Expansion Of The Government Procurement Agreement
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Expansion Of The Government Procurement Agreement
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Author : Junsok Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Expansion Of The Government Procurement Agreement written by Junsok Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) was designed to liberalize and expand trade in government procurement. Revised GPA was implemented in 1996 and the latest revision was completed (but not yet implemented) in 2012, but as a plurilateral agreement. Since the end of the UR, there has been attempts by various WTO members to liberalize trade in the government procurement market - through an expansion of Parties who are signatories to GPA, and through a negotiated agreement on transparency in government procurement. The attempt to expand the Parties who are signatories to the GPA - attempt to increase the width of the coverage of the agreement - has been somewhat successful, but I argue that the goal should be to further liberate the government procurement markets of the current Party members - to reduce thresholds and other barriers which limit market access even to other GPA members, in other words, to increase the depth of coverage. Taking cue from Korea's FTA, I propose a two-level liberalization of the government procurement market under the GPA: A “light” level which would be the same as the current level of liberalization; and a “deep” level with lower thresholds and less exemptions. I argue that, as seen in Korea, with FTAs, many GPA Parties already have multiple levels of liberalization (i.e, spaghetti-bowl effect of FTAs), but by limiting the levels of liberalization to two, we can seek the best of deep liberalization but reduce the spaghetti-bowl effect.
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Acuerdos arancelarios categories.
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement Expanding Disciplines Declining Membership
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Author : Petros C. Mavroidis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement Expanding Disciplines Declining Membership written by Petros C. Mavroidis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
March 1995 The authors analyze the new Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) that was negotiated between a subset of General Agreement on Tariffs an Trade (GATT) members in the Uruguay Round, focusing especially on the expansion of coverage to services and on the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms. Coverage objective were substantially achieved, although commitments contain many exceptions for services. The transparency of signatories' procurement practices was enhanced and enforcement provisions were strengthened, particularly by the introduction of a bid-protest challenge mechanism, which allows private parties (firms) to invoke the Agreement before national courts. (A potential problem: domestic courts could produce divergent interpretations of the GPA). Unlike most of the other Tokyo Round codes - for example, the agreements on technical barriers to trade (standards), import licensing, customs valuation, subsidies, and antidumping - the GPA could not be multilateralized. Its disciplines apply only to World Trade Organization (WTO) members that have signed it. Public procurement represents a major source of demand for goods and services in most countries. Getting domestic procurement policies right can therefore have major effects on welfare. And improving developing countries' access to global procurement markets could help induce governments to adopt multilateral rules, if those could be shown to be in their interests. The authors explore why only a limited number of countries have signed the GPA. They suggest the pursuit of tariffication as one avenue through which the Agreement might be expanded to cover all WTO members. In the process, the GPA could be improved economically by eliminating current provisions that allow for measures with quota-like effects, and by weakening incentives to seek absolute sector-by-sector reciprocity.
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement
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Author : Bernard Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The World Trade Organization S Agreement On Government Procurement written by Bernard Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
March 1995The authors analyze the new Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) that was negotiated between a subset of General Agreement on Tariffs an Trade (GATT) members in the Uruguay Round, focusing especially on the expansion of coverage to services and on the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms. Coverage objectives were substantially achieved, although commitments contain many exceptions for services. The transparency of signatories - procurement practices was enhanced and enforcement provisions were strengthened, particularly by the introduction of a bid-protest challenge mechanism, which allows private parties (firms) to invoke the Agreement before national courts. (A potential problem: domestic courts could produce divergent interpretations of the GPA). Unlike most of the other Tokyo Round codes - for example, the agreements on technical barriers to trade (standards), import licensing, customs valuation, subsidies, and antidumping - the GPA could not be multilateralized. Its disciplines apply only to World Trade Organization (WTO) members that have signed it. Public procurement represents a major source of demand for goods and services in most countries. Getting domestic procurement policies right can therefore have major effects on welfare. And improving developing countries - access to global procurement markets could help induce governments to adopt multilateral rules, if those could be shown to be in their interests. The authors explore why only a limited number of countries have signed the GPA. They suggest the pursuit of tariffication as one avenue through which the Agreement might be expanded to cover all WTO members. In the process, the GPA could be improved economically by eliminating current provisions that allow for measures with quota-like effects, and by weakening incentives to seek absolute sector-by-sector reciprocity.
