Evaluation Of Seed And Drench Treatments For Management Of Damping Off And Seedling Blight Pathogens Of Spinach For Organic Production
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Evaluation Of Seed And Drench Treatments For Management Of Damping Off And Seedling Blight Pathogens Of Spinach For Organic Production
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Author : Jaime Anne Cummings
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Evaluation Of Seed And Drench Treatments For Management Of Damping Off And Seedling Blight Pathogens Of Spinach For Organic Production written by Jaime Anne Cummings and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Phytopathogenic microorganisms categories.
Microbial Strategies For Vegetable Production
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Author : Almas Zaidi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-13
Microbial Strategies For Vegetable Production written by Almas Zaidi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-13 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive information on basic and applied concepts of microbesial strategies adopted for the improvement of vegetables grown in various production systems. The beneficial role of soil microbes including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), nitrogen fixers, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the improvement of vegetables grown both in normal and contaminated soils is discussed. The role of PGPR in tomato production is dealt separately. The impact of heavy metals on different vegetables and abatement of metal toxicity following metal tolerant PGPR and their consequential impact on vegetables grown in metal polluted soil is discussed. Moreover, recent advances in the management of vegetable diseases employing PGPR are addressed. This volume is therefore of special interest to both academics, professionals and practitioners working in the field of vegetable farming/horticulture, microbiology and plant protection sciences.
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Two Trichoderma Species As Biological Control Agents Against Damping Off Caused By Pythium Aphanidermatum Edson Fitzp In Cucumber Seedlings And Microgreen Table Beets
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Two Trichoderma Species As Biological Control Agents Against Damping Off Caused By Pythium Aphanidermatum Edson Fitzp In Cucumber Seedlings And Microgreen Table Beets written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Beets categories.
Commercial strains of Trichoderma harzianum (Th) and/or T. virens (Tv) were used as seed treatments to protect 'Marketmore 76' cucumber against damping-off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. (Pa) in soilless media. Slurry-coating osmotically or osmomatrically primed seeds with Th, Tv or ThTv (applied at half-rates each) was less effective than slurry-coating non-primed seeds in managing damping-off. The combination coating eliminated damping-off only in non-primed seeds, and tended to reduce damping-off in primed seeds compared to coating with Th or Tv alone. Using only non-primed seeds, slurry coatings with technical grade mefenoxam fungicide, Th, Tv and/or ThTv decreased total damping-off to 2.6%, 7.4%, 2.0% and 0%, respectively, from the 30.1% occurring in non-coated seeds. Th, Tv, or ThTv applied to growth media at the same rate as the seed coating (1 mg per seed) were generally as effective as the seed coatings, and only the ThTv growth medium application eliminated damping-off. It was further established that Th and/or Tv can be stored on seeds up to 4 weeks at either 4 or 21 °C with no loss of colony forming units. In a second study the effectiveness of ThTv in protecting 'Early Wonder Tall Top' table beet (Beta vulgaris L.), a microgreen crop, against damping-off caused by Pa was investigated. Seed-balls were incubated for 2 days at 21 °C in moist exfoliated grade 3 vermiculite containing ThTv at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00 mg per seed-ball. Four days before planting, the peat-lite was inoculated with 0, 0.5 or 1.0X the Pa rate used in the cucumber experiments. Increasing ThTv per seed ball decreased percentage damping-off. At 1 mg per seed ball, damping-off was 5 and 19% in the 0.5 and 1.0 Pa levels, respectively. Including Agro-lig UF with the incubating seed-ball- ThTv mixtures resulted in a further decrease in damping-off percentage. Increasing ThTv per seed ball applied as a growth medium drench decreased percentage damping-off, but not to the extent achieved with seed-ball treatment. At 1 mg ThTv per seed- ball as a drench, damping-off was 20% and 55% in the 0.5 and 1.0 Pa levels, respectively.
