Executive Functioning And Working Memory As A Unitary Construct Predicting Visual And Verbal Memory
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Executive Functioning And Working Memory As A Unitary Construct Predicting Visual And Verbal Memory
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Author : Viktoriya Samarina
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Executive Functioning And Working Memory As A Unitary Construct Predicting Visual And Verbal Memory written by Viktoriya Samarina and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Attention categories.
In conclusion, the present study supports previous findings that working memory and executive functioning are a unitary construct called executive attention, which underlines late-life verbal and visual memory performance. The current study implements the use of neuropsychological tests that are more suitable for older adults in clinical rather than experimental settings and implies the importance of further understanding of the relationship between working memory and executive functioning.
Executive Functioning And Working Memory As A Unitary Construct In Predicting Verbal Memory In Psychotic And Nonpsychotic Major Depression
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Author : Lainie F. Posecion
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Executive Functioning And Working Memory As A Unitary Construct In Predicting Verbal Memory In Psychotic And Nonpsychotic Major Depression written by Lainie F. Posecion and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Cognition categories.
This study had several limitations, including using an archival outpatient sample and limited demographic variables in the model. Future research could include additional variables such as gender and education in the model. Understanding the relationships among executive function, working memory, and verbal memory using more ecologically valid tests may help with clarity in neurophychological evaluations. Keywords: psychotic major depression, major depression, executive functioning, verbal memory, executive attention, working memory
Working Memory Capacity
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Author : Nelson Cowan
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Psychology categories.
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Working Memory
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Author : Robert Logie
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2021-01-05
Working Memory written by Robert Logie and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-05 with Medical categories.
Working memory refers to how we keep track of what we are doing moment to moment throughout our waking lives. This book brings together in one volume, state-of-the-science chapters written by the most productive and well known working memory researchers worldwide.
Working Memory And Language
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Author : Susan E. Gathercole
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-04
Working Memory And Language written by Susan E. Gathercole and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-04 with Psychology categories.
This book evaluates the involvement of working memory in five central aspects of language processing: vocabulary acquisition, speech production, reading development, skilled reading, and comprehension. The authors draw upon experimental, neuropsychological and developmental evidence in a wide-ranging evaluation of the contribution of two components of working memory to each aspect of language. The two components are the phonological loop, which is specialised for the processing and maintenance of verbal material, and the general-purpose processing system of the central executive. A full introduction to the application of the working memory model to normal adults, neuropsychological patients and children is provided in the two opening chapters. Non-experts within this area will find these chapters particularly useful in providing a clear statement of the current theoretical and empirical status of the working memory model. Each of the following chapters examines the involvement of working memory in one specialised aspect of language processing, in each case integrating the available experimental, neuropsychological and developmental evidence. The book will therefore be of direct relevance to researchers interested in both language processing and memory. Working Memory and Language is unique in that it draws together findings from normal adults, brain-damaged patients, and children. For each of these populations, working memory involvement in language processing ranging from the speech production to comprehension are evaluated. Working Memory and Language provides a comprehensive analysis of just what roles working memory does play in the processing of language.
The Role Of Working Memory And Executive Function In Communication Under Adverse Conditions
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Author : Mary Rudner
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-06-20
The Role Of Working Memory And Executive Function In Communication Under Adverse Conditions written by Mary Rudner and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-20 with Electronic book categories.
Communication is vital for social participation. However, communication often takes place under suboptimal conditions. This makes communication harder and less reliable, leading at worst to social isolation. In order to promote participation, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying communication in different situations. Human communication is often speech based, either oral or written, but may also involve gesture, either accompanying speech or in the form of sign language. For communication to be achieved, a signal generated by one person has to be perceived by another person, attended to, comprehended and responded to. This process may be hindered by adverse conditions including factors that may be internal to the sender (e.g. incomplete or idiosyncratic language production), occur during transmission (e.g. background noise or signal processing) or be internal to the receiver (e.g. poor grasp of the language or sensory impairment). The extent to which these factors interact to generate adverse conditions may differ across the lifespan. Recent work has shown that successful speech communication under adverse conditions is associated with good cognitive capacity including efficient working memory and executive abilities such as updating and inhibition. Further, frontoparietal networks associated with working memory and executive function have been shown to be activated to a greater degree when it is harder to achieve speech comprehension. To date, less work has focused on sign language communication under adverse conditions or the role of gestures accompanying speech communication under adverse conditions. It has been proposed that the role of working memory in communication under such conditions is to keep fragments of an incomplete signal in mind, updating them as appropriate and inhibiting irrelevant information, until an adequate match can be achieved with lexical and semantic representations held in long term memory. Recent models of working memory highlight an episodic buffer whose role is the multimodal integration of information from the senses and long term memory. It is likely that the episodic buffer plays a key role in communication under adverse conditions. The aim of this research topic is to draw together multiple perspectives on communication under adverse conditions including empirical and theoretical approaches. This will facilitate a scientific exchange among individual scientists and groups studying different aspects of communication under adverse conditions and/or the role of cognition in communication. As such, this topic belongs firmly within the field of Cognitive Hearing Science. Exchange of ideas among scientists with different perspectives on these issues will allow researchers to identify and highlight the way in which different internal and external factors interact to make communication in different modalities more or less successful across the lifespan. Such exchange is the forerunner of broader dissemination of results which ultimately, may make it possible to take measures to reduce adverse conditions, thus facilitating communication. Such measures might be implemented in relation to the built environment, the design of hearing aids and public awareness.
