Evaluation Of The Heterotic Potential Of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Adapted To The Southern Africa Region
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Evaluation Of The Heterotic Potential Of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Adapted To The Southern Africa Region
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Author : Leo Thokoza Mpofu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Evaluation Of The Heterotic Potential Of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Adapted To The Southern Africa Region written by Leo Thokoza Mpofu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in Africa is widespread with low yields due to low inputs and the lack of sorghum hybrids. This situation has forced most of these farmers to grow maize hybrids since they are readily available in the seed market. Sorghum hybrids could be used if their potential was demonstrated. The objective of this study is to document the level of heterosis in Southern Africa sorghum germplasm. The performance of 52 F1 grain sorghum hybrids and their parental lines was evaluated in four environments. Measurements for grain yield, panicle exsertion, days to mid anthesis and plant height were analyzed to obtain estimates of high parent heterosis. High parent heterosis was observed to be 37.18% for yield, 82.77% for exsertion, 0.02% for days to mid anthesis and 23.7% for height. ICSR-939 and (87EON366*90EON328)-LD30 can be used as testers to develop more female lines for further hybrid seed production in breeding programs because they had the highest general combining ability. Protein content averaged 11.69%. ATx635 had significantly higher protein content than ATx631 (13.49% compared to 9.69%, respectively) and its hybrids had more protein than ATx631 hybrids (11.6% compared to 10.67% for ATx631). Mean heterosis for protein content was negative at -12.5%. This shows that hybrids had lower protein content than their parents since protein content is negatively correlated to grain yield ( -0.35**). Starch content averaged 72.13% and ATx631 hybrids had more starch than ATx635 hybrids (73.16 compared to 72.37% respectively). Two hybrids, ATx. 631/(87EON366*90EON328)-LD30 and ATx631/ ((TAM428*SV1)*CE151)-LD3 had the highest yields (5.04 t/ha and 4.93 t/ha, respectively). These hybrids also had small grains with good hardness and acceptable whiteness. They had good exsertion, flowered in good time and had acceptable plant heights. These two hybrids were compared to regional check varieties Macia and Tegemeo for all traits and they were either superior or within an acceptable range. These two hybrids are therefore recommended for release in the region. There is need therefore to start working on the various components of seed systems in the region so that seed of these two hybrids is made available to farmers who need the seed.
Master S Theses Directories
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Master S Theses Directories written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
"Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Breeding And Evaluation Of Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Hybrids For Adaptation Using Base Metabolic Temperature Bmt As A Selection Tool
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Author : Jose Armando Valdes Gutierrez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Breeding And Evaluation Of Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Hybrids For Adaptation Using Base Metabolic Temperature Bmt As A Selection Tool written by Jose Armando Valdes Gutierrez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Hybrid sorghum categories.
Genetics And Exploitation Of Heterosis In Crops
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Author : J. G. Coors
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Genetics And Exploitation Of Heterosis In Crops written by J. G. Coors and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Electronic books categories.
Explore the momentous contributions of hybrid crop varieties with worldwide experts. Topics include an overview, quantitative genetics, genetic diversity, biochemistry and molecular biology, methodologies, commercial strategies, and examples from numerous crops.
Gge Biplot Analysis
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Author : Weikai Yan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-08-28
Gge Biplot Analysis written by Weikai Yan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08-28 with Mathematics categories.
Research data is expensive and precious, yet it is seldom fully utilized due to our ability of comprehension. Graphical display is desirable, if not absolutely necessary, for fully understanding large data sets with complex interconnectedness and interactions. The newly developed GGE biplot methodology is a superior approach to the graphical analys
Phenotyping For Plant Breeding
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Author : Siva Kumar Panguluri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-09
Phenotyping For Plant Breeding written by Siva Kumar Panguluri and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-09 with Science categories.
Plant phenotyping is the thorough assessment of plant traits such as growth, development, adaptation, yield, quality, tolerance, resistance, architecture, and the basic measurement of individual quantitative parameters that form the basis for understanding of traits. Genetic approaches to understand plant growth and development have always benefitted from phenotyping techniques that are simple, rapid and measurable in units. The forward genetics approach is all about understanding the trait inheritance using the phenotypic data and in most cases it is the mutant phenotypes that formed the basis for understanding of gene functions. With rapid advancement of genotyping techniques, high throughput genotyping has become a reality at costs people never imagined to be that low, but the phenotypic methods did not receive same attention. However, without quality phenotyping data the genotyping data cannot be effectively put to use in plant improvement. Therefore efforts are underway to develop high-throughput phenotyping methods in plants to keep pace with revolutionary advancement in genotyping techniques to enhance the efficiency of crop improvement programs. Keeping this in mind, we described in this book the best phenomic tools available for trait improvement in some of the world’s most important crop plants.
Genetics Genomics And Breeding Of Sorghum
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Author : Yi-Hong Wang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-07-08
Genetics Genomics And Breeding Of Sorghum written by Yi-Hong Wang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-08 with Science categories.
Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each
Drought Stress In Maize Zea Mays L
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Author : Muhammad Aslam
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-28
Drought Stress In Maize Zea Mays L written by Muhammad Aslam and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-28 with Science categories.
This book focuses on early germination, one of maize germplasm most important strategies for adapting to drought-induced stress. Some genotypes have the ability to adapt by either reducing water losses or by increasing water uptake. Drought tolerance is also an adaptive strategy that enables crop plants to maintain their normal physiological processes and deliver higher economical yield despite drought stress. Several processes are involved in conferring drought tolerance in maize: the accumulation of osmolytes or antioxidants, plant growth regulators, stress proteins and water channel proteins, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Numerous events in the life of maize crops can be affected by drought stress: germination potential, seedling growth, seedling stand establishment, overall growth and development, pollen and silk development, anthesis silking interval, pollination, and embryo, endosperm and kernel development. Though every maize genotype has the ability to avoid or withstand drought stress, there is a concrete need to improve the level of adaptability to drought stress to address the global issue of food security. The most common biological strategies for improving drought stress resistance include screening available maize germplasm for drought tolerance, conventional breeding strategies, and marker-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding and development of transgenic maize. As a comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress, adaptive strategies and potential breeding tools is the prerequisite for any sound breeding plan, this brief addresses these aspects.
Salinity And Water Stress
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Author : M. Ashraf
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-26
Salinity And Water Stress written by M. Ashraf and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-26 with Science categories.
Salinity and water stress limit crop productivity worldwide and generate substantial economic losses each year, yet innovative research on crop and natural resource management can reveal cost-effective ways in which farmers can increase both their productivity and their income. Presenting recent research findings on salt stress, water stress and stress-adapted plants, this book offers insights into new strategies for increasing the efficiency of crops under stressful environments. The strategies are based on conventional breeding and advanced molecular techniques used by plant physiologists, and are discussed using specific case studies to illustrate their potential. The book emphasizes the effects of environmental factors on specific stages of plant development, and discusses the role of plant growth regulators, nutrients, osmoprotectants and antioxidants in counteracting their adverse affects. Synthesising updated information on mechansisms of stress tolerance at cell, tissue and whole-plant level, this book provides a useful reference text for post graduate students and researchers involved in the fields of stress physiology and plant physiology in general, with additional readership amongst researchers in horticulture, agronomy, crop science, conservation, environmental management and ecological restoration.
Crop Stress And Its Management Perspectives And Strategies
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Author : B. Venkateswarlu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-22
Crop Stress And Its Management Perspectives And Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.