Essays On Values And Practical Rationality
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Essays On Values And Practical Rationality
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Author : António Marques
language : en
Publisher: Lisbon Philosophical Studies ¿ Uses of Languages in Interdisciplinary Fields
Release Date : 2018
Essays On Values And Practical Rationality written by António Marques and has been published by Lisbon Philosophical Studies ¿ Uses of Languages in Interdisciplinary Fields this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Aesthetics categories.
This book discusses values and the exercise of practical rationality. The main feature of the research is the multiplicity of approaches of the exercise of practical rationality and the consideration of different spheres of values, that is the ethical, political and aesthetic ones.
Structural Rationality And Other Essays On Practical Reason
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Author : Julian Nida-Rümelin
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-05-24
Structural Rationality And Other Essays On Practical Reason written by Julian Nida-Rümelin and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-24 with Philosophy categories.
In this book, the author shows that it is necessary to enrich the conceptual frame of the theory of rational choice beyond consequentialism. He argues that consequentialism as a general theory of rational action fails and that this does not force us into the dichotomy teleology vs deontology. The unity of practical reason can be saved without consequentialism. In the process, he presents insightful criticism of standard models of action and rational choice. This will help readers discover a new perspective on the theory of rationality. The approach is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions do exist that are outlined in accordance to utility maximizing or even self-interest maximizing. Yet, not all actions are to be understood in these terms. Actions oriented around social roles, for example, cannot count as irrational only because there is no known underlying maximizing heuristic. The concept of bounded rationality tries to embed instrumental rationality into a form of life to highlight limits of our cognitive capabilities and selective perceptions. However, the agent is still left within the realm of cost-benefit-reasoning. The idea of social preferences or meta-preferences cannot encompass the plurality of human actions. According to the author they ignore the plurality of reasons that drive agency. Hence, they coerce agency in fitting into a theory that undermines humanity. His theory of structural rationality acknowledges lifeworld patterns of interaction and meaning.
Human Values
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Author : D. Oderberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2004-10-14
Human Values written by D. Oderberg and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-14 with Philosophy categories.
In recent decades, the revival of natural law theory in modern moral philosophy has been an exciting and important development. Human Values brings together an international group of moral philosophers who in various respects share the aims and ideals of natural law ethics. In their diverse ways, these authors make distinctive and original contributions to the continuing project of developing natural law ethics as a comprehensive treatment of modern ethical theory and practice.
A World Without Values
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Author : Richard Joyce
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-01
A World Without Values written by Richard Joyce and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-01 with Philosophy categories.
What kind of properties are moral qualities, such as rightness, badness, etc? Some ethicists doubt that there are any such properties; they maintain that thinking that something is morally wrong (for example) is comparable to thinking that something is a unicorn or a ghost. These "moral error theorists" argue that the world simply does not contain the kind of properties or objects necessary to render our moral judgments true. This radical form of moral skepticism was championed by the philosopher John Mackie (1917-1981). This anthology is a collection of philosophical essays critically examining Mackie’s view.
Practical Knowledge
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Author : Kieran Setiya
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-09-15
Practical Knowledge written by Kieran Setiya and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-15 with Philosophy categories.
In the last forty years, action theory has revitalized moral philosophy. Philosophers have explored the nature of agency, what is involved in acting for a reason, how we know what we are doing, the role of intention, desire, and belief in motivating action, and more. At their most ambitious, philosophers have claimed that action theory is the foundation of ethics. For rationalists or constitutivists, the standards of practical reason derive from the nature of agency as a functional or teleological kind. They are no more mysterious than the standards for being a good clock or a good heart, given the function of clocks and hearts. In this collection of new and previously published essays, Kieran Setiya defends a causal theory of intentional action on which it is explained by knowledge in intention, a form of practical knowledge that transcends prior evidence. Such knowledge rests on knowing how to do the things we do. The theory is otherwise minimalist: agents need not regard their reasons as good, put means to ends, or adopt particular aims. It follows that we must reject the rationalist or constitutivist approach: the nature of agency is too thin to support the standards of practical reason. But the upshot is not nihilism. Instead, the requirement of means-end coherence is explained by the cognitive aspect of intention; and the standards of practical reason are those of ethical virtue, applied to practical thought.
