Essays On Human Capital Development
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Essays In Human Capital Development
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Author : Debbie Blair
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Essays In Human Capital Development written by Debbie Blair and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Essays On Human Capital Development
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Author : John F. Creamer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Essays On Human Capital Development written by John F. Creamer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Essays On Human Capital Development In Latin America And Spain
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Author : Kerstin Manzel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Essays On Human Capital Development In Latin America And Spain written by Kerstin Manzel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Essays On Human Capital Development And Effective Public Policy Delivery In Peru
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Author : Gabriela Smarrelli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Essays On Human Capital Development And Effective Public Policy Delivery In Peru written by Gabriela Smarrelli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
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Essays On Culture Human Capital Development And Economic History
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Author : Argyris Sakalis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Essays On Culture Human Capital Development And Economic History written by Argyris Sakalis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Essays On Inequality In Human Capital Development
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Author : Mark Mitchell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays On Inequality In Human Capital Development written by Mark Mitchell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Essays On Human Capital Development Wage Dynamics And Religious Paticipation
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Author : Torsten Santavirta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays On Human Capital Development Wage Dynamics And Religious Paticipation written by Torsten Santavirta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Xiaoyan Chen Youderian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays On Human Capital written by Xiaoyan Chen Youderian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The first essay considers how the timing of government education spending influences the intergenerational persistence of income. We build a life-cycle model where human capital is accumulated in early and late childhood. Both families and the government can increase the human capital of young agents by investing in education at each stage of childhood. Ability in each dynasty follows a stochastic process. Different abilities and resultant spending histories generate a stochastic steady state distribution of income. We calibrate our model to match aggregate statistics in terms of education expenditures, income persistence and inequality. We show that increasing government spending in early childhood education is effective in lowering intergenerational earnings elasticity. An increase in government funding of early childhood education equivalent to 0.8 percent of GDP reduces income persistence by 8.4 percent. We find that this relatively large effect is due to the weakening relationship between family income and education investment. Since this link is already weak in late childhood, allocating more public resources to late childhood education does not improve the intergenerational mobility of economic status. Furthermore, focusing more on late childhood may raise intergenerational persistence by amplifying the gap in human capital developed in early childhood. The second essay considers parental time investment in early childhood as an education input and explores the impact of early education policies on labor supply and human capital. I develop a five-period overlapping generations model where human capital formation is a multi-stage process. An agent's human capital is accumulated through early and late childhood. Parents make income and time allocation decisions in response to government expenditures and parental leave policies. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy so that the generated data matches the Gini index and parental participation in education expenditures. The general equilibrium environment shows that subsidizing private education spending and adopting paid parental leave are both effective at increasing human capital. These two policies give parents incentives to increase physical and time investment, respectively. Labor supply decreases due to the introduction of paid parental leave as intended. In addition, low-wage earners are most responsive to parental leave by working less and spending more time with children. The third essay is on the motherhood wage penalty. There is substantial evidence that women with children bear a wage penalty of 5 to 10 percent due to their motherhood status. This wage gap is usually estimated by comparing the wages of working mothers to childless women after controlling for human capital and individual characteristics. This method runs into the problem of selection bias by excluding non-working women. This paper addresses the issue in two ways. First, I develop a simple model of fertility and labor participation decisions to examine the relationships among fertility, employment, and wages. The model implies that mothers face different reservation wages due to variance in preference over child care, while non-mothers face the same reservation wage. Thus, a mother with a relatively high wage may choose not to work because of her strong preference for time with children. In contrast, a childless woman who is not working must face a relatively low wage. For this reason, empirical analysis that focuses only on employed women may result in a biased estimate of the motherhood wage penalty. Second, to test the predictions of the model, I use 2004-2009 data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) and include non-working women in the two-stage Heckman selection model. The empirical results from OLS and the fixed effects model are consistent with the findings in previous studies. However, the child penalty becomes smaller and insignificant after non-working women are included. It implies that the observed wage gap in the labor market appears to overstate the child wage penalty due to the sample selection bias.
Three Essays On The Economics Of Human Capital Development
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Author : Emma Louise Gorman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Three Essays On The Economics Of Human Capital Development written by Emma Louise Gorman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Essays In Human Capital Development
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Author : Randeep Kaur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Essays In Human Capital Development written by Randeep Kaur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This dissertation studies decisions pertaining to human capital investment, specifically education and health. Specifically, I examine human capital decisions through two key research questions. One, what is the effect of household structures on decisions pertaining to human capital development of infants? Two, what is the effect of education policies on education choices? Chapter 1 of the dissertation examines the former by assessing the role of grandparents in household decisions, and Chapters 2 and 3 study the latter question using education policies in India and United States, respectively. Chapter 1 studies the role of grandparents in healthcare decisions made for infants. Using a unique research design, I show that a change to household structure caused by the death of the last living grandparent can be used to identify the effect of grandparents on household decisions, if one exploits the variation in the timing of these decisions relative to the death. This chapter highlights the importance of grandparents in household decisions, especially in context of technology diffusion and human capital development. It also makes an important contribution to the literature by offering a novel empirical strategy that could be used to study the effect of family members on a variety of outcomes in an extended household setting. Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 investigate how education policies affect educational outcomes of disadvantaged populations. In Chapter 2, I examine the effects of the world's largest free lunch program, the Mid Day Meal Scheme of India. Using an instrumental variable strategy, I explicitly incorporate the differential implementation levels of the policy across states. The findings of this paper show that India's free lunch program increased primary school enrollment in India, especially for girls and other disadvantaged populations. In Chapter 3, I study the effect of education policies on choices of students in higher education. In particular, I explore the impact of a policy change that allowed undocumented immigrants to be eligible for in-state tuition in Texas. Employing a difference-in-differences strategy, I find that the reduced college costs resulting from the in-state tuition policy decreased the gap in educational outcomes of undocumented immigrants and their US-born peers. The results of this chapter suggest that the in-state tuition policy increased the probability of graduating and graduating with advanced degrees from community colleges for undocumented immigrants.