Essays On Retirement And Medicare Policy
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Essays On Retirement And Medicare Policy
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Author : Jonathan Michael Leganza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays On Retirement And Medicare Policy written by Jonathan Michael Leganza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertation is comprised of three freestanding chapters, each of which studies a policy-motivated question related to the economics of aging. The first two chapters provide new evidence from Denmark on how social security policy impacts retirement, labor supply, and savings decisions of older workers, and the last chapter evaluates a U.S. Medicare policy that aims to improve access to healthcare for older Americans. Chapter 1 studies how the provision of public pension benefits impacts private savings. We use administrative data and a regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effects of a Danish reform that increased social security eligibility ages. We find no evidence of anticipatory savings responses after the announcement of the reform, whereas we find large increases in savings in retirement accounts when delayed benefit eligibility induces extended employment. The evidence suggests inertia is a leading mechanism: individuals continue to work and continue to save, and we show how employer default contribution rate policies mediate responses to the national reform. Chapter 2 studies how social security influences joint retirement of couples. We first document joint retirement behavior around the early pension eligibility age in Denmark: we show that spouses are discontinuously more likely to retire when their partners first become eligible for social security benefits. We then explore underlying mechanisms and find age differences within couples to be crucial determinants of joint retirement behavior, which is primarily driven by older spouses continuing to work until their younger partners reach pension eligibility age. Chapter 3 studies a U.S. Medicare policy that delivers bonus payments to physicians for practicing in areas with few doctors per capita. Using several sources of data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and a matched difference-in-differences design, we find that counties designated as official shortage areas experience an increase in the number of early-career primary care physicians. However, we find no evidence that later-career physicians respond to shortage area designations, and we highlight how targeting bonus payments towards newer physicians may thus improve the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of the policy.
Essays In Social Insurance
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Author : Jacob Berman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays In Social Insurance written by Jacob Berman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
My first chapter explores the effect of income on health in the context of Social Security and Medicare. Income is a powerful predictor of health among the elderly, but existing research has struggled to identify a causal link. I estimate the causal effect of Social Security income on health care utilization and health outcomes among elderly men. Using Medicare administrative records and a regression discontinuity design, I exploit several changes in the Social Security benefit formula that vary abruptly by date of birth. This feature has been overlooked by prior research and causes workers born one day apart to receive positive and negative income shocks. Over my sample period, I estimate a $100 increase in monthly Social Security benefits leads to a $38 decline in monthly federal Medicare expenditures. To provide evidence the decline in spending is driven by improvements in health, I show income leads to reductions in diagnoses for chronic conditions and mortality. My results suggest cuts to Social Security benefits may have unintended social and fiscal costs. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of examining health outcomes when evaluating the costs and benefits of social insurance programs. My second chapter examines the Qualified Medicare Beneficiary (QMB) program---a means-tested benefit that exempts low-income Medicare beneficiaries from their cost-sharing obligations. Patients enrolled in the QMB program face zero prices for Medicare services, receive monthly premium exemptions, and subsidized Part D prescription drug coverage. However, because providers face administrative burdens and lower reimbursement rates, they may limit access for QMB patients. Given these offsetting features, it is unclear whether patients benefit from enrolling in the program. To examine the effect of QMB enrollment on patient access and outcomes, I study an expansion of QMB eligibility that occurred in Connecticut in 2009. By doubling the income limit and removing the asset test, the state more than doubled enrollment. Using a difference-in-difference design and Medicare administrative records, I estimate the effect of QMB enrollment on health care utilization and health outcomes. I find that the program appears to be successful at reducing beneficiary costs without limiting access to care. I show QMB enrollment leads patients to save $1,300 in annual outpatient cost-sharing liability without any change in the utilization of outpatient services. Overall, my results suggest that within the universe of Medicare, the program transfers a substantial share of producer surplus to consumers. My third chapter studies how cuts to Social Security retirement benefits affect Social Security disability enrollment. Specifically, I exploit a policy change which caused an abrupt decline in the generosity of retirement benefits for workers near certain date of birth cutoffs. Using various regression discontinuity designs, I do not find evidence that cohorts affected by the policy change have higher rates of benefit receipt. My preferred specification estimates a precise null effect. My confidence interval implies the increase in the full retirement age caused disability enrollment to only change between -0.25 and 0.28 percentage points. Relative to existing work, my paper provides evidence that disability enrollment is less sensitive to policy changes. I find there are fewer marginal SSDI applicants implying the program's moral hazard effects are more modest than prior work would suggest.
Get What S Yours For Medicare
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Author : Philip Moeller
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2016-10-04
Get What S Yours For Medicare written by Philip Moeller and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-04 with Business & Economics categories.
A coauthor of the New York Times bestselling guide to Social Security Get What’s Yours authors an essential companion to explain Medicare, the nation’s other major benefit for older Americans. Learn how to maximize your health coverage and save money. Social Security provides the bulk of most retirees’ income and Medicare guarantees them affordable health insurance. But few people know what Medicare covers and what it doesn’t, what it costs, and when to sign up. Nor do they understand which parts of Medicare are provided by the government and how these work with private insurance plans—Medicare Advantage, drug insurance, and Medicare supplement insurance. Do you understand Medicare’s parts A, B, C, D? Which Part D drug plan is right and how do you decide? Which is better, Medigap or Medicare Advantage? What do you do if Medicare denies payment for a procedure that your doctor says you need? How do you navigate the appeals process for denied claims? If you’re still working or have a retiree health plan, how do those benefits work with Medicare? Do you know about the annual enrollment period for Medicare, or about lifetime penalties for late enrollment, or any number of other key Medicare rules? Health costs are the biggest unknown expense for older Americans, who are turning sixty-five at the rate of 10,000 a day. Understanding and navigating Medicare is the best way to save health care dollars and use them wisely. In Get What’s Yours for Medicare, retirement expert Philip Moeller explains how to understand all these important choices and make the right decisions for your health and wealth now—and for the future.
