European Jewry And The First Crusade
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European Jewry And The First Crusade
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Author : Robert Chazan
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-09-01
European Jewry And The First Crusade written by Robert Chazan and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-01 with Religion categories.
One of the unanticipated results of the First Crusade in 1095 was a series of violent assaults on major Jewish communities in the Rhineland. Robert Chazan offers the first detailed analysis of these events, illuminating the attitudes that triggered the assaults as well as the beliefs that informed Jewish reactions to them.
God Humanity And History
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Author : Robert Chazan
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2000-08-09
God Humanity And History written by Robert Chazan and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-09 with Religion categories.
Although closely focused on the remarkable Hebrew First-Crusade narratives, Robert Chazan's new interpretation of these texts is anything but narrow, as his title, God, Humanity, and History, strongly suggests. The three surviving Hebrew accounts of the crusaders' devastating assaults on Rhineland Jewish communities during the spring of 1096 have been examined at length, but only now can we appreciate the extent to which they represent their turbulent times. After a close analysis of the texts themselves, Chazan addresses the objectives of the three narratives. He compares these accounts with earlier Jewish history writing and with contemporary crusade historiography. It is in their disjuncture with past forms of Jewish historical narration and their amazing parallels with Latin crusade narratives that the Hebrew narratives are most revealing. We see how they reflect the embeddedness of early Ashkenazic Jewry in the vibrant atmosphere of late-eleventh- and early-twelfth-century northern Europe.
In The Year 1096
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Author : Robert Chazan
language : en
Publisher: Jewish Publication Society
Release Date : 2010
In The Year 1096 written by Robert Chazan and has been published by Jewish Publication Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with History categories.
In 1996 the world commemorates the 900th anniversary of the First Crusade or, more precisely, of the pogroms unleashed by the crusade upon the Jews of the Rhineland. In the Year 1096 ... presents a clear, highly readable chronicle of the events of 1096. Noted teacher and historian Robert Chazan brings readers to critical moments in Jewish history, illuminating the events themselves, their antecedents, and their far-reaching consequences. Equally important, his book assesses the significance of the events of 1096 within the larger framework of Jewish history, including both the scope of persecution and the record of Jewish resistance. He has created a dramatic portrait of the clash between three conflicting forces in medieval Europe: the German crusaders, the Rhineland burghers, and the Rhineland Jews. His book provides an extensive look at the Christian assaults and the intense Jewish responses, with much material translated directly from remarkable Hebrew narratives which are admirable for both the vividness of their description and the complexity of the portrait they provide. Chazan tells the story of 1096 in "grays," not blacks and whites; that is, he relates stories of Christian enemies, but also of Christian friends, and of Jewish martyrs, but also of Jewish negotiators and converts. The author devotes the second half of In the Year 1096 ... to tracing these events through the intervening nine centuries of Jewish history. In the second part he surveys the Jewish perception of 1096 over the ages, including both the neglect of these events in some quarters and their emphasis in others; he places 1096 within the lengthy history of anti-Jewish actions and thinking, and examines the unusual behaviors of the Rhineland Jews within the context of historic Jewish responses to persecution
European Jewry And The First Crusade
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Author : Robert Chazan
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-09-01
European Jewry And The First Crusade written by Robert Chazan and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-01 with Religion categories.
One of the unanticipated results of the First Crusade in 1095 was a series of violent assaults on major Jewish communities in the Rhineland. Robert Chazan offers the first detailed analysis of these events, illuminating the attitudes that triggered the assaults as well as the beliefs that informed Jewish reactions to them.
Reassessing Jewish Life In Medieval Europe
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Author : Robert Chazan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-09-27
Reassessing Jewish Life In Medieval Europe written by Robert Chazan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-27 with History categories.
This book re-evaluates the prevailing notion that Jews in medieval Christian Europe lived under an appalling regime of ecclesiastical limitation, governmental exploitation and expropriation, and unceasing popular violence. Robert Chazan argues that, while Jewish life in medieval Western Christendom was indeed beset with grave difficulties, it was nevertheless an environment rich in opportunities; the Jews of medieval Europe overcame obstacles, grew in number, explored innovative economic options, and fashioned enduring new forms of Jewish living. His research also provides a reconsideration of the legacy of medieval Jewish life, which is often depicted as equally destructive and projected as the underpinning of the twentieth-century catastrophes of antisemitism and the Holocaust. Dr Chazan's research proves that, although Jewish life in the medieval West laid the foundation for much Jewish suffering in the post-medieval world, it also stimulated considerable Jewish ingenuity, which lies at the root of impressive Jewish successes in the modern West.
Sanctifying The Name Of God
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Author : Jeremy Cohen
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2013-03-26
Sanctifying The Name Of God written by Jeremy Cohen and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-26 with Religion categories.
