Essays On Consumption Risk Sharing In Emerging Economies
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Essays On Consumption Risk Sharing In Emerging Economies
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Author : Samreen Malik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Essays On Consumption Risk Sharing In Emerging Economies written by Samreen Malik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This dissertation contributes to the growing literature of international finance on capital market integration and consumption risk sharing in emerging economies. I identify threshold effects in terms of financial market integration to demarcate regimes with varying extent of international risk sharing in emerging economies. In Chapter 2, I study a model of a small open economy to see how default decisions affect incentives for international consumption risk-sharing based on varying levels of debt to capital ratio in emerging economies while in Chapter 3, I employ a novel endogenous threshold identification method developed by Hansen (1999) for balanced panels, to empirically identify threshold effects of capital market integration on consumption risk-sharing in emerging economies. Finally in Chapter 4, I study the determinants of the capital market integration via level and composition of foreign assets held by emerging economies, exploiting temporal and cross-sectional variation in a panel data set of 37 emerging economies from 1970 - 2007.
Essays On International Risk Sharing And Consumption Fluctuations In Developing Countries
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Author : Masahiro Kodama
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Essays On International Risk Sharing And Consumption Fluctuations In Developing Countries written by Masahiro Kodama and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Three Essays On Financial Development Consumption Risk Sharing And New Keynesian Price Setting Model
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Author : Wai-Yip Alex Ho
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On Financial Development Consumption Risk Sharing And New Keynesian Price Setting Model written by Wai-Yip Alex Ho and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Abstract: The first chapter investigates the effects of inflation, accessibility and depth of credit markets on wealth distribution. We find that from 1995 to 2002 in China, the inequality of wealth distribution decreased, the money-wealth ratio increased for all wealth levels and the aggregate money-output ratio increased. We develop a two-asset dynamic general equilibrium model in which households face a portfolio-adjustment cost and a borrowing constraint. The accessibility and depth are measured by the portfolio-adjustment cost and the borrowing constraint, respectively. Model calibration based on the Chinese data shows that the portfolio-adjustment cost was reduced and the borrowing constraint was relaxed from 1995 to 2002. We find that financial development lowers the inequality of wealth distribution by reducing the precautionary motive of households. In addition, tight monetary policy increases the value of money and, in turn, raises the money-wealth ratio for all wealth levels and the aggregate money-output ratio. The second chapter examines inter-provincial consumption risk sharing and intertemporal consumption smoothing across Chinese provinces before and after the 1979 economic reform. Our results indicate that the degree of consumption risk sharing among Chinese provinces is lower than that within the U.S. and across the national boundaries of OECD countries. On the other hand, the level of consumption smoothing among Chinese provinces is higher than that across OECD or EU countries, but lower than that in the U.S. Moreover, our results show that consumption risk sharing and smoothing in China have deteriorated since the 1979 economic reform. Finally, we show that eliminating consumption fluctuations yields substantial welfare gains, which suggests that stabilization policies are desirable for China. The third chapter compares continuous and discrete time sticky price models. For given menu costs, continuous time models imply shorter average contracts but larger real effects of inflation.
Cross Country Consumption Risk Sharing A Long Run Perspective
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Author : Mr.Zhaogang Qiao
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-03-01
Cross Country Consumption Risk Sharing A Long Run Perspective written by Mr.Zhaogang Qiao and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper estimates an empirical nonstationary panel regression model that tests long-run consumption risk sharing across a sample of OECD and emerging market (EM) countries. This is in contrast to the existing literature on consumption risk sharing, which is mainly about risks at business cycle frequency. Since our methodology focuses on identifying cointegrating relationships while allowing for arbitrary short-run dynamics, we can obtain a consistent estimate of long-run risk sharing while disregarding any short-run nuisance factors. Our results show that long-run risk sharing in OECD countries increased more than that in EM countries during the past two decades.
How Does Financial Globalization Affect Risk Sharing Patterns And Channels
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Author : M. Ayhan Kose
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2007-10
How Does Financial Globalization Affect Risk Sharing Patterns And Channels written by M. Ayhan Kose and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10 with Business & Economics categories.
In theory, one of the main benefits of financial globalization is that it should allow for more efficient international risk sharing. This paper provides a comprehensive empirical evaluation of the patterns of risk sharing among different groups of countries and examines how international financial integration has affected the evolution of these patterns. Using a variety of empirical techniques, we conclude that there is at best a modest degree of international risk sharing, and certainly nowhere near the levels predicted by theory. In addition, only industrial countries have attained better risk sharing outcomes during the recent period of globalization. Developing countries have, by and large, been shut out of this benefit. The most interesting result is that even emerging market economies, which have experienced large increases in cross-border capital flows, have seen little change in their ability to share risk. We find that the composition of flows may help explain why emerging markets have not been able to realize this presumed benefit of financial globalization. In particular, our results suggest that portfolio debt, which has dominated the external liability stocks of most emerging markets until recently, is not conducive to risk sharing.
