Experimental Ring No 4
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Experimental Ring No 4 A Study Of Untreated Sand Asphalt And Asphalt Concrete Bases
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Author : Milan Krukar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Experimental Ring No 4 A Study Of Untreated Sand Asphalt And Asphalt Concrete Bases written by Milan Krukar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
Experimental Ring No 4 A Study Of Untreated Sand Asphalt And Asphalt Concrete Bases
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Author : Milan Krukar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Experimental Ring No 4 A Study Of Untreated Sand Asphalt And Asphalt Concrete Bases written by Milan Krukar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
Experimental Ring No 4
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Author : Milan Krukar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Experimental Ring No 4 written by Milan Krukar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Highway research categories.
Three different kinds of base material of varying base thicknesses were tested at the Washington State University Test Track on Ring #4 during the fall of 1968 and the spring of 1969. Twelve 18-foot test sections consisting of 4.5, 7.0, 9.5 and 12 inches of untreated crushed rock surfacing top course base; 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 inches of sand-asphalt base; and 0.0, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 inches of Class "F" asphalt concrete base, covered by a uniform 3.0-inch thick Class "B" asphalt concrete wearing course were tested during this period. The pavement structure was built on a clay-silt subgrade soil. Instrumentation consisted of moisture tensiometers, strain gages, pressure cells, LVDT gages and thermocouples for measuring moisture, strain, stress, dynamic deflections and temperatures. Benkelman beam readings were taken. The testing revealed that the fall failure modes were different from the spring failures. The fall failure pattern started from transverse cracks in the thin sections which developed into alligator cracking patterns. These cracks appeared after a period of cold weather and heavy rains followed by a warming trend. Thermal and mechanical loads in conjunction with adverse environmental conditions during construction and prior to and during the fall testing period were believed to be responsible for the early fall failures on the thin sections. The spring failures were very rapid and sudden and were due to environmental factors which led to highly saturated subgrade, thus resulting in poor bearing capacity. Punching shear was the failure mode. The thickest sections survived without cracks but developed severe rutting. Comparison of the results with those obtained from Rings #3 and #4, show that they were similar in many respects. This indicates that the test track is capable of replicating results and is a reliable research instrument. Equivalencies were developed for the different materials. On this basis the Class "F" asphalt concrete base was superior to the sand-asphalt and untreated crushed rock bases in that order. Maximum values for static and dynamic deflections, strains and stresses for different times and temperatures were developed. The lateral position of the dual tires with respect to the gage severely affected the strain, stress and deflection values. Temperature also caused variations in the measurements. Spring instrument readings for static and dynamic deflections, strain and stress show values as much as 2 to 4 times of those obtained in the fall. Spring subgrade conditions probably were responsible for these differences. Ring #4 series operational time was half that of Ring #3 and about the same as Ring #2. Ring #4 sustained about a quarter of the wheel load applications of Ring #3. Construction and testing environmental conditions were inferior to those for Ring #3, although they were similar for Ring #2 and hence contributed to the lower test period. This points out that environmental factors are very important in pavement life.
Analytical And Experimental Studies Of Natural Vibration Modes Of Ring Stiffened Truncated Cone Shells With Variable Theoretical Ring Fixity
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Author : Eugene C. Naumann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Analytical And Experimental Studies Of Natural Vibration Modes Of Ring Stiffened Truncated Cone Shells With Variable Theoretical Ring Fixity written by Eugene C. Naumann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Conical shells categories.
Experimental and analytical investigations of the vibratory behavior of ring-stiffened truncated-cone shells are described. Vibration tests were conducted on (1) 60 [degree] conical shells having up to four ring stiffeners and for free-free and clamped-free edge constraints and (2) 90 [degree] conical shells, for two thicknesses, each with two angle rings and for free-free, free-clamped, and clamped-clamped edge constraints. The analytical method is based on linear thin-shell theory, employing the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Discrete rings are represented as composed of one or more segments, each of which is a short truncated-cone shell of uniform thickness. Equations of constraint are used to join a ring and shell along a circumferential line connection. Excellent agreement was obtained for comparisons of experimental and calculated frequencies.
A Short Course Of Experiments In Physical Measurement Appendix For The Use Of Teachers
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Author : Harold Whiting
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1891
A Short Course Of Experiments In Physical Measurement Appendix For The Use Of Teachers written by Harold Whiting and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1891 with Physics categories.
Report Of The Tests Of Metals And Other Materials For Industrial Purposes
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Author : United States. Army. Ordnance Department
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1896
Report Of The Tests Of Metals And Other Materials For Industrial Purposes written by United States. Army. Ordnance Department and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1896 with Materials categories.
Scientific Handicraft A Catalogue Of Apparatus Suitable For Elementary Experiments In Physics Volume First Mechanics Hydrostatics Hydrodynamics And Pneumatics
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Author : John Joseph GRIFFIN (F.C.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1873
Scientific Handicraft A Catalogue Of Apparatus Suitable For Elementary Experiments In Physics Volume First Mechanics Hydrostatics Hydrodynamics And Pneumatics written by John Joseph GRIFFIN (F.C.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1873 with categories.
Pavement Research At The Washington State University Test Track Experimental Ring No 4 A Study Of Untreated Sand Asphalt And Asphalt Concrete Bases
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Author : Milan Krukar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Pavement Research At The Washington State University Test Track Experimental Ring No 4 A Study Of Untreated Sand Asphalt And Asphalt Concrete Bases written by Milan Krukar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Pavements categories.
Engineering Turbulence Modelling And Experiments 4
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Author : D. Laurence
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1999-04-14
Engineering Turbulence Modelling And Experiments 4 written by D. Laurence and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-04-14 with Science categories.
These proceedings contain the papers presented at the 4th International Symposium on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements held at Ajaccio, Corsica, France from 24-26 May 1999. It follows three previous conferences on the topic of engineering turbulence modelling and measurements. The purpose of this series of symposia is to provide a forum for presenting and discussing new developments in the area of turbulence modelling and measurements, with particular emphasis on engineering-related problems. Turbulence is still one of the key issues in tackling engineering flow problems. As powerful computers and accurate numerical methods are now available for solving the flow equations, and since engineering applications nearly always involve turbulence effects, the reliability of CFD analysis depends more and more on the performance of the turbulence models. Successful simulation of turbulence requires the understanding of the complex physical phenomena involved and suitable models for describing the turbulent momentum, heat and mass transfer. For the understanding of turbulence phenomena, experiments are indispensable, but they are equally important for providing data for the development and testing of turbulence models and hence for CFD software validation.
Nasa Technical Note
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Nasa Technical Note written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Aeronautics categories.