The Agreement On Government Procurement
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Agreement On Government Procurement written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Government publications categories.
The Wto S Agreement On Government Procurement
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Wto S Agreement On Government Procurement written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Law And Policy In Public Purchasing
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Law And Policy In Public Purchasing written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The Government Procurement Act (GPA) aims to subject public purchasing to international competition. However, many developing countries, along with others such as Australia and New Zealand, have refused to join the GPA on the grounds that it is not in their best interest. This volume examines the GPA and discusses what could be done to improve it with a view to expanding its membership. The contributors focus on four broad issues: the negotiating history, content, and operation of the GPA; the economics of the GPA's rules and disciplines; the implementation of the GPA in domestic legal systems; and, finally, possible alternatives to - and improvements on - the current set of multilateral rules and disciplines. Offering the most comprehensive assessment of the subject available, the volume will be of interest to scholars of international trade, as well as people whose work involves them in government procurement - from the buyers and sellers of goods and services to those concerned with legal aspects of public purchasing.
Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement
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Author : Ian F. Fergusson
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11
Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement written by Ian F. Fergusson and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11 with Business & Economics categories.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is a free trade agreement that includes nations on both sides of the Pacific. The existing TPP, which originally came into effect in 2006, consists of Brunei, Chile, New Zealand, and Singapore. The U.S., Peru, Australia, and Vietnam have committed themselves to joining and expanding this group. Contents of this report: (1) Origins; (2) Existing and Potential Membership; (3) Congressional Reactions to the TPP; (4) U.S. Objectives and Interests; (5) Context with Other Regional Architectures; (6) U.S. Trade with Current Trans-Pacific Partner Countries; (7) Controversies: Agr. Products; Dairy; Beef; Intellectual Property Rights; Environ. and Labor; Pharmaceuticals; Gov¿t. Procurement; Trade Promotion Authority.
Public Procurement In The Transatlantic Trade And Investment Partnership Negotiations
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Author : Stephen Woolcock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Public Procurement In The Transatlantic Trade And Investment Partnership Negotiations written by Stephen Woolcock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Agreement on Government Procurement categories.
For more than 20 years, the United States and the European Union have engaged in often contentious negotiations over access to government procurement. The EU is dissatisfied with the level of procurement that the US has opened under the WTO Government Procurement Agreement and, as a consequence, it does not give the US its most comprehensive coverage. The US has been constrained in responding to the EU's requests for greater access, especially to state procurement, by both its federal structure of government and by domestic purchasing requirements. At the current time, neither party has proposed a way to break the impasse. This paper reviews the current state of affairs between the US and the EU on government procurement, examining the procurement that they open to one another and the procurement that they withhold. It then proposes a strategy for the two sides to use the TTIP negotiations to move forward. This strategy includes both steps to expand their current commitments in the TTIP, as well as to develop a longer-term approach by making the TTIP a 'living agreement'. This strategy suggests that the EU and the US could find a way to expand their access to government procurement contracts and at least partially defuse the issue.
The Wto Regime On Government Procurement
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Author : Sue Arrowsmith
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-04-28
The Wto Regime On Government Procurement written by Sue Arrowsmith and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-28 with Law categories.
Originally an important but relatively obscure plurilateral instrument, the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is now becoming a pillar of the WTO system as a result of important developments since the Uruguay Round. This collection examines the issues and challenges that this raises for the GPA, as well as future prospects for addressing government procurement at a multilateral level. Coverage includes issues relating to pending accessions to the GPA, particularly those of developing countries with a large state sector such as China; the revised (provisionally agreed) GPA text of 2006, including provisions on electronic procurement and Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries; and procurement provisions in regional trade agreements and their significance for the multilateral system. Attention is also given to emerging issues, especially those concerning environmental, social and SME policy; competition law; and the implications of the recent economic crisis.