Essays On Consumption Smoothing And Risk Sharing
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Author : Yingchun Liu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Essays On Consumption Smoothing And Risk Sharing written by Yingchun Liu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Essays On Risk Sharing In Economies With Limited Commitment
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Author : Hanno Lustig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Essays On Risk Sharing In Economies With Limited Commitment written by Hanno Lustig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Essays On Risk Sharing And Development
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Author : Patrick Hoang-Vu Eozenou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Essays On Risk Sharing And Development written by Patrick Hoang-Vu Eozenou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Development economics categories.
Two Essays In International Economics Evidence Of Consumpton Risk Sharing In Japan And Determinants Of United States And Japanese Fdi In China
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Author : Hitomi Iizaka
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Two Essays In International Economics Evidence Of Consumpton Risk Sharing In Japan And Determinants Of United States And Japanese Fdi In China written by Hitomi Iizaka and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
The objective of the first chapter is to investigate the degree of consumption risk-sharing within Japan, and to evaluate various explanations for the level of intra-national risk-sharing that are not previously examined. I find the evidence of much larger degree of consumption risk sharing within Japan than that between countries. The model is extended to include the assumptions of (a) non-separability in the utility function between consumption and leisure, (b) the prefecture specific effects, and (c) the disaggregated consumption. Once the prefecture specific effects are controlled for, the income effect on consumption is further reduced. I next investigate the amount of risk sharing within various subgroups of Japanese prefectures. Interestingly, I find that the subgroup of rich or fast growing prefectures is the most vulnerable to the idiosyncratic income effects. Furthermore, when the analysis is applied to the subgroup of geographically close regions, the strong evidence for full consumption risk sharing is detected for some regions. The second chapter examines the determinants of FDI from U.S. and Japan in China using the provincial data set from 1991 to 1997. The results of the regression analyses are further compared to those of the aggregated FDI as a benchmark case. The study found various similarities and differences in the importance and the magnitudes of the determinants of FDI among three FDI sources. It is shown that both absolute level of GDP and the lagged GDP significantly affects inflow of FDI from all sources. The hypothesis that the good quality of infrastructure is conductive to attract FDI is strongly supported for all FDI sources, although the magnitude of the impact of the variable varies. The policy variables are also found to have significant positive effects on FDL The labor quality exerts larger influence on Japanese FDI than on U.S. FDI, which may reflect the different structure for coordinating activities between U.S. and Japanese firms. The results for the wage variables are inconclusive. The study also shows the marginal support for the positive effect of cultural proximity between Japanese FDI and the provinces of Manchuria.
Three Essays In International Macroeconomics
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Author : Adam Hubert Gulan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays In International Macroeconomics written by Adam Hubert Gulan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Macroeconomics categories.
This dissertation consists of three separate essays in the field of international macroeconomics. The objective of the first and third chapters is to add to the understanding of some of the aspects of international business cycle fluctuations, both of developed economies, as well as developing ones. The second chapter sheds some new light on the behavior of current account positions in advanced economies. In the first chapter, I revisit the consumption correlation as well as the Backus--Smith puzzles by inspecting the role of financial markets. Relative to the existing literature, I introduce explicit international trade in stocks and bonds in an otherwise standard model of international business cycles. The results show that markets with symmetric trade in stocks allow for a high degree of risk sharing and closely mimic the Arrow--Debreu economy despite being formally incomplete. Risk sharing decreases in asymmetric stock and nominal bond markets, but is still higher than in a single commodity bond economy. The results, therefore, cast doubt on the explanation of the two puzzles based on highly restricted asset trade and large degree of market incompleteness. I also provide empirical evidence that output net of investment and government spending tends to be less correlated across countries than consumption, much less than output itself. This constitutes a new form of the consumption correlation puzzle. The puzzle can be accounted for in the presence of high home bias and low elasticities of substitution between domestic and foreign baskets. In the second chapter, I apply the weak axiom of revealed preference theory (WARP) in the context of a 2-period model of the current account. According to this argument, certain changes in current account positions should be precluded. In particular, a country which initially ran a current account deficit, should remain in deficit after the exogenously given interest rate drops. Similarly, a country running a surplus should remain a lender if the interest rate goes up. The argument holds for both an endowment economy as well as for a model with production. To check whether the changes in CA positions are in line with WARP I employ econometric models of binary choice on a panel of 22 developed economies. The results suggest that the axiom is largely at work, i.e. I find no statistical evidence of violations of the revealed preference axiom in all but one regression. In the third chapter, I turn the attention to the peculiarities of business cycle fluctuations in developing countries. Countercyclical country interest rates have been shown to be both a distinctive characteristic and an important driving force of business cycles in emerging markets. In order to capture this, most business cycle models of emerging economies have nonetheless relied on ad hoc and exogenous countercyclical interest rate processes. I offer a solution to this shortcoming by embedding a financial contract a la citet{bgg1999} into a standard real business cycle model of a small open economy. Because of the existence of agency problems between foreign lenders and domestic borrowers, this financial structure allows me to fully endogenize the existence of an external finance premium that drives country interest rates. I then take the model to data from emerging economies and show that this modification allows to properly account for many of the stylized facts of business cycles in emerging economies, particularly the strong volatility and countercyclicality of interest rates. I also fit the model to data from developed small open economies and find that the estimated parameters that define the financial contract differ in nontrivial ways from those estimated to emerging economies.