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Essays On Labor Markets And Human Capital In Peru

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Essays On Labor Markets And Human Capital In Peru

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Author : Edmundo Murrugarra Villanueva
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Essays On Labor Markets And Human Capital In Peru written by Edmundo Murrugarra Villanueva and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Cost and standard of living categories.

Labor Market Participation Returns To Education And Male Female Wage Differences In Peru

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Author : Shahidur R. Khandker
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1990

Labor Market Participation Returns To Education And Male Female Wage Differences In Peru written by Shahidur R. Khandker and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Diskrimination-arbejdsmarked categories.

Essays On Growth Development And Human Capital

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Author : Juan Ignacio Vizcaino
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Essays On Growth Development And Human Capital written by Juan Ignacio Vizcaino and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Electronic dissertations categories.

Skills, Technologies and Development. I study how the productivity of skilled and unskilled labor varies with development. Using harmonized, occupational labor market outcomes for a broad set of countries across the development spectrum, I document that employment in high-skill occupations, or jobs that are relatively more intensive in non-routine cognitive tasks, grows with development. In addition, the income of workers in high-skill occupations falls relative to earnings in low-skill occupations as countries grow richer. To understand the forces driving these findings, I develop a stylized model of the labor market across development. In the model, labor productivity is determined endogenously as a result of the selection of heterogeneous workers into occupations and education. I use a quantitative version of the model to decompose the observed decline in relative labor income between less-developed countries and the US into a component embedded in technologies, or relative skilled labor efficiency, and a fraction due to workers’ characteristics, or relative skilled labor quality. I find that relative quality explains 25 percent of the decline in relative labor income, with the remaining fraction due to relative efficiency. In less-developed countries, the relatively few skilled workers are the most productive in performing high-skill jobs, which reduces the magnitude of skill-biased technological progress needed to rationalize the cross-country data by one half when compared to a world where labor quality is purely determined by educational attainment. Skill-Biased Structural Change. Using a broad panel of advanced economies, we document that increases in GDP per-capita are associated with a systematic shift in the composition of value added to sectors that are intensive in high-skill labor, a process we label as skillbiased structural change. It follows that further development in these economies leads to an increase in the relative demand for skilled labor. We develop a two-sector model of this process and use it to assess the contribution of skill-biased structural change to the rise of the skill premium in the US and a set of ten other advanced economies, over the period of 1977 to 2005. For the US, we find that these compositional changes in demand account for 20-27% of the overall increase of the skill premium due to technical change. Natural Disasters and Growth: The Role of Foreign Aid and Disaster Insurance. In this paper we develop a continuous time stochastic growth model that is suitable for studying the impact of natural disasters on the short run and long run growth rate of an economy. We find that the growth effects of a natural disaster depend in complicated ways on the details of expected foreign disaster aid and the existence of catastrophe insurance markets. We show that aid can have an influence on investments in prevention and mitigation activities and can delay the recovery from a natural disaster strike.

Essays On Human Capital And Labor Market Dynamics

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Author : Isabel Cairó
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Essays On Human Capital And Labor Market Dynamics written by Isabel Cairó and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

Aquesta tesi investiga el paper del capital humà en la comprensió de certs esdeveniments recents en el mercat de treball dels Estats Units. El capítol 1 proporciona nova evidència empírica que suggereix que la creixent importància de l'acumulació de capital humà en el lloc de treball està darrere de la pèrdua de dinamisme en el mercat laboral. Els resultats quantitatius d'un model teòric mostren que la hipòtesi que es proposa pot explicar gairebé un terç de la pèrdua de dinamisme en el mercat laboral. El capítol 2 mostra que l'envelliment de la població i l'augment del nivell educatiu són dos factors crucials darrere de la tendència a la baixa dels fluxos d'entrada i sortida de l'atur des de mitjans dels anys setanta. Un model teòric en què els treballadors de més edat i més educació tenen un major nivell de capital humà específic pot explicar les tendències observades. El capítol 3 mostra que els individus amb major educació experimenten un nivell de desocupació més baix i menys volàtil, degut a una menor probabilitat de perdre el lloc de treball. Un model teòric que incorpora formació inicial al lloc de treball il·lustra que l'acumulació de capital humà específic pot explicar aquesta regularitat empírica.