies to derive capacity, adding estimates for comparable capacities and capacity constraints of airports worldwide. As expanding current airports becomes increasingly difficult, and time consuming-especially for hub-the study of current and future airport capacity constraints becomes ever more needed. Large international airports are especially essential to the global air transport network. The book provides insight into correctly assessing and quantifying the problem of limited airport capacity, while offering strategies for overcoming these issues for a healthy global air traffic network. Focuses on airport capacity constraints in the global air traffic network and their implications for the future of air traffic development Features empirical and model-based approaches that forecast airport capacities and capacity shortcomings Provides over capacity mitigation strategies based on sound and reliable data and methodology Addresses capacity constraints at hub airports, providing insight into correctly assessing and quantifying limited capacity for these important players in the global air transportation network Applies econometric models for the implication of restraining factors on the future volume and structure of air traffic
The Analysis And Evaluation Of Public Expenditures The Ppb System
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
The Analysis And Evaluation Of Public Expenditures The Ppb System written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Program budgeting categories.