Visuo Spatial Working Memory
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Author : Robert H. Logie
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1995
Visuo Spatial Working Memory written by Robert H. Logie and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Psychology categories.
Representation of the visual and spatial properties of our environment is a pivotal requirement of everyday cognition. We can mentally represent the visual form of objects. We can extract information from several of the senses as to the location of objects in relation to ourselves and to other objects nearby. For some of those objects we can reach out and manipulate them. We can also imagine ourselves manipulating objects in advance of doing so, or even when it would be impossible to do so physically. The problem posed to science is how these cognitive operations are accomplished, and proffered accounts lie in two essentially parallel research endeavours, working memory and imagery. Working memory is thought to pervade everyday cognition, to provide on-line processing and temporary storage, and to update, moment to moment, our representation of the current state of our environment and our interactions with that environment. There is now a strong case for the claims of working memory in the area of phonological and articulatory functions, all of which appear to contribute to everyday activities such as counting, arithmetic, vocabulary acquisition, and some aspects of reading and language comprehension. The claims for visual and spatial working memory functions are less convincing. Most notable has been the assumption that visual and spatial working memory are intimately involved in the generation, retention and manipulations of visual images. There has until recently been little hard evidence to justify that assumption, and the research on visual and spatial working memory has focused on a relatively restricted range of imagery tasks and phenomena. In a more or less independent development, the literature on visual imagery has now amassed a voluminous corpus of data and theory about a wide range of imagery phenomena. Despite this, few books on imagery refer to the concept of working memory in any detail, or specify the nature of the working memory system that might be involved in mental imagery. This essay follows a line of reconciliation and positive critiquing in exploring the possible overlap between mental imagery and working memory. Theoretical development in the book draws on data from both cognitive psychology and cognitive neuropsychology. The aim is to stimulate debate, to address directly a number of assumptions that hitherto have been implicit, and to assess the contribution of the concept of working memory to our understanding of these intriguing core aspects of human cognition.
Variation In Working Memory
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Author : Andrew Conway
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-02-03
Variation In Working Memory written by Andrew Conway and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-03 with Psychology categories.
Working memory--the ability to keep important information in mind while comprehending, thinking, and acting--varies considerably from person to person and changes dramatically during each person's life. Understanding such individual and developmental differences is crucial because working memory is a major contributor to general intellectual functioning. This volume offers a state-of-the-art, integrative, and comprehensive approach to understanding variation in working memory by presenting explicit, detailed comparisons of the leading theories. It incorporates views from the different research groups that operate on each side of the Atlantic, and covers working-memory research on a wide variety of populations, including healthy adults, children with and without learning difficulties, older adults, and adults and children with neurological disorders. A particular strength of this volume is that each research group explicitly addresses the same set of theoretical questions, from the perspective of both their own theoretical and experimental work and from the perspective of relevant alternative approaches. Through these questions, each research group considers their overarching theory of working memory, specifies the critical sources of working memory variation according to their theory, reflects on the compatibility of their approach with other approaches, and assesses their contribution to general working memory theory. This shared focus across chapters unifies the volume and highlights the similarities and differences among the various theories. Each chapter includes both a summary of research positions and a detailed discussion of each position. Variation in Working Memory achieves coherence across its chapters, while presenting the entire range of current theoretical and experimental approaches to variation in working memory.
The Cognitive Neuroscience Of Working Memory
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Author : Naoyuki Osaka
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Cognitive Neuroscience Of Working Memory written by Naoyuki Osaka and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Philosophy categories.
It is only relatively recently that it has been possible to study the neural processes that might underlie working memory, leading to a proliferation of research in this domain. This volume brings together leading researchers from around the world to summarise current knowledge of this field.
Working Memory In Perspective
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Author : Jackie Andrade
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2002-06-01
Working Memory In Perspective written by Jackie Andrade and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-06-01 with Psychology categories.
The Baddeley and Hitch (1974) Working Memory model holds a central place in experimental psychology and continues to be extremely successful in guiding and stimulating research in applied and theoretical domains. Yet the model now faces challenges from conflicting data and competing theories. In this book, experienced researchers in the field address the question: Will the model survive these challenges? They explain why it is so successful, evaluate its weaknesses with respect to opposing data and theories and present their vision of the future of the model in their particular area of research. The book includes a discussion of the "Episodic Buffer" component which has recently been added to the working memory model. The result is a comprehensive and critical assessment of the working memory model and its contribution to current research in human cognition, cognitive development, neuroscience and computational modelling. Furthermore, this collection serves as a case study to illustrate the range of factors that determine the success or failure of a theory and as a forum for discussing what researchers want from scientific theories. The book begins with an accessible introduction to the model for those new to the field and explains the empirical methods used in working memory research. It concludes by highlighting areas of consensus and suggesting a programme of research to address issues of continuing controversy. Working Memory in Perspective will be a valuable resource to students and researchers alike in the fields of human memory, language, thought and cognitive development.