Factors Influencing Sterile Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Recapture Dispersion And Effectiveness As A Control Tactic In Apple Orchard Systems
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Factors Influencing Sterile Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Recapture Dispersion And Effectiveness As A Control Tactic In Apple Orchard Systems
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Author : Robert T. Curtiss (III)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Factors Influencing Sterile Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Recapture Dispersion And Effectiveness As A Control Tactic In Apple Orchard Systems written by Robert T. Curtiss (III) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Electronic dissertations categories.
The sterile insect technique is a proven technology used in the control and eradication of a number of pest insects over large areas. However, using this technology on a farm scale is a new and unproven application that until now has not been explored. This dissertation examines the impact of integrating the sterile insect technique for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) into existing farm-scale commercial apple pest management programs, methods of release, the sterile insect's interactions with the orchard, how existing management schemes are compatible with releases of sterile C. pomonella, