Experimental Unsteady Aerodynamics Relevant To Insect Inspired Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles
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Experimental Unsteady Aerodynamics Relevant To Insect Inspired Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles
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Author : Nahid Phillips
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Experimental Unsteady Aerodynamics Relevant To Insect Inspired Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles written by Nahid Phillips and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Small hand-held micro air vehicles (MAVs) can serve many functions unsuitable for a manned vehicle, and can be inexpensive and easily deployed. MAVs for indoor applications are underdeveloped due to their demanding requirements. Indoor requirements are best met by a flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FMAV) based on insect-like flapping-wing flight, which offers abilities of sustained hover, aerial agility, and energy efficiency. FMAV development is hampered by a lack of understanding of insect-like flapping-wing aerodynamics, particularly at the FMAV scale. An experimental programme at the FMAV scale (Reynolds number on the order of 104) was undertaken, investigating: leading-edge vortex (LEV) stability, flapping kinematic effects on lift and the flowfield, and wing planform shape effects on the flowfield. For these experiments, an apparatus employing a novel flapping mechanism was developed, which achieved variable three-degreeof- freedom insect-like wing motions (flapping kinematics) with a high degree of repeatability in air up to a 20Hz flapping frequency. Mean lift measurements and spatially dense volumetric flowfield measurements using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) were performed while various flapping kinematic parameters and wing planform were altered, to observe their effects. Three-dimensional vortex axis trajectories were reconstructed, revealing vortex characteristics such as axial velocity and vorticity, and flow evolution patterns. The first key result was the observation of a stable LEV at the FMAV scale which contributed to half of the mean lift. The LEV exhibited vortex breakdown, but still augmented lift as Reynolds number was increased indicating that FMAVs can exploit this lifting mechanism. The second key result was the identification of the trends of mean lift versus the tested kinematic parameters at the FMAV scale, and appropriate values for FMAV design. Appropriate values for lift generation, while taking mechanical practicalities into account, included a flat wingtip trajectory with zero plunge amplitude, angle of attack at mid-stroke of 45 degrees , rotation phase of +5:5%, and maximum flapping frequency and stroke amplitude.
Fixed And Flapping Wing Aerodynamics For Micro Air Vehicle Applications
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Author : Thomas J. Mueller
language : en
Publisher: AIAA
Release Date : 2001
Fixed And Flapping Wing Aerodynamics For Micro Air Vehicle Applications written by Thomas J. Mueller and has been published by AIAA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Aerodynamics categories.
This title reports on the latest research in the area of aerodynamic efficency of various fixed-wing, flapping wing, and rotary wing concepts. It presents the progress made by over fifty active researchers in the field.
The Delfly
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Author : G.C.H.E. de Croon
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-26
The Delfly written by G.C.H.E. de Croon and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book introduces the topics most relevant to autonomously flying flapping wing robots: flapping-wing design, aerodynamics, and artificial intelligence. Readers can explore these topics in the context of the "Delfly", a flapping wing robot designed at Delft University in The Netherlands. How are tiny fruit flies able to lift their weight, avoid obstacles and predators, and find food or shelter? The first step in emulating this is the creation of a micro flapping wing robot that flies by itself. The challenges are considerable: the design and aerodynamics of flapping wings are still active areas of scientific research, whilst artificial intelligence is subject to extreme limitations deriving from the few sensors and minimal processing onboard. This book conveys the essential insights that lie behind success such as the DelFly Micro and the DelFly Explorer. The DelFly Micro, with its 3.07 grams and 10 cm wing span, is still the smallest flapping wing MAV in the world carrying a camera, whilst the DelFly Explorer is the world's first flapping wing MAV that is able to fly completely autonomously in unknown environments. The DelFly project started in 2005 and ever since has served as inspiration, not only to many scientific flapping wing studies, but also the design of flapping wing toys. The combination of introductions to relevant fields, practical insights and scientific experiments from the DelFly project make this book a must-read for all flapping wing enthusiasts, be they students, researchers, or engineers.
Experimental And Computational Analysis For Insect Inspired Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles
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Author : A. Gami
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Experimental And Computational Analysis For Insect Inspired Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles written by A. Gami and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Recent Progress Towards Developing An Insect Inspired Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Recent Progress Towards Developing An Insect Inspired Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
This paper presents an overview of the on-going research activities at Shrivenham, aimed at the design of an autonomous flapping-wing micro air vehicle. After introducing the problem of insect wing kinematics and aerodynamics, we describe our quasi-three-dimensional aerodynamic model for flapping wings. This is followed by a brief discussion of some aerodynamic issues relating to the lift-generating leading-edge vortex. New results are then presented on modelling of wing aeroelastic deflections. Finally, some brief observations are made on flight control requirements for an insect-inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicle. Overall, it is shown that successful development of such a vehicle will require a multi-disciplinary approach, with significant developments in a number of disciplines. Progress to date has largely been concerned with hover. Little is known about the requirements for successful manoeuvre.