Reasons Rights And Values
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Author : Robert Audi
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015-04-02
Reasons Rights And Values written by Robert Audi and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-02 with Philosophy categories.
A wide-ranging collection of essays on reasons, rights, values, and virtues, by a leading philosopher of ethics.
Needs Values Truth
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Author : David Wiggins
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1998
Needs Values Truth written by David Wiggins and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Ethics categories.
Needs, Values, Truth brings together of some of the most important and influential writings by a leading contemporary philosopher, drawn from twenty-five years of his work in the broad area of the philosophy of value. The author ranges between problems of ethics, meta-ethics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of logic and language, looking at questions relating to meaning, truth and objectivity in judgements of value. For this third edition he has added a new essay on incommensurability, in addition to making minor revisions to the existing text. The volume will stand as a definitive summation of his work in this area.
Explaining Value
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Author : Gilbert Harman
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2000-08-17
Explaining Value written by Gilbert Harman and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-17 with Philosophy categories.
Explaining Value is a selection of the best of Gilbert Harman's shorter writings in moral philosophy. The thirteen essays, originally published between 1967 and 1999, are divided into four sections, which focus in turn on moral relativism, values and valuing, character traits and virtue ethics, and ways of explaining aspects of morality. An indication of the breadth of interest of the book can be given by mentioning a few of the compelling questions which Harman discusses: What accounts for the existence of basic moral disagreements? Why do most people think it is worse to injure someone than to fail to save them from injury? Why do many people think it is morally permissible to treat animals in ways we would not treat people? What is it to value something and what is it to value something intrinsically? How much of morality can or should be explained in terms of human flourishing, or the possession of virtuous character traits? How do people come to be moral? Harman's distinctive approach to moral philosophy has provoked much interest; this volume offers a fascinating conspectus of his most important work in the area.
Reasoning
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Author : Magdalena Balcerak Jackson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2019-05-02
Reasoning written by Magdalena Balcerak Jackson and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-02 with Reasoning categories.
Philosophers have always recognized the value of reason, but the process of reasoning itself has only recently begun to emerge as a philosophical topic in its own right. Is reasoning a distinctive kind of mental process? If so, what is its nature? How does reasoning differ from merely freely associating thoughts? What is the relationship between reasoning about what to believe and reasoning about how to act? Is reasoning itself something you do, or something that happens to you? And what is the value of reasoning? Are there rules for good or correct reasoning and, if so, what are they like? Does good reasoning always lead to justified belief or rational action? Is there more than one way to reason correctly from your evidence? This volume comprises twelve new essays by leading researchers in the philosophy of reasoning that together address these questions and many more, and explore the connections between them.
Spheres Of Reason
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Author : Simon Robertson
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2009-10-01
Spheres Of Reason written by Simon Robertson and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-01 with Philosophy categories.
Spheres of Reason comprises nine original essays on the philosophy of normativity, written by a combination of internationally renowned and up-and-coming philosophers working at the forefront of the topic. On one broad construal the normative sphere concerns norms, requirements, oughts, reasons, reasoning, rationality, justification, value. These notions play a central role in both everyday thought and philosophical enquiry; but there remains considerable disagreement about how to understand normativity — its nature, metaphysical and epistemological bases — and how different aspects of normative thought connect to one another. As well as exploring traditional and ongoing issues central to our understanding of normativity — especially those concerning reasons, reasoning and rationality — the volume's essays develop new approaches to and perspectives in the field. Notably, they make a timely and distinctive contribution to normativity as it features across each of the practical, epistemic and affective regions of thought, including the important issue of how normativity as it applies to action, belief and feeling may (or may not) be connected. In doing so, the essays engage topics within the philosophy of mind and action, epistemology, normative ethics and metaethics. With an editor's introduction providing a comprehensive and accessible background to the subject, Spheres of Reason is essential reading to anyone interested in the nature of normativity and the bearing it has on human thought.