Exploring How Land Use May Influence The Export Composition And Reprocessing Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In Peat Rich Catchment Drainage
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Exploring How Land Use May Influence The Export Composition And Reprocessing Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In Peat Rich Catchment Drainage
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Author : Ying Zheng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Exploring How Land Use May Influence The Export Composition And Reprocessing Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In Peat Rich Catchment Drainage written by Ying Zheng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Carbon categories.
The Impact Of Long Term Agricultural Drainage On Concentration And Composition Of Dissolved Organic Carbon Doc In A Boreal Peatland In Western Newfoundland
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Author : Maryam Hajheidari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Impact Of Long Term Agricultural Drainage On Concentration And Composition Of Dissolved Organic Carbon Doc In A Boreal Peatland In Western Newfoundland written by Maryam Hajheidari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Although peatlands cover only 2.84% of the world's land area, they play a key role in the global C cycle and store one-third of the global soil carbon. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) is one of the available forms of carbon in peatlands, which is lost from the peatland together with other forms of carbon, including dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and as the gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). DOC contains both biologically available (labile) and recalcitrant components. In peatlands, the influence of DOC on the C cycle is more significant than in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and thus understanding of any changes in DOC quality induced by peatland drainage is critical. The quality and quantity of DOC determine the further role of DOC in biogeochemical cycles. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of agricultural drainage on DOC in a boreal peatland in western Newfoundland, by quantifying (concentration) and qualifying (composition) of DOC in two drained and natural peatland sites. The effect of microforms in the natural site on quality and quantity of DOC, was also examined. This study showed that long-term drainage increased DOC concentration both at the peat surface (10 cm) and at a depth of 40 cm by 32% and 47%, respectively. The quality of DOC was also affected by agricultural drainage and microforms (hummock or hollow). Agricultural drainage reduced the DOC aromaticity and transformed DOC from refractory to labile forms. In the natural sites, hummock had higher DOC concentration and showed more recalcitrant and humified DOC. Although DOC in both the drained and the natural site was mainly plant-driven regardless of the different vegetation compositions and microforms, DOC at the drained site was of a plant-derived source over microbially processed DOC throughout the peat layers. Increasing DOC concentration following agricultural drainage shifts the Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) from the microbial-derived source to a plant-derived source. Similarly, agricultural drainage increased the degree of humification at both peat depths. Comparing two different depths of sampling revealed that the shallower sampling depth had greatest differences in DOC quantity and quality across the drained and natural sites. It means that the variation in DOC caused by any management changes has an intensive effect on shallower peat layers. Furthermore, there is more humified microbially-sourced DOC found at the deeper peat layers. Results also demonstrated the different DOC concentration and composition associated with different plant communities in the drained site and different microforms in the natural site. Our study showed that establishment of reed canary grass followed by drainage in the drained peatland pasture site could introduce labile carbon compounds with a high degree of humification into the below ground environment during the growing season. Results of this study support the fact that land management activities (such as agricultural drainage) have effects on DOC quantity together with quality of peatlands and also have a profound effect in increasing labile DOC at the deeper layers, which can affect the carbon balance of boreal peatland ecosystems. This raises the possibility of managing the plant community to control DOC concentration to reduce carbon losses from peatlands. The effect of land management, plant community, and its effects on peat properties should be given more weight in large-scale carbon modeling.
Carbon Footprints Of Peatland Degradation
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Author : Francisca Maria Constance Wit
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Carbon Footprints Of Peatland Degradation written by Francisca Maria Constance Wit and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Restoring Connectivity The Effect Of Riparian Replanting On In Stream Organic Carbon Dynamics In A Degraded Agricultural Landscape
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Author : Darren Paul Giling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Restoring Connectivity The Effect Of Riparian Replanting On In Stream Organic Carbon Dynamics In A Degraded Agricultural Landscape written by Darren Paul Giling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Streams and rivers are intrinsically linked to the terrestrial environment by the exchange of water, nutrients, organic matter and biota. Terrestrial-aquatic connectivity has been disrupted by the degradation and removal of riparian vegetation due to widespread agricultural development. Loss of terrestrial vegetation modifies channel shading, in-stream habitat, and the quantity and composition of organic carbon (i.e. energy) subsidies provided to stream food webs. Collectively, these changes result in biodiversity loss and altered ecosystem functioning.Replanting riparian vegetation aims to alleviate the adverse ecological effects of riparian clearance. Replanting is already commonly used for ecological restoration, but revegetation may become more widespread if restoration activities are driven by economic forces, such as payments for planting trees to mitigate climate change. However, replantings currently are often spatially limited and isolated, so the plantings may not have a large effect on halting or reversing ecological degradation.Riparian clearance and revegetation are likely to alter carbon dynamics, which is a critical process underpinning biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in streams. We have little knowledge of if, and when, riparian replanting will restore in-stream organic-carbon processes towards pre-clearance conditions, or of the broad-scale effects