How are martyrs made, and how do the memories of martyrs express, nourish, and mold the ideals of the community? Sanctifying the Name of God wrestles with these questions against the background of the massacres of Jews in the Rhineland during the outbreak of the First Crusade. Marking the first extensive wave of anti-Jewish violence in medieval Christian Europe, these "Persecutions of 1096" exerted a profound influence on the course of European Jewish history. When the crusaders demanded that Jews choose between Christianity and death, many opted for baptism. Many others, however, chose to die as Jews rather than to live as Christians, and of these, many actually inflicted death upon themselves and their loved ones. Stories of their self-sacrifice ushered the Jewish ideal of martyrdom—kiddush ha-Shem, the sanctification of God's holy name—into a new phase, conditioning the collective memory and mindset of Ashkenazic Jewry for centuries to come, during the Holocaust, and even today. The Jewish survivors of 1096 memorialized the victims as martyrs as they rebuilt their communities during the decades following the Crusade. Three twelfth-century Hebrew chronicles of the persecutions preserve their memories of martyrdom and self-sacrifice, tales fraught with symbolic meaning that constitute one of the earliest Jewish attempts at local, contemporary historiography. Reading and analyzing these stories through the prism of Jewish and Christian religious and literary traditions, Jeremy Cohen shows how these persecution chronicles reveal much more about the storytellers, the martyrologists, than about the martyrs themselves. While they extol the glorious heroism of the martyrs, they also air the doubts, guilt, and conflicts of those who, by submitting temporarily to the Christian crusaders, survived.
Medieval Stereotypes And Modern Antisemitism
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Author : Robert Chazan
language : en
Publisher: University of California Presson Demand
Release Date : 1997
Medieval Stereotypes And Modern Antisemitism written by Robert Chazan and has been published by University of California Presson Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with History categories.
The twelfth century in Europe, hailed by historians as a time of intellectual and spiritual vitality, had a dark side. As Robert Chazan points out, the marginalization of minorities emerged during the "twelfth-century renaissance" as part of a growing pattern of persecution, and among those stigmatized the Jews figured prominently. The migration of Jews to northern Europe in the late tenth century led to the development of a new set of Jewish communities. This northern Jewry prospered, only to decline sharply two centuries later. Chazan locates the cause of the decline primarily in the creation of new, negative images of Jews. He shows how these damaging twelfth-century stereotypes developed and goes on to chart the powerful, lasting role of the new anti-Jewish imagery in the historical development of antisemitism. This coupling of the twelfth century's notable intellectual bequests to the growth of Western civilization with its legacy of virulent anti-Jewish motifs offers an important new key to understanding modern antisemitism. The twelfth century in Europe, hailed by historians as a time of intellectual and spiritual vitality, had a dark side. As Robert Chazan points out, the marginalization of minorities emerged during the "twelfth-century renaissance" as part of a growing pattern of persecution, and among those stigmatized the Jews figured prominently. The migration of Jews to northern Europe in the late tenth century led to the development of a new set of Jewish communities. This northern Jewry prospered, only to decline sharply two centuries later. Chazan locates the cause of the decline primarily in the creation of new, negative images of Jews. He shows how these damaging twelfth-century stereotypes developed and goes on to chart the powerful, lasting role of the new anti-Jewish imagery in the historical development of antisemitism. This coupling of the twelfth century's notable intellectual bequests to the growth of Western civilization with its legacy of virulent anti-Jewish motifs offers an important new key to understanding modern antisemitism.
Remembering The Crusades
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Author : Nicholas Paul
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2012-04-02
Remembering The Crusades written by Nicholas Paul and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-02 with History categories.
Few events in European history generated more historical, artistic, and literary responses than the conquest of Jerusalem by the armies of the First Crusade in 1099. This epic military and religious expedition, and the many that followed it, became part of the collective memory of communities in Europe, Byzantium, North Africa, and the Near East. Remembering the Crusades examines the ways in which those memories were negotiated, transmitted, and transformed from the Middle Ages through the modern period. Bringing together leading scholars in art history, literature, and medieval European and Near Eastern history, this volume addresses a number of important questions. How did medieval communities respond to the intellectual, cultural, and existential challenges posed by the unique fusion of piety and violence of the First Crusade? How did the crusades alter the form and meaning of monuments and landscapes throughout Europe and the Near East? What role did the crusades play in shaping the collective identity of cities, institutions, and religious sects? In exploring these and other questions, the contributors analyze how the events of the First Crusade resonated in a wide range of cultural artifacts, including literary texts, art and architecture, and liturgical ceremonies. They discuss how Christians, Jews, and Muslims recalled and interpreted the events of the crusades and what far-reaching implications that remembering had on their communities throughout the centuries. Remembering the Crusades is the first collection of essays to investigate the commemoration of the crusades in eastern and western cultures. Its unprecedented multidisciplinary and cross-cultural approach points the way to a complete reevaluation of the place of the crusades in medieval and modern societies.
To Remember Me By
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Author : Ernst Oppenheim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
To Remember Me By written by Ernst Oppenheim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Europe categories.
Combines the stories and genealogies of two enlarged families - that of Ernst Oppenheim and that of his wife Ruth - with essays on the history of Central European Jewry and historical documents. Ch. 1 (p. 3-16), "The First Crusade", describes massacres of Jews by Crusaders in the Rhine valley in 1096. Ch. 4 (p. 31-38), "Early Jewish Existential Conditions in Bohemia", describes legal restrictions imposed on the Jews of western Czech lands from the 11th-18th centuries. Ch. 16 (p. 213-218), "Kristallnacht in Innsbruck", contains eyewitness accounts and Nazi documents describing this event. Ch. 17 (p. 219-331), "As They Remembered It", contains texts of interviews with ten members of Ernst's and Ruth's families who survived the Holocaust, mainly by emigrating. Ch. 18 (p. 332-338), "Shoa", contains a letter from Gertrude Roubicek, who survived in Theresienstadt. Many members of both families perished in the Holocaust.
Jews And Crusaders In Europe
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Author : Salomo bar Simeon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1941
Jews And Crusaders In Europe written by Salomo bar Simeon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1941 with Crusades categories.