Evaporation Of Water With Emphasis On Applications And Measurements
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Evaporation Of Water With Emphasis On Applications And Measurements
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Author : Frank E. Jones
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-31
Evaporation Of Water With Emphasis On Applications And Measurements written by Frank E. Jones and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-31 with Science categories.
The loss of water from lakes, rivers, oceans, vegetation, and the earth, as well as man-made structures such as reservoirs and irrigation conduits, is a major concern of hydrologists and irrigation specialists. This loss, compounded by the lack of usable water in some areas, indicates a need for field and laboratory research that will contribute to the understanding of the processes and parameters that comprise and contribute to evaporation.This book emphasizes the process of the air-water interface and discusses such important topics as evaporation and condensation coefficients of water, heat and mass transfer, surface temperature, interfacial tension, convection, diffusion, thermal gradients, wind-generated waves, and the roles that these processes play in evaporation. The book also discusses subjects such as methods for suppressing evaporation using films, water vapor distribution, wind tunnel investigations, evaporation from water drops, preparation of pure water, molecular diffusion, the eddy-correlation method, and evaporation estimation methods. The book will be of considerable value to hydrologists, irrigation specialists, meteorologists, civil engineers, chemical engineers, hydraulic engineers, water resources specialists, water conservation specialists, geophysicists, environmental engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the evaporation of water and its consequences.
Evaporation Of Water With Emphasis On Applications And Measurements
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Author : Frank E. Jones
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-31
Evaporation Of Water With Emphasis On Applications And Measurements written by Frank E. Jones and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-31 with Science categories.
The loss of water from lakes, rivers, oceans, vegetation, and the earth, as well as man-made structures such as reservoirs and irrigation conduits, is a major concern of hydrologists and irrigation specialists. This loss, compounded by the lack of usable water in some areas, indicates a need for field and laboratory research that will contribute to the understanding of the processes and parameters that comprise and contribute to evaporation.This book emphasizes the process of the air-water interface and discusses such important topics as evaporation and condensation coefficients of water, heat and mass transfer, surface temperature, interfacial tension, convection, diffusion, thermal gradients, wind-generated waves, and the roles that these processes play in evaporation. The book also discusses subjects such as methods for suppressing evaporation using films, water vapor distribution, wind tunnel investigations, evaporation from water drops, preparation of pure water, molecular diffusion, the eddy-correlation method, and evaporation estimation methods. The book will be of considerable value to hydrologists, irrigation specialists, meteorologists, civil engineers, chemical engineers, hydraulic engineers, water resources specialists, water conservation specialists, geophysicists, environmental engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the evaporation of water and its consequences.
Evaporation And Evapotranspiration
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Author : Wossenu Abtew
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-28
Evaporation And Evapotranspiration written by Wossenu Abtew and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-28 with Science categories.
The book is a thorough presentation of theoretical and applied aspects of the evaporation and evapotranspiration process supported by data from experimental studies. It is written in a way that the theoretical background of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation is presented in a simplified manner, comprehensive to most technical readers. The book deals with details of meteorological parameters and monitoring sensors which are needed for estimating evaporation and evapotranspiration. Errors in meteorological parameter measurements are also presented. Estimation errors, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of a wide range of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation methods are presented along with samples of application to a certain region. Application of newer simpler methods is presented. A new technology, remote sensing application to evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation, is presented. The latest interest in the subject, climate change and evapotranspiration is presented in the last chapter. This book will be beneficial to students, hydrologists, engineers, meteorologists, water managers and others.
Measurement Of Evaporation From Land And Water Surfaces
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Author : Charles Warren Thornthwaite
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1942
Measurement Of Evaporation From Land And Water Surfaces written by Charles Warren Thornthwaite and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1942 with Evaporation categories.
Evaporation Into The Atmosphere
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Author : W. Brutsaert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Evaporation Into The Atmosphere written by W. Brutsaert and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
The phenomenon of evaporation in the natural environment is of interest in various diverse disciplines. This book is an attempt to present a coherent and organized introduction to theoretical concepts and relationships useful in analyzing this phe nomenon, and to give an outline of their history and their application. The main objective is to provide a better understanding of evaporation, and to connect some of the approaches and paradigms, that have been developed in different disciplines concerned with this phenomenon. The book is intended for professional scientists and engineers, who are active in hydrology, meteorology, agronomy, oceanography, climatology and related environ mental fields, and who wish to study prevailing concepts on evaporation. At the same time, I hope that the book will be useful to workers in fluid dynamics, who want to become acquainted with applications to an important and interesting natural phenomenon. As suggested in its subtitle, the book consists of three major parts. The first, consisting of Chapters I and 2, gives a general ouline of the problem and a history of the theories of evaporation from ancient times through the end of the nineteenth century. This history is far from exhaustive, but it sket~hes the background and the ideas that led directly to the scientific revolution in Europe and, ultimately, to our present-day knowledge.