Biological Control Methods For Damping Off Of Tomato Seedlings Caused By Pythium Myriotylum
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Biological Control Methods For Damping Off Of Tomato Seedlings Caused By Pythium Myriotylum written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Pythium damping-off has the potential to cause severe loss in greenhouse and field grown tomatoes. Species of Pythium are found in soils from all climates, and capable of surviving for long periods without a host. Infectious structures of Pythium species are motile, and therefore able to travel through irrigation water and runoff. Pythium myriotylum thrives in warm, humid environments such as that of the Southeastern United States, and was thus chosen for this study. Currently, no tomato varieties with resistance to damping-off are available. In addition, the agriculture industry is striving for sustainable and biological methods of control of plant pests and pathogens. Therefore, biological controls that are capable of simultaneously protecting plants from pathogens and pests are needed. To that end, the first part of this investigation for biological control of tomato damping-off involves the seed application of an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, along with a commercial plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria formulation (BioYield) that is known to induce systemic resistance in plants to herbivores and pathogens, and a soil amendment with Monarda sp. containing essential oils that are fungicidal to many soilborne pathogens. The objectives of the first study were to determine the following: (i) if herbage of Monarda didyma used as a soil amendment is capable of suppressing damping-off of tomato seedlings; (ii) if conidia of Beauveria bassiana isolates used as seed coatings are capable of suppressing damping-off of tomato seedlings; (iii) if a commercial form of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria used as a seed drench is capable of suppressing damping-off of tomato seedlings; and (iv) if combinations of the herbage and the seed treatments are synergistic or antagonistic. Results from the first study indicated cultivar specificity with Beauveria bassiana and herbage treatments. Survival was increased in 'Mountain Spring' tomato seedlings treated with either B. bassiana 11-98 or BotaniGard when challenged with the pathogen, but no similar effects were observed in 'Celebrity' seedlings. There was also an increase in stem diameter in Beauveria-treated 'Mountain Spring' that was not seen in 'Celebrity.' When 'Celebrity' seedlings were grown in media amended with 'Puerto Purification, ' there was a significant decrease in disease index when challenged with the pathogen. This effect was not observed in 'Mountain Spring, ' 'Violet Queen' had negative effects on 'Celebrity' seedling growth, seen as a decrease of survival and increase in disease index. Treatment with PGPR had no significant effects in either cultivar. The second part of this research investigated dried, ground leaves (herbage) from 16 Monarda varieties as amendments for biological control against Pythium damping-off in tomato. The objectives of this study were to determine the following: (i) if Monarda essential oil constituents could inhibit growth of P. myriotylum in vitro; (ii) if herbage amendments could suppress Pythium damping-off; (iii) if herbage amendments had any adverse or beneficial effects on tomato seedling growth. When essential oil constituents of Monarda were tested for toxicity against P. myriotylum, thymol and carvacrol inhibited mycelial growth at low and high concentrations (5 and 50 [mu] l, respectively). GC-MS analysis of the herbage used in this study showed concentration of thymol and carvacrol to be variable among varieties. 'Croftway Pink' was high in thymol; 'Sioux' was approximately equal in thymol, carvacrol, and the sesquiterpene thymoquinone. 'Mohawk' had a high concentration of thymoquinone and Rose Geranium had no detectible amounts of thymol, carvacrol, or thymoquinone. Treatments with four of sixteen Monarda varieties were successful in decreasing disease index and increasing survival of 'Mountain Spring' seedlings when challenged with the pathogen. 'Croftway Pink' dominated the varieties with significantly increased shoot height, stem diameter, and survival, as well as decreased disease index in tomato seedlings. Three other amendments, 'Sioux', 'Mohawk', and Rose Geranium, had no negative effects on seedling growth and increased seedling survival.
Pythium
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Author : Mahendra Rai
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-01-28
Pythium written by Mahendra Rai and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-28 with Science categories.