Get What S Yours
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Author : Laurence J. Kotlikoff
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2015-02-17
Get What S Yours written by Laurence J. Kotlikoff and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Learn the secrets to maximizing your Social Security benefits and earn up to thousands of dollars more each year with expert advice that you can't get anywhere else. Want to know how to navigate the forbidding maze of Social Security and emerge with the highest possible benefits? You could try reading all 2,728 rules of the Social Security system (and the thousands of explanations of these rules), but Kotlikoff, Moeller, and Solman explain Social Security benefits in an easy to understand and user-friendly style. What you don't know can seriously hurt you: wrong decisions about which Social Security benefits to apply for cost some individual retirees tens of thousands of dollars in lost income every year. How many retirees or those nearing retirement know about such Social Security options as file and suspend (apply for benefits and then don't take them)? Or start stop start (start benefits, stop them, then re-start them)? Or-just as important-when and how to use these techniques? Get What's Yours covers the most frequent benefit scenarios faced by married retired couples, by divorced retirees, by widows and widowers, among others. It explains what to do if you're a retired parent of dependent children, disabled, or an eligible beneficiary who continues to work, and how to plan wisely before retirement. It addresses the tax consequences of your choices, as well as the financial implications for other investments. Many personal finance books briefly address Social Security, but none offers the thorough, authoritative, yet conversational analysis found here. You've paid all your working life for these benefits. Now, get what's yours.
Providing Health Care Benefits In Retirement
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Author : Judith F. Mazo
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 1994
Providing Health Care Benefits In Retirement written by Judith F. Mazo and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Health insurance categories.
This volume, from the Pension Research Council of the Wharton School, highlights many of the special health insurance problems facing the elderly and some of the solutions that any reform process must consider.
Care Without Coverage
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-06-20
Care Without Coverage written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-06-20 with Medical categories.
Many Americans believe that people who lack health insurance somehow get the care they really need. Care Without Coverage examines the real consequences for adults who lack health insurance. The study presents findings in the areas of prevention and screening, cancer, chronic illness, hospital-based care, and general health status. The committee looked at the consequences of being uninsured for people suffering from cancer, diabetes, HIV infection and AIDS, heart and kidney disease, mental illness, traumatic injuries, and heart attacks. It focused on the roughly 30 million-one in seven-working-age Americans without health insurance. This group does not include the population over 65 that is covered by Medicare or the nearly 10 million children who are uninsured in this country. The main findings of the report are that working-age Americans without health insurance are more likely to receive too little medical care and receive it too late; be sicker and die sooner; and receive poorer care when they are in the hospital, even for acute situations like a motor vehicle crash.
Model Rules Of Professional Conduct
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Author : American Bar Association. House of Delegates
language : en
Publisher: American Bar Association
Release Date : 2007
Model Rules Of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and has been published by American Bar Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Law categories.
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Aging Thoughtfully
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Author : Martha Craven Nussbaum
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Aging Thoughtfully written by Martha Craven Nussbaum and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Medical categories.
A philosopher and a lawyer-economist examine the challenges of the last third of life. They write about friendship, sex, retirement communities, inheritance, poverty, and the depiction of aging women in films. These essays, or conversations, will help readers of all ages think about how to age well, or at least thoughtfully, and how to interact with older family members and friends.
Retooling For An Aging America
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-09-27
Retooling For An Aging America written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-27 with Medical categories.
As the first of the nation's 78 million baby boomers begin reaching age 65 in 2011, they will face a health care workforce that is too small and woefully unprepared to meet their specific health needs. Retooling for an Aging America calls for bold initiatives starting immediately to train all health care providers in the basics of geriatric care and to prepare family members and other informal caregivers, who currently receive little or no training in how to tend to their aging loved ones. The book also recommends that Medicare, Medicaid, and other health plans pay higher rates to boost recruitment and retention of geriatric specialists and care aides. Educators and health professional groups can use Retooling for an Aging America to institute or increase formal education and training in geriatrics. Consumer groups can use the book to advocate for improving the care for older adults. Health care professional and occupational groups can use it to improve the quality of health care jobs.
Approaching Death
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Author : Committee on Care at the End of Life
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-10-30
Approaching Death written by Committee on Care at the End of Life and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-10-30 with Medical categories.
When the end of life makes its inevitable appearance, people should be able to expect reliable, humane, and effective caregiving. Yet too many dying people suffer unnecessarily. While an "overtreated" dying is feared, untreated pain or emotional abandonment are equally frightening. Approaching Death reflects a wide-ranging effort to understand what we know about care at the end of life, what we have yet to learn, and what we know but do not adequately apply. It seeks to build understanding of what constitutes good care for the dying and offers recommendations to decisionmakers that address specific barriers to achieving good care. This volume offers a profile of when, where, and how Americans die. It examines the dimensions of caring at the end of life: Determining diagnosis and prognosis and communicating these to patient and family. Establishing clinical and personal goals. Matching physical, psychological, spiritual, and practical care strategies to the patient's values and circumstances. Approaching Death considers the dying experience in hospitals, nursing homes, and other settings and the role of interdisciplinary teams and managed care. It offers perspectives on quality measurement and improvement, the role of practice guidelines, cost concerns, and legal issues such as assisted suicide. The book proposes how health professionals can become better prepared to care well for those who are dying and to understand that these are not patients for whom "nothing can be done."