Experimental And Numerical Study On Full Scale Precast Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pipes
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Experimental And Numerical Study On Full Scale Precast Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pipes
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Author : Nedal Mohamed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Experimental And Numerical Study On Full Scale Precast Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pipes written by Nedal Mohamed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Reinforced concrete (RC) pipes are widely used as open channels (non-pressurized pipes) for sewage and storm water conveyance. RC pipes have generally achieved a reliable long-term performance. Depending on multiple parameters (e.g. pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, required strength, etc.) the pipe may have up to three welded reinforcement cages in order to resist anticipated loads. Each cage is an assembled unit of steel reinforcement consisting of circumferential and longitudinal bars or wires. The fabrication process of a steel cage reinforcement is time and labour consuming. Thus, eliminating the steel cage reinforcement will yield an overall reduction in the production cost of precast concrete pipes. Dispersed steel fibres can be an effective alternative for the reinforcement of concrete pipes. The aim of this study is to explore using steel fibres as reinforcement in dry-cast concrete pipes. Mechanical properties of dry-cast steel-fibre reinforced concrete (DCSFRC) fabricated using multiple steel fibre types at various dosages were characterized. Consequently, precast pipes reinforced with Dramix RC-65/35-CN and Dramix RC-80/60-CN fibres at various dosages were fabricated. An extensive experimental program was carried out in order to evaluate the structural performance of the full-scale steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) pipes that were produced in comparison to plain concrete (PC) and RC pipes. Precast pipes had internal diameters of 300, 450, and 600 mm as well as a Type C wall thickness. The structural performance of pipes was characterized using both the continuous and cyclic three-edge-bearing tests (TEBT). Furthermore, the soil-pipe interaction of buried full-scale SFRC pipes was investigated. Finally, a three dimensional non-linear finite element model of the TEBT of SFRC pipes was developed. Subsequently, a parametric study covering multiple pipe configuration and reinforcement parameters was conducted. Results showed that hooked-end fibres with the largest fibre aspect ratio (Dramix RC-80/60-CN) induced the best flexural performance of DCSFRC specimens while crimped fibres (Novocon XR) were the least effective in enhancing the flexural strength and post-peak behaviour of DCSFRC. The load carrying capacity of SFRC pipes increased with increased fibre dosage. Results of the TEBT for 300 mm diameter pipes showed that the reinforcement specified for Class V pipes in ASTM C76 Standard Specification For Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, And Sewer Pipe could be achieved using a steel fibre dosage of 20 kg/m3, while a fibre dosage of 30 kg/m3 was sufficient for 450 and 600 mm diameter pipes to satisfy the same strength class (Class V). Furthermore, provided using a sufficient fibre dosage, SFRC pipes exhibited higher residual strengths and less deformations than that of RC pipes when subjected to small to moderate loading levels. In addition, results showed that using a hybrid system of short (Dramix RC-65/35-CN) and long (Dramix RC-80/60-CN) fibres did not result in synergetic effects. Full-scale testing results of buried SFRC pipes indicated that the pipes could sustain live loads consisting of a fully loaded 625CL Standard Ontario Truck without exhibiting any cracks or significant deformations, even when the pipe was installed in the least quality installation type (Type IV). This indicated that the current design recommendations for the pipe wall thickness in ASTM C76 (Type C wall) are overly conservative. Furthermore, it was found that the post-cracking behaviour of buried SFRC pipes was more sensitive to the installation type than to the type of steel fibre reinforcement. Finally, the findings of the parametric study were presented in a tabular form that can be used as a design aid supplementary to the newly released ASTM C1765 Standard Specification for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe. The experimental findings of this study should assist the precast concrete industry in producing more economical SFRC pipe without the need for costly and time consuming welded steel cage reinforcement. The numerical and analytical study findings provided a simple and rational tool for the design of such SFRC pipes.
Experimental And Numerical Study On Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pipes
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Author : Fouad T. Al Rikabi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Experimental And Numerical Study On Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pipes written by Fouad T. Al Rikabi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Fiber-reinforced concrete categories.