Tracer Measurement Of River Evaporation
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Author : Yun L. Lau
language : en
Publisher: Burlington, Ont. : Inland Waters Directorate, Canada Centre for Inland Waters
Release Date : 1977
Tracer Measurement Of River Evaporation written by Yun L. Lau and has been published by Burlington, Ont. : Inland Waters Directorate, Canada Centre for Inland Waters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Evaporation categories.
"Experiments were performed in a small wind tunnel in which the wind blew over a basin of water containing tritium. The evaporation rates for water vapour and tritium were measured. The results show that the wind function for water evaporation and that for tritium evaporation were affected to about the same degree by turbulence in the air. However, turbulence in the water greatly increased the tritium evaporation but not the water evaporation rate. The application of the laboratory measurements to the development of a method For measuring river evaporation is discussed"--Abstract.
Evaporation And Evapotranspiration
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Author : Wossenu Abtew
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-08-28
Evaporation And Evapotranspiration written by Wossenu Abtew and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-28 with Science categories.
The book is a thorough presentation of theoretical and applied aspects of the evaporation and evapotranspiration process supported by data from experimental studies. It is written in a way that the theoretical background of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation is presented in a simplified manner, comprehensive to most technical readers. The book deals with details of meteorological parameters and monitoring sensors which are needed for estimating evaporation and evapotranspiration. Errors in meteorological parameter measurements are also presented. Estimation errors, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of a wide range of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation methods are presented along with samples of application to a certain region. Application of newer simpler methods is presented. A new technology, remote sensing application to evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation, is presented. The latest interest in the subject, climate change and evapotranspiration is presented in the last chapter. This book will be beneficial to students, hydrologists, engineers, meteorologists, water managers and others.
A Practical Field Technique For Measuring Reservoir Evaporation Utilizing Mass Transfer Theory
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Author : Guy Earl Harbeck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
A Practical Field Technique For Measuring Reservoir Evaporation Utilizing Mass Transfer Theory written by Guy Earl Harbeck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Evaporation (Meteorology) categories.
Evaporation from many resevoirs can be computed from records of reservoir stage, wind speed, humidity, and water-surface temperature.
Measurements Of Evaporation Kinetics Of Pure Water And Salt Solutions
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Author : Walter Drisdell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Measurements Of Evaporation Kinetics Of Pure Water And Salt Solutions written by Walter Drisdell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The kinetics of vapor-liquid exchange in water are poorly understood, yet may be critically important in predicting changes in Earth's climate and understanding the water isotope record preserved in ice cores . In this thesis we present measurements of the kinetics of water evaporation. In Chapter 1 we review recent work on the subject, including our own liquid microjet technique which has higher precision than other methods. In Chapter 2 we extend our earlier measurements of the evaporation kinetics of H2O by studying pure D2O. We find that the evaporation coefficient, which can be thought of as the percentage of evaporation "attempts" which succeed, is identical for the two isotopomers. We interpret this result using a previously developed transition state theory (TST) model of evaporation, which predicts the respective evaporation coefficients to be equal due to competing energetic and entropic effects. In Chapter 3, we examine the evaporation kinetics of H2O evaporating from 3M ammonium sulfate solution. Ammonium sulfate was selected as it is the largest inorganic component of anthropogenic aerosol in the atmosphere. Again we find that the evaporation coefficient is unchanged relative to pure water. This is consistent with theoretical and experimental studies suggesting that both the ammonium ion and sulfate ion are repelled from the air-water interface, implying that these ions will not directly interact with evaporating water molecules. This result also suggests that inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol are unlikely to significantly affect evaporation kinetics. In Chapter 4 we examine the evaporation kinetics of H2O from 4M sodium perchlorate solution. Perchlorate was selected as it is expected to be strongly enhanced in concentration at the air-water interface, and therefore more likely to directly influence the evaporation process. We find that the evaporation coefficient for this system is ̃25% smaller than that for pure H2O, indicating that the perchlorate ions do indeed impede evaporation. Given experimental evidence for the perchlorate ion slowing the rotational motions of H2O molecules in its first solvation shell, and our TST predictions indicating that the evaporation kinetics of water are highly sensitive to the hindered rotational motions of surface water molecules, we suggest that perchlorate ions at the interface are inhibiting the evaporation of H2O molecules with which they are in direct contact. This result suggests that other surface-enhanced ions may also affect the evaporation kinetics through direct interactions with evaporating molecules and opens several interesting new avenues of study, which are discussed in Chapter 5.
Water Vapor Measurement
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Author : Pieter R. Wiederhold
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-01-25
Water Vapor Measurement written by Pieter R. Wiederhold and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-25 with Science categories.
Offering all aspects of humidity measurement and instrumentation, this work includes rudiments and theory, common applications, advantages and limitations of frequently-used sensors and techniques, and guidelines for installation, maintenance and calibration. The disk is intended for easy conversions of humidity parameters and units.