Factors Affecting Radiocarbon Enrichment In Soil And The Turnover Of Soil Organic Matter
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Factors Affecting Radiocarbon Enrichment In Soil And The Turnover Of Soil Organic Matter
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Author : J. D. Stout
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973*
Factors Affecting Radiocarbon Enrichment In Soil And The Turnover Of Soil Organic Matter written by J. D. Stout and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973* with Radiocarbon dating categories.
Radiocarbon Enrichment Of Soil Organic Matter Fractions In New Zealand Soil
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Author : Kuan M. Goh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Radiocarbon Enrichment Of Soil Organic Matter Fractions In New Zealand Soil written by Kuan M. Goh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Soil formation categories.
Storage And Turnover Of Organic Matter In Soil
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Storage And Turnover Of Organic Matter In Soil written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Historically, attention on soil organic matter (SOM) has focused on the central role that it plays in ecosystem fertility and soil properties, but in the past two decades the role of soil organic carbon in moderating atmospheric CO2 concentrations has emerged as a critical research area. This chapter will focus on the storage and turnover of natural organic matter in soil (SOM), in the context of the global carbon cycle. Organic matter in soils is the largest carbon reservoir in rapid exchange with atmospheric CO2, and is thus important as a potential source and sink of greenhouse gases over time scales of human concern (Fischlin and Gyalistras 1997). SOM is also an important human resource under active management in agricultural and range lands worldwide. Questions driving present research on the soil C cycle include: Are soils now acting as a net source or sink of carbon to the atmosphere? What role will soils play as a natural modulator or amplifier of climatic warming? How is C stabilized and sequestered, and what are effective management techniques to foster these processes? Answering these questions will require a mechanistic understanding of how and where C is stored in soils. The quantity and composition of organic matter in soil reflect the long-term balance between plant carbon inputs and microbial decomposition, as well as other loss processes such as fire, erosion, and leaching. The processes driving soil carbon storage and turnover are complex and involve influences at molecular to global scales. Moreover, the relative importance of these processes varies according to the temporal and spatial scales being considered; a process that is important at the regional scale may not be critical at the pedon scale. At the regional scale, SOM cycling is influenced by factors such as climate and parent material, which affect plant productivity and soil development. More locally, factors such as plant tissue quality and soil mineralogy affect decomposition pathways and stabilization. These factors influence the stability of SOM in part by shaping its molecular characteristics, which play a fundamental role in nearly all processes governing SOM stability but are not the focus of this chapter. We review here the most important controls on the distribution and dynamics of SOM at plot to global scales, and methods used to study them. We also explore the concepts of controls, processes, and mechanisms, and how they operate across scales. The concept of SOM turnover, or mean residence time, is central to this chapter and so it is described in some detail. The Appendix details the use of radiocarbon (14C), a powerful isotopic tool for studying SOM dynamics. Much of the material here was originally presented at a NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Soils and Global Change: Carbon Cycle, Trace Gas Exchange and Hydrology', held June 16-27, 1997, at the Chateau de Bonas, France.
Biophysico Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter In Environmental Systems
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Author : Nicola Senesi
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-07-23
Biophysico Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter In Environmental Systems written by Nicola Senesi and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-23 with Science categories.
An up-to-date resource on natural nonliving organic matter Bringing together world-renowned researchers to explore natural nonliving organic matter (NOM) and its chemical, biological, and ecological importance, Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems offers an integrated view of the dynamics and processes of NOM. This multidisciplinary approach allows for a comprehensive treatment encompassing all the formation processes, properties, reactions, environments, and analytical techniques associated with the latest research on NOM. After briefly outlining the historical background, current ideas, and future prospects of the study of NOM, the coverage examines: The formation mechanisms of humic substances Organo-clay complexes The effects of organic matter amendment Black carbon in the environment Carbon sequestration and dynamics in soil Biological activities of humic substances Dissolved organic matter Humic substances in the rhizosphere Marine organic matter Organic matter in atmospheric particles In addition to the above topics, the coverage includes such relevant analytical techniques as separation technology; analytical pyrolysis and soft-ionization mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance; EPR, FTIR, Raman, UV-visible adsorption, fluorescence, and X-ray spectroscopies; and thermal analysis. Hundreds of illustrations and photographs further illuminate the various chapters. An essential resource for both students and professionals in environmental science, environmental engineering, water science, soil science, geology, and environmental chemistry, Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems provides a unique combination of the latest discoveries, developments, and future prospects in this field.
The Influence Of Human Activities And Soil Properties On Soil Carbon Dynamics In A Diversity Of Soils
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Author : Elliot Anson Vaughan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Influence Of Human Activities And Soil Properties On Soil Carbon Dynamics In A Diversity Of Soils written by Elliot Anson Vaughan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Soils represent one of the largest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C) and understanding the controls on soil C cycling has important implications for climate change and soil fertility. Large uncertainties remain regarding the relative importance of environmental and edaphic factors, and the role of human activities on soil C dynamics. This is especially true in soils of the tropics, which are diverse and often less studied relative to temperate soils. This dissertation sought to address these uncertainties by looking at the effect of several different anthropogenic global change drivers on soil C across a diversity of soils in Puerto Rico. The effect of long-term experimental nitrogen enrichment on soil C content weakened over time and differed within lowland and montane forests, highlighting heterogeneity in responses at the landscape level. Natural abundance radiocarbon (14C) measurements indicated the dynamic nature of soil C in these forests, as the majority of C cycled on decadal time scales, even in mineral-associated fractions that are thought to be quite stable. In a regional study comparing controls on soil carbon turnover under different land covers across the island, soil properties related to parent material and soil weathering, including iron and aluminum concentrations and pH, had a greater influence on the distribution of C among soil fractions and their turnover rate than land cover and land use. Soil C and nitrogen (N) did not differ within a secondary forest chronosequence along a soil-weathering gradient, but C increased with soil pH. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses of soil organic matter revealed differences in chemistry in buried soils depending on their exposure to the modern soil surface. This work emphasizes the importance of soil physical and chemical properties in influencing soil C dynamics and highlights the complex nature of interactions among human activities, natural disturbances, and soils in heterogenous landscapes.
Nuclear Science Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975-02
Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-02 with Nuclear energy categories.
New Zealand Journal Of Agricultural Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
New Zealand Journal Of Agricultural Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
Sequestration And Turnover Of Soil Organic Carbon
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Author : Laurie J. Osher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Sequestration And Turnover Of Soil Organic Carbon written by Laurie J. Osher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Factors And Mechanisms Controlling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Subsoils Of Agricultural Sites
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Author : Juliane Strücker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Factors And Mechanisms Controlling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Subsoils Of Agricultural Sites written by Juliane Strücker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Soil Biochemistry
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Author : E. A. Paul
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1981-04-01
Soil Biochemistry written by E. A. Paul and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-04-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Chemistry and turnover of naturally occurring resistant organic compounds in soil; In situ analysis of soil components of biological origin; Oxidate coupling of aromatic compounds by ensymes from soil microorganisms; Control of urea transformations in soils; Chemistry and distribution of amino sugars in soils and soil organisms; Biochemistry, ecology, and microbiology of petroleum components in soil; Biological nitrogen fixation; Denitrification; Heavy metals in soil biology and biochemistry; Microbial biomass in soil: measurement and turnover.