Synthetic fibers have been recently used in a concrete mixture in an attempt to produce a new concrete pipe system, cheaper, lighter, and more flexible than conventional steel reinforced concrete pipes. However, no structural design codes have been introduced for synthetic fiber reinforced concrete pipes evaluation. Also, there is little in the literature regarding synthetic fiber applications in the concrete pipes. The effect of adding two types of synthetic fiber, polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, on the mechanical properties of concrete, including CTE, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength, was investigated. Also, this study focused on the evaluation of the synthetic fiber reinforced concrete pipes performance in terms of ASTM requirements for strength, stiffness, and ductility, and developing design tables for synthetic fiber reinforced concrete pipe similar to those proposed in ASTM C76 standard using the numerical analysis. The performance of the synthetic fiber reinforced concrete pipes were evaluated under short- and long-term loading in accordance with ASTM protocols using different pipe diameters. Fiber dosages ranged from 4.75 to 18 kg/m3 (8 to 30 lb/yd3), and different areas of one steel cage layer were used to reinforce the concrete pipes. The finite element model of the three-edge bearing test was calibrated and validated using the experimental results. The linear and non-linear behavior of the synthetic fiber reinforced concrete material was characterized using the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model. For input data representing the concrete material properties compression strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were determined for five fiber dosages 0, 4.75, 6, 7, and 9 kg/m3 (0, 8, 10, 12, and 15 lb/yd3). The results showed that adding fiber to concrete enhanced the flexural strength, increased flexibility, decreased the dynamic modulus of elasticity, and increased the CTE. Specimens reinforced with PP fiber showed more flexural strength and flexibility than those reinforced with PVA fiber.
Fibre Reinforced Concrete From Design To Structural Applications
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Author : FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton
language : en
Publisher: FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton
Release Date : 2016
Fibre Reinforced Concrete From Design To Structural Applications written by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton and has been published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The FRC-2014 Workshop Fibre Reinforced Concrete: from Design to Structural Applications was the first ACI-fib joint technical event. The Workshop, held at Polytechnique Montreal (Canada) on July 24th and 25th 2014, was attended by 116 participants from 25 countries and 4 continents. The first international FRC workshop was held in Bergamo (Italy) in 2004. At that time, the lack of specific building codes and standards was identified as the main inhibitor to the application of this technology in engineering practice. Ten years after Bergamo, many of the objectives identified at that time have been achieved. The use of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) for designing structural members in bending and shear has recently been addressed in the fib Model Code 2010. Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) has also been used structurally in several building and bridge projects in Europe and North-America. SFRC has been widely used in segmental tunnel linings all over the world. Members of ACI544 and fib TG-4.1 have been involved in writing code based specifications for the design of FRC structural members. More than fifty papers were presented at the Workshop from which forty-four were selected for this joint ACI/fib publication. The papers are organised in the document under six themes: Design guidelines and specifications, Material properties for design, Behaviour and design of beams and columns, Behaviour and design of slabs and other structures, Behaviour and design of foundations and underground components, and finally, Applications in structure and underground construction projects.
Experimental And Numerical Study Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected To Internal Explosion
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Author : Nikhil Vasant Moon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Experimental And Numerical Study Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected To Internal Explosion written by Nikhil Vasant Moon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This research investigates the effect of an accidental explosion of a steam boiler in a boiler room on steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) structure in an industrial facility, using nonlinear analysis in ABAQUS FEA software. The mechanical properties of SFRC are calculated through testing at the UTA Civil Engineering Laboratory Building. Steel fiber dosages in concrete at different volume fractions are examined for the mechanical properties of concrete. In total, 9 (4" x 8") cylindrical specimens for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity test, 9 (4" x 8") cylindrical specimens for tensile strength test, and 9 (6" x 6" x 21") beam specimens for modulus of rupture test were produced and tested after 28 days of curing. Modulus of Elasticity is found for the different volume fractions of SRFC by stress vs strain curve from experimental tests. Adding 1% of steel fiber in concrete can increase the modulus of elasticity by 11%, compressive strength by 22%, tensile strength by 42%, and modulus of rupture by 32 %. Using the concrete properties obtained from experimental results, numerical analysis is done to find the effect of the Steam Boiler explosion on SFRC boiler room using nonlinear analysis in ABAQUS FEA software. Dynamic/Explicit loading condition is considered for analysis. It's found that adding 1% steel fiber by volume fraction can increase the overall capacity of concrete structure by 26%, decrease strain by 21%, and decrease the deflection by 23%. Parametric studies are also carried out at 1% SFRC by different arrangements of Steam Boiler closed room - with a rigid roof, with a frangible roof and circular vent in the roof. It's found that the reflected pressure due to explosion can be significantly reduced on the surrounding walls. In case, roof with circular vent the stresses decrease by 50%, strain decrease by 70% and with frangible roof stress decrease by 31%, strain by 38% and strain decrease by 38%.
Strain Hardening Cement Based Composites
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Author : Viktor Mechtcherine
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-04
Strain Hardening Cement Based Composites written by Viktor Mechtcherine and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC4), that was held at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany from 18 to 20 September 2017. The conference focused on advanced fiber-reinforced concrete materials such as strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC), textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) and high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (HPFRCC). All these new materials exhibit pseudo-ductile behavior resulting from the formation of multiple, fine cracks when subject to tensile loading. The use of such types of fiber-reinforced concrete could revolutionize the planning, development, dimensioning, structural and architectural design, construction of new and strengthening and repair of existing buildings and structures in many areas of application. The SHCC4 Conference was the follow-up of three previous successful international events in Stellenbosch, South Africa in 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2011, and Dordrecht, The Netherlands in 2014.
Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of Steel Pipes Subjected To Combined Loads
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Author : Istemi Faruk Ozkan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of Steel Pipes Subjected To Combined Loads written by Istemi Faruk Ozkan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Deformations (Mechanics) categories.
A review of previous experimental, analytical, and numerical research conducted on pipe segments subjected to combined loading indicate that very few tests were reported on (a) pipes subject to load combinations involving axial tension, internal pressure, and bending, and (b) tests involving combinations of torsion, internal pressure, and bending. Within this context, an experimental program consisting of two full-scale test series on a total of eight pipe specimens is conducted. The specimens were made of X65 material (Specified Minimum Yield Strength=448MPa) with 508mm outer diameter (OD), and a nominal diameter-to-thickness ratio (D/t) of 80. In the first test series, specimens were subjected to combinations of internal pressure, axial tension, and bending and were aimed at (a) quantify the beneficial effect of axial tension on the magnitude of critical buckling strains of pipes and (b) determine whether or not the pipes are able to attain their modified plastic moment resistance as predicted by analytically derived plastic interaction relations. In the second test series, pipe specimens were subjected to load combinations involving internal pressure, axial tension, torsion, shear, and bending and were aimed to measure the pipe modified moment capacity. The moment vs. curvature relations, peak moment values, and local buckling behavior of the specimens as obtained from the experiments are documented. The peak moments obtained are compared to the analytically predicted moments. A nonlinear shell finite element model is also developed using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulator ABAQUS in order to predict the moment capacity, critical strains, and the local buckling behavior of pipe specimens. Test results were observed to compare very well with FEA predictions for the moment capacities and buckling modes. Under certain combinations of axial tension and internal pressure, experiments and FEA show that pipes with Dt=80 are able to attain their modified plastic moment resistances. The FEA predicted longitudinal compressive strains were fairly good, but less reliable than the FEA predicted moment resistances. After demonstrating the ability of the FEA to reliably predict pipe modified moment capacity in previous and current research programs, a systematic FEA parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of geometric properties (D/t) and loading conditions (torsion, axial force, and internal pressure) on the ability of the pipes to develop their modified plastic moment capacity. As a result of this parametric study, it was observed that the ability of the pipes to develop their plastic moment capacity is strongly dependant on axial force and D/t ratio. On the other hand, internal pressure and torsion are relatively less effective on this ability.
Flexural Behaviour Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Tunnel Linings
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Author : Martin Blazejowski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Flexural Behaviour Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Tunnel Linings written by Martin Blazejowski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The promotion of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) as a construction material for tunnel linings has prompted a number of researchers to focus on methods of evaluating their flexural strength and stiffness. This thesis presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation of the flexural behaviour of full-scale steel fibre reinforced concrete tunnel lining segments. A series of a three-point flexure tests were performed to evaluate the maximum load carrying capacity, the load-deformation behaviour and crack propagation characteristics of these segments. The material properties of the steel fibre reinforced concrete were also studied, using both destructive and non-destructive methods. Element compression and tension tests were conducted to characterize the compressive and tensile strength properties of the SFRC. Additionally, computed tomographic scanning was conducted to analyse and estimate the density fraction and fibre orientation of the fibres in SFRC cores. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to calibrate a concrete damage plasticity constitutive model and provide better understanding of the segment flexural behaviour. The experimental program indicated that the variation in structural performance of the segments was likely due to an inhomogeneity of fibre distribution and orientation. Modifying the numerical model to account for these variations resulted in a more accurate analysis. Furthermore, from the numerical finite element analysis it was found that the non-linear elasto-plastic concrete damage plasticity model in the crack zone of the beam was mesh dependent. Parametric analyses also revealed that the model was particularly sensitive to small changes to the tensile material property input parameters.
Experimental And Numerical Study Of Dynamic Material Properties Of Fibre Reinforced Concrete
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Author : Zhuo Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Experimental And Numerical Study Of Dynamic Material Properties Of Fibre Reinforced Concrete written by Zhuo Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Fibrous composites categories.