on carbon balances. The integration of aquatic fluxes into regional carbon budgets is an important component of regional, national and global carbon accounting. I sought to: (1) quantify the reach-scale effects of replanting on in-stream organic carbon dynamics; (2) assess the potential for organic matter properties to reflect the success of restoring terrestrial-aquatic connectivity; and (3) upscale organic carbon fluxes to project the consequences of revegetation for carbon balance and atmospheric feedback at watershed (= catchment) scales.I assessed the dynamics of aquatic organic carbon (input, standing stock, export and metabolism) in 15 streams (1st-3rd Strahler order) of an agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Ten of the streams had reaches that were replanted with native woody vegetation 8 to 22 years prior to the study; I refer to these restored reaches as 'replanted' and other reaches in which there had been no plantings, pasture reaches, as 'untreated'.Replanted stream reaches had greater inputs and accumulation of terrestrial organic carbon on the stream-bed than did untreated reaches. Replanting was correlated with a reduction in net ecosystem productivity and a shorter organic carbon turnover length. Within two decades of planting, metabolic rates in replanted reaches had values more typical of those in natural, forested streams, supporting the use of ecosystem metabolism as a functional indictor of restoration success at reach-scales. Metabolic measures could be combined with pattern-based measures, such as biodiversity, to demonstrate the ecological value of replanting.The export of organic carbon was governed by land-use and climatic variables at spatial scales larger than typical replanting projects. Watershed tree cover affected the composition of dissolved organic matter, but not its quantity. A greater proportion of the dissolved organic matter in agricultural streams was from within the stream and a reduced proportion was from terrestrial vegetation, compared to streams in forested watersheds. The characteristics of dissolved organic matter potentially provide an aggregate measure of aquatic and terrestrial connectivity over large spatial scales. The quantity of total organic carbon transported was controlled by discharge. Projected increases in rainfall variability will affect the timing and magnitude of storm-flows, altering the fluxes of energy subsidies among ecosystems in landscapes.The estimated organic carbon budget showed that replanted reaches potentially were a greater source of carbon than were untreated reaches (net change -0.52 g C m-2 day-1 ± 0.80 SD). At a watershed scale, this increased carbon loss per unit area of stream was small compared to organic carbon export from 3rd-order streams. Riparian restoration at reach spatial scales (i.e. 100s of m) can restore ecosystem processes towards pre-clearance condition, within two decades. However, the effects of replanting at small scales may be overwhelmed by changes to hydrologic processes arising from probable increased climate variability in the future. Addressing land-use effects requires a landscape perspective that incorporates spatial context and connectivity at multiple scales to guide restoration activities into the areas likely to provide the greatest ecological return for investment.
Environmental Controls On The Production And Export Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In An Upland Peat Catchment
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Author : Joanna Mary Clark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Environmental Controls On The Production And Export Of Dissolved Organic Carbon In An Upland Peat Catchment written by Joanna Mary Clark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Effects Of Agricultural Land Use On Dissolved Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In Streams
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Author : Marlen Heinz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Effects Of Agricultural Land Use On Dissolved Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In Streams written by Marlen Heinz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Constructed Tracks In The Scottish Uplands
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Constructed Tracks In The Scottish Uplands written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Trails categories.
Monsoonal Affected Dynamics Of Nitrate And Dissolved Organic Carbon In A Mountainous Catchment Under Intensive Land Use
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Author : Svenja Bartsch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Monsoonal Affected Dynamics Of Nitrate And Dissolved Organic Carbon In A Mountainous Catchment Under Intensive Land Use written by Svenja Bartsch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Towards Climate Responsible Peatlands Management
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Author : Riccardo Biancalani
language : en
Publisher: Mitigation of Climate Change i
Release Date : 2014
Towards Climate Responsible Peatlands Management written by Riccardo Biancalani and has been published by Mitigation of Climate Change i this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The aim of this guidebook is to support the reduction of GHG emissions from managed peatlands and present guidance for responsible management practices that can maintain peatlands ecosystem services while sustaining and improving local livelihoods. This guidebook also provides an overview of the present knowledge on peatlands, including their geographic distribution, ecological characteristics and socio-economic importance.
North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment
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Author : Markus Quante
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-31
North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment written by Markus Quante and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-31 with Science categories.
This book offers an up-to-date review of our current understanding of climate change in the North Sea and adjacent areas, as well as its impact on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It provides a detailed assessment of climate change based on published scientific work compiled by independent international experts from climate-related disciplines such as oceanography, atmospheric sciences, marine and terrestrial ecology, using a regional evaluation and review process similar to that of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of our changing climate, discussing a wide range of topics including past, current and future climate change, and climate-related changes in marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. It also explores the impact of climate change on socio-economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, coastal zone management, coastal protection, urban climate, recreation/tourism, offshore activities/energy, and air pollution.