Factors Influencing Conversion And Volume Stability In Calcium Aluminate Cement Systems
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Factors Influencing Conversion And Volume Stability In Calcium Aluminate Cement Systems
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Author : Matthew Peter Adams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Factors Influencing Conversion And Volume Stability In Calcium Aluminate Cement Systems written by Matthew Peter Adams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Alumina cement categories.
There is renewed interest in North America for the use of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) in infrastructure repair. The interest is driven by the specialty properties that make CAC the ideal candidate for particular applications. These include rapid strength gain, even at temperatures approaching 0°C, the ability to customize fresh property characteristics, high abrasion resistance, and resistance to chemical corrosion. Despite the advantages that CAC can bring to infrastructure repair projects, it is still not well understood within the North American construction community. There are three main topics that are limiting the use of CAC in the construction industry today: (1) a general lack-of-understanding within the construction industry of the conversion process that occurs in CAC systems; (2) there is no standardized accelerated test method for determining the minimum converted strength of CAC concrete; and (3) there are insufficient data on the long-term performance of concrete made with CAC, particularly as a repair material in transportation infrastructure. The work presented in this dissertation addresses these topics in an effort to provide information for and tools for construction professionals interested in using CAC in infrastructure repair situations. Conversion of the hydration products of concrete where CAC is the only binder is a well-known phenomenon which is accompanied by the formation of porosity and strength loss. Presented in this dissertation is an accelerated test method for determining the converted strength of CAC concrete that is convenient for use in the field. Robustness of this test method is examined. The effects of water to cement materials ratio (w/cm), curing temperature during initial 24 hours after casting, length of time prior to being placed in 50°C water bath, and aggregate source are examined. Results indicated that the test method is viable for use in the field, however writing of a standard based on this method will require careful consideration to take into account impact of temperature impact and aggregate source on time to conversion. Variability of the test method between four laboratories was also examined and showed that variability within CAC systems is higher when compared to ordinary portland cement (OPC) systems. Also presented is a study of the impact of replacing CAC with finely ground limestone (FGLS) at rates of 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%. These results showed that replacement rates up to 5% can significantly improve the converted strength of CAC concrete without impacting rapid strength gain prior to conversion. A further examination of the impact of aggregate type on hydration, conversion, and strength development in CAC systems is also presented. Concrete systems made with nine different coarse aggregate sources and six different fine aggregate sources were cast. Carbonate limestone aggregate systems experienced delayed times to conversion and experienced less strength reduction due to conversion compared to siliceous limestone and siliceous river gravel aggregates. Further examination was done to study the pore solution chemistry, porosity, and microstructure of one carbonate limestone and one siliceous river gravel system. These results indicated that the siliceous river gravel system had lower ionic activity within its pore solution at all ages, and had significantly lower pH compared to the carbonate limestone system. Additionally, the siliceous river gravel system formed poor interfacial transition zones and had higher overall porosity compared to the carbonate limestone system. Theories explaining the differences between these two systems are presented. Finally, an examination of volume stability of CAC systems compared to calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) and OPC systems is presented. Systems based on CAC experienced the highest levels of chemical, autogenous, and drying shrinkage. It was found that the rapid setting nature of CAC and CSA systems caused the pore structures to develop quickly resulting in an increase in the rate of early age shrinkage compared to the OPC system. Additionally, the impact of length of curing on drying shrinkage was examined for CSA and CAC systems. Results showed that length of curing did not impact overall drying shrinkage in either system.
Early Age Behavior Of Calcium Aluminate Cement Systems
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Author : Jason H. Ideker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Early Age Behavior Of Calcium Aluminate Cement Systems written by Jason H. Ideker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Calcium aluminate categories.
Compared to the knowledge base for ordinary portland cement concrete (OPCC), relatively little information exists for calcium aluminate cement concrete (CACC), despite its existence for over 100 years. There is particularly a lack of knowledge related to early-age behavior of CACC, specifically volume change and cracking potential. To assess these early-age properties, two unique pieces of equipment were developed and employed: a rigid cracking frame and free deformation frame which enabled quantification of restrained stress generation and unrestrained autogenous deformation, respectively. These two pieces of equipment employed active temperature control and allowed a wide range of isothermal and realistic temperature conditions to be imposed upon hydrating cementitious samples. Match-cured samples (i.e. identical temperature curing to that in the frames) enabled the quantification of mechanical property development. Samples cured at discrete isothermal temperatures up to 30 °C developed tensile forces in the rigid cracking frame and exhibited shrinkage phenomena in the free deformation frame. At temperatures above 30 °C, the converse was true and significant compressive forces developed in restrained testing and expansion was observed in unrestrained testing. It was found that this was a direct result of microstructural development related to the formation of metastable phases (associated with shrinkage) and stable phases (expansion as a result of conversion from metastable to stable phases). Proper use of this material must take into account behavior associated with both types of hydrate assemblages, metastable and stable. Realistic time-temperature histories were also investigated based on field-scale concrete cast as part of this research project. It was found that volume change at earlyage was dominantly controlled by thermal history. Furthermore, it was not simply the maximum temperature reached, but the rate of temperature rise during hydration and the resulting duration of time spent at high temperature that profoundly influenced volume change and property development. The research described in this dissertation represents a significant advancement of the state-of-knowledge of this unique material and has further elucidated the role of temperature during hydration of CACC.