[Truncated abstract] This thesis presents both numerical and experimental investigations on the dynamic resistance of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) materials. The effects of fibre shapes, material properties and dosage on the dynamic properties of FRC, including the Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF) of both the compressive and tensile strength, dynamic stress-strain relationship, energy absorption capacity, fibre-metrics mesoscopic interaction and failure modes are studied through experimental tests and numerical simulations. The main content and achievement of this thesis are summarised blow. In Chapter two, a numerical method is developed to simulate dynamic impact tests on steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) specimens to study the dynamic material properties of SFRC. In the analysis, an axisymmetric mesoscale SFRC model is developed with distinctive consideration of the fibres, aggregates and cement mortar to investigate the dynamic failure behaviour of SFRC material under impact loading at different strain rates. The aggregates are modelled with random size and distribution in the SFRC specimen. The hooked-end steel fibres are also randomly distributed in the specimen with random orientations. The developed model is used to numerically simulate a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test (SHPB) on SFRC specimens. Numerical results are compared with available experimental data to verify the developed model. The comparison indicates that the mesoscale numerical model can reliably simulate SHPB tests on SFRC and concrete specimens. The developed numerical model is then used to perform a series of simulations of SFRC specimens with different volume fractions of steel fibres or without steel fibre under dynamic impact loads of different loading rates. From the numerical results, the influences of steel fibres on dynamic material properties, in particular the Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF), and on dynamic failure mechanism of SFRC are discussed. The DIF curves of SFRC with different steel fibre dosages are also derived from the numerical results. In Chapter three, drop-weight impact tests are conducted in UWA structural lab to study the dynamic compressive properties of FRC material with different types of fibres. The impact tests are conducted with an instrumented drop-weight impact system consisting of a hard steel drop weight, two 180 t fast response loadcells, a high-speed video camera, and a fast response data acquisition system. Seven fibre types with different shapes and material properties are considered in the study. They are synthetic fibres, undulated, cold rolled, flattened, hook-end, and two new spiral shape steel fibres developed in this study. A volume fraction of 1% fibre is used in all specimens. The impact forces on top and bottom of specimens are measured to investigate the axial inertia effects and the stress wave propagation effect. The high-speed video camera is used to capture the failure process, displacement and velocity responses of specimens. The images recorded are used to estimate the strain and strain rates of the test specimen by image analysis. The dynamic stress-strain relations and impact resistance of the tested specimens are compared...
On The Concept Of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Thin Walled Concrete Pipes
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Author : Arash Emami Saleh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
On The Concept Of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Thin Walled Concrete Pipes written by Arash Emami Saleh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Fiber-reinforced concrete categories.
This research investigates the structural and industrial possibility to create a new type of concrete pipes called synthetic fiber reinforced thin-walled concrete pipes, which would be lighter, cheaper,and more durable than what is currently in use while still providing a pipe product much less dependent upon installation conditions than the very flexible metal and plastic pipes in the American market. The idea is to reduce the thickness and reinforcement of the current reinforced concrete pipes to increase their deflection before failure and control the crack formation and width by using synthetic fibers. The flexibility of these pipes will enable them to use the passive pressure of surrounding soil and in turn, relieves the pipe of the burden of carrying the soil load through moment and shear in the pipe wall and allows it to perform primarily under compressive stress in the pipe wall. To fulfill the research goal two phases of experimental investigations was performed.The first phase was to understand the behavior of synthetic fiber reinforced TWCPs in Industrial scale pipe production using a common industrial concrete mix design. In this phase, 44 pipes were created and TEB test was performed on all the pipes. deformation curve for all tested specimens was extracted and the cracking behavior of the pipes with and without using synthetic fibers was observed. The second phase was to perform experimental study on crack development in synthetic fiber reinforced concrete specimens. In this phase, 12 beam specimens were created using ASTM 1609 recommendations. The beams were tested in two groups of six beams under three and four point bending test setup. Crack width was measured using two-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) method. Finite element models were created to develop material model for synthetic fiber reinforced concrete which can mimic the results of the tests. During the numerical study a reliable crack width measurement method was introduced using the distribution of plastic tensile strain in FE model. The last phase of numerical study was to create soil pipe interaction models to evaluate the behavior of the pipes and their crack widths under soil back fill. A parametric study was performed which led to development of equations to find the amount of crack width as well as the design graphs.
Masters Theses In The Pure And Applied Sciences
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Author : Wade H. Shafer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-21
Masters Theses In The Pure And Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-21 with Science categories.
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis seminated by the Center for lnformation and Numerica/ Data Analysis and Synthesis (C/NDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficia! to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After fi ve years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of ali concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and App/ied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. Ali back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 21 (thesis year 1976) a total of 10,586 theses titles from 25 Canadian and 219 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work.