Pythium is one of the most important phytopathogens causing significant damage to agriculture, forest, and nurseries, etc. It is an unseen enemy of the root zone of various plants and hence considered as "hidden terror" for a number of plants. An accurate diagnosis and identification of Pythium causing various infections in plants is very important because it is often confused with several other fungi. Pythium infections are difficult to control once they have set in. Therefore, its effective and ecofriendly management is of paramount importance. In addition, there are many reports on Pythium causing infections in human beings and animals. The present book on Pythium focuses on various aspects which mainly include pathogenesis, technological developments in detection and diagnosis, and its management. Key Features Includes identification of Pythium spp. by traditional and molecular methods Deals with different diseases caused by Pythium spp Describes the role of Pythium in mammalian diseases Incorporates various management strategies Discusses emerging role of nanotechnological tools for the management of Pythium diseases
Plant Diseases And Their Management In Organic Agriculture
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
Release Date : 2015
Plant Diseases And Their Management In Organic Agriculture written by and has been published by American Phytopathological Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Introduction To Plant Diseases
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Author : George B. Lucas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Introduction To Plant Diseases written by George B. Lucas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Every year we see a remarkable increase in scientific knowledge. We are learning more each day about the world around us, about the numerous biological organisms of the biosphere, about the physical and chemical processes that shaped and continue to change our planet. The cataloging, retrieval, dissemination, and use of this new information along with the continued development of new computer technology provide some of the most challenging problems in science as we enter the Information Age. With the explosion of knowledge in science, it is especially important that students in introductory courses learn not only the basic material of a subject, but also about the newest developments in that subject. With this goal in mind, we have prepared a second edition of Introduction to Plant Diseases: Identification and Management. We prepared this edition with the same general purpose that we had for the first edition - to provide practical, up-to-date information that helps in the successful management of diseases on food, fiber, and landscape plants for students who do not have a strong background in the biological sciences. We included new information on (1) the precise identification of diseases and the pathogens that cause them, (2) the development of epidemics of plant diseases, (3) the application of biotechnology in plant pathology, (4) the use of alternative methods of crop production and disease management that help protect the environment, and (5) diseases that have become more important since the first edition was published.
Bibliography Of Agriculture With Subject Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Bibliography Of Agriculture With Subject Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Agriculture categories.
Bacteria In Agrobiology Crop Ecosystems
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Author : Dinesh K. Maheshwari
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-04-19
Bacteria In Agrobiology Crop Ecosystems written by Dinesh K. Maheshwari and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-19 with Science categories.
The future of agriculture strongly depends on our ability to enhance productivity without sacrificing long-term production potential. An ecologically and economically sustainable strategy is the application of microorganisms, such as the diverse bacterial species of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). The use of these bio-resources for the enhancement of crop productivity is gaining worldwide importance. Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Ecosystems describes the beneficial role of plant growth promoting bacteria with special emphasis on oil yielding crops, cereals, fruits and vegetables. Chapters present studies on various aspects of bacteria-plant interactions, soil-borne and seed-borne diseases associated with food crops such as rice, sesame, peanuts, and horticultural crops. Further reviews describe technologies to produce inoculants, the biocontrol of post harvest pathogens as a suitable alternative to agrochemicals, and the restoration of degraded soils.
Recent Advances In Crop Protection
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Author : P.Parvatha Reddy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-14
Recent Advances In Crop Protection written by P.Parvatha Reddy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-14 with Science categories.
In the recent years, the need to increase food production to meet the demands of rapidly increasing population from a limited land resource necessitated the use of intensive farming systems, with the inputs like narrow genetic base, high dose of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, monocropping, etc. which led to the development of diseases and pest. The effect of changing global climate, particularly the sharp increase in CO2 concentration, has increased the susceptibility of plants to pathogens and pests. Because of the chemicalization of agriculture, the age-old eco-friendly pest management practices like sanitation, crop rotation, mixed cropping, adjustment of date of planting, fallowing, summer ploughing, green manuring, composting, etc. are not being practiced, affecting the crops adversely. This has encouraged researchers to look for eco-friendly and novel approaches for pest management. The information on recent advances in crop protection (involving bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, mites and weeds) is scattered. The book delves upon the most latest developments in crop protection such as avermectins, bacteriophages, biofumigation, biotechnological approaches; bio-priming of seeds; disguising the leaf surface; use of non-pathogenic strains, plant defense activators, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, pathogenesis-related proteins, strobilurin fungicides, RNA interference, and variety of mixtures/cultivar mixtures/multilines; soil solarization; biointensive integrated pest management; among several others (fusion protein-based biopesticides, seed mat technology and environmental methods). This book is a ready reference for students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers and extension workers.