Flapping Wing Vehicles
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Author : Lung-Jieh Yang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-09-30
Flapping Wing Vehicles written by Lung-Jieh Yang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Flapping wing vehicles (FWVs) have unique flight characteristics and the successful flight of such a vehicle depends upon efficient design of the flapping mechanisms while keeping the minimum weight of the structure. Flapping Wing Vehicles: Numerical and Experimental Approach discusses design and kinematic analysis of various flapping wing mechanisms, measurement of flap angle/flapping frequency, and computational fluid dynamic analysis of motion characteristics including manufacturing techniques. The book also includes wind tunnel experiments, high-speed photographic analysis of aerodynamic performance, soap film visualization of 3D down washing, studies on the effect of wing rotation, figure-of-eight motion characteristics, and more. Features Covers all aspects of FWVs needed to design one and understand how and why it flies Explains related engineering practices including flapping mechanism design, kinematic analysis, materials, manufacturing, and aerodynamic performance measures using wind tunnel experiments Includes CFD analysis of 3D wing profile, formation flight of FWVs, and soap film visualization of flapping wings Discusses dynamics and image-based control of a group of ornithopters Explores indigenous PCB design for achieving altitude and attitude control This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in mechatronics, materials, aerodynamics, robotics, biomimetics, vehicle design and MAV/UAV.
Integrated Computational And Experimental Studies Of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Integrated Computational And Experimental Studies Of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
This paper describes recent research on flapping-wing micro air vehicles, based on insect-like aerodynamics. A combined analytical, experimental and CFD approach is being adopted to understand and design suitable wing aerodynamics and kinematics. The CFD has used the Fluent 6 commercial code together with the grid-generating software Gambit 2; the experiments have been conducted in air and water, using various rigs and techniques. Part of our work has used 2D CFD and linear experiments (in a water tunnel). This has revealed details on vortex stability, the role of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and Reynolds number effects. 3D CFD on rotating wings and equivalent experiments in a water tank have then been used to investigate the role of spanwise flow in the leading-edge vortex.
The Aerodynamics Of Deforming Wings At Low Reynolds Number
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Author : Albert Medina
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Aerodynamics Of Deforming Wings At Low Reynolds Number written by Albert Medina and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Flapping flight has gained much attention in the past decade driven by the desire to understand capabilities observed in nature and the desire to develop agile small-scale aerial vehicles. Advancing our current understanding of unsteady aerodynamics is an essential component in the development of micro-air vehicles (MAV) intended to utilize flight mechanics akin to insect flight. Thus the efforts undertaken that of bio-mimicry. The complexities of insect wing motion are dissected and simplified to more tractable problems to elucidate the fundamentals of unsteady aerodynamics in biologically inspired kinematics. The MAV's fruition would satisfy long established needs in both the military and civilian sectors. Although recent studies have provided great insight into the lift generating mechanisms of flapping wings the deflection response of such wings remains poorly understood. This dissertation numerically and experimentally investigates the aerodynamic performance of passively and actively deflected wings in hover and rotary kinematics. Flexibility is distilled to discrete lines of flexion which acknowledging major flexion lines in insect wings to be the primary avenue for deformation. Of primary concern is the development of the leading-edge vortex (LEV), a high circulation region of low pressure above the wing to which much of the wing's lift generation is attributed. Two-dimensional simulations of wings with chord-wise flexibility in a freestream reveal a lift generating mechanism unavailable to rigid wings with origins in vortical symmetry breaking. The inclusion of flexibility in translating wings accelerated from rest revealed the formation time of the initial LEV was very weakly dependent on the flexible stiffness of the wing, maintaining a universal time scale of four to five chords of travel before shedding. The frequency of oscillatory shedding of the leading and trailing-edge vortices that develops after the initial vortex shedding was shown to be responsive to flexibility satisfying an inverse proportionality to stiffness. In hover, an effective pitch angle can be defined in a flexible wing that accounts for deflection which shifts results toward trend lines of rigid wings. Three-dimensional simulations examining the effects of two distinct deformation modes undergoing prescribed deformation associated with root and tip deflection demonstrated a greater aerodynamic response to tip deflection in hover. Efficiency gains in flexion wings over rigid wing counterpart were shown to be dependent on Reynolds number with efficiency in both modes increasing with increased Reynolds number. Additionally, while the leading-edge vortex axis proved insensitive to deformation, the shape and orientation of the LEV core is modified. Experiments on three-dimensional dynamically-scaled fruit fly wings with passive deformation operating in the bursting limit Reynolds number regime revealed enhanced leading-edge vortex bursting with tip deflection promoting greater LEV core flow deceleration in stroke. Experimental studies on rotary wings highlights a universal formation time of the leading-edge vortex independent of Reynolds number, acceleration profile and aspect ratio. Efforts to replicate LEV bursting phenomena of higher aspect ratio wings in a unity aspect ratio wing such that LEV growth is no limited by span but by the LEV traversing the chord revealed a flow regime of oscillatory lift generation reminiscent of behavior exhibited in translating wings that also maintains magnitude peak to peak.
Aerodynamics Of The Airplane
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Author : Hermann Schlichting
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies
Release Date : 1979
Aerodynamics Of The Airplane written by Hermann Schlichting and has been published by McGraw-Hill Companies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Science categories.
Animal Locomotion
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Author : Graham Taylor
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-20
Animal Locomotion written by Graham Taylor and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-20 with Science categories.
The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects of the performance and function of living organisms. For example, fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic efficiency of oscillatory propulsion – especially for marine animals – demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other research questions, an experimental approach is often the most appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges apply – studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals. This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.