Hydration And Dimensional Stability Of Calcium Aluminate Cement Based Systems
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Author : Julien Bizzozero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Hydration And Dimensional Stability Of Calcium Aluminate Cement Based Systems written by Julien Bizzozero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Influence Of Pozzolanic Material In The Conversion And Corrosion Behaviour Of Calcium Aluminate Cement
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Author : Jeanette Dorol Sio
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Influence Of Pozzolanic Material In The Conversion And Corrosion Behaviour Of Calcium Aluminate Cement written by Jeanette Dorol Sio and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Alumina cement categories.
Multi Scale Characterization Implementation And Monitoring Of Calcium Aluminate Cement Based Systems
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Author : Anthony Frederick Bentivegna
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Multi Scale Characterization Implementation And Monitoring Of Calcium Aluminate Cement Based Systems written by Anthony Frederick Bentivegna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is a rapid hardening cementitious material often used in niche concrete repairs where high early-age strength and robust durability are required. This research project characterized the implications of the additions of various mineral and chemical admixtures to plain CAC to mitigate strength reductions associated with conversion, an inevitable strength reduction associated with the densification of metastable hydrates (CAH10 and C2AH8) to stable hydrates (C3AH6 and AH3). The effect of these admixtures on early-age strength development, volume change, and the correlation to macro-scale performance were reported in this dissertation. Various mixtures of CAC were investigated including: pure CAC, binary blends of CAC with fly ash (Class C) or CaCO3, and ternary blends of CAC with slag and silica fume. Characterization of the influence of these admixtures on hydration was completed using x-ray diffraction, isothermal calorimetry, and chemical shrinkage. Investigations on the implications of early-age volume change were conducted for autogenous deformation. In addition to laboratory testing, the final phase of the project was to correlate and elucidate the data generated in the laboratory to real-world field performance. Field trials were conducted to evaluate and monitor the behavior of CAC systems and investigate the link between laboratory generated research and actual large scale behavior.
Cement And Concrete Chemistry
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Author : Wieslaw Kurdowski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
Release Date : 2014-04-24
Cement And Concrete Chemistry written by Wieslaw Kurdowski and has been published by Springer Science & Business this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-24 with Science categories.
This monograph describes cement clinker formation. It covers multicomponent systems, clinker phase structures and their reactions with water, hydrate composition and structure, as well as their physical properties. The mineral additions to cement are described as are their influence on cement-paste properties. Special cements are also discussed. The microstructure of concrete is then presented, and special emphasis is given to the role of the interfacial transition zone, and the corrosion processes in the light of cement-phase composition, mineral additions and w/c ratio. The admixtures' role in modern concrete technology is described with an emphasis on superplasticizer chemistry and its cement-paste rheological modification mechanism. Cement with atypical properties, such as calcium aluminate, white, low energy and expansive cements are characterized. The last part of the book is devoted to special types of concrete such as self compacting and to reactive powders.
Strontium Aluminate
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Author : Petr Ptáček
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2014-07-02
Strontium Aluminate written by Petr Ptáček and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Strontium aluminate cement is special inorganic cement with the properties which make it favorable for various special applications such as refractory products, macro defect free (MDF) composites, blended cements and expansive cements for high temperature applications. There is an immense number of possible combinations which can be made to prepare blended and multicomponent cements and to investigate the influence of substitutions on the properties of strontium aluminate. Divided into ten sections, this book provides the latest research achievements in many aspects of this binder. The manufacturing, the hydration process, the setting behavior and the properties are described. The book contains many original and firstly published experimental research results obtained during writing. Currently there is no comprehensive work on this topic in literature. From this point of view, the book is a pilot work on this topic and should attract the attention of researchers and bring further progress of this topic.
Special Inorganic Cements
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Author : Ivan Odler
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-09-02
Special Inorganic Cements written by Ivan Odler and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The only book to cover the use of special inorganic cements instead of standard Portland cement in certain specialist applications, such as oil well drilling or in a high temperature location. Special Inorganic Cements draws together information which is widely scattered in the technical literature. It describes various special cements, their chemistry and mineralogy along with the appropriate manufacturing processes, their hydration and hydration properties, and their applications.
Structure And Performance Of Cements Second Edition
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Author : P. Barnes
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-11-01
Structure And Performance Of Cements Second Edition written by P. Barnes and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-01 with Architecture categories.
Drawing together a multinational team of authors, this second edition of Structure and Performance of Cements highlights the latest global advances in the field of cement technology. Three broad categories are covered: basic materials and methods, cement extenders, and techniques of examination. Within these categories consideration has been given to environmental issues such as the use of waste materials in cement-burning as supplementary fuels and new and improved methods of instrumentation for examining structural aspects and performance of cements. This book also covers cement production, mineralogy and hydration, as well as the mechanical properties of cement, and the corrosion and durability of cementitious systems. Special cements are included, along with calcium aluminate and blended cements together with a consideration of the role of gypsum in cements. Structure and Performance of Cements is an invaluable key reference for academics, researchers and practitioners alike.
Cement Chemistry
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Author : H F W Taylor
language : en
Publisher: Thomas Telford
Release Date : 1997-04
Cement Chemistry written by H F W Taylor and has been published by Thomas Telford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-04 with Science categories.
A revised and updated text on cement chemistry. This edition forms a comprehensive and in-depth reference work that explains in detail all aspects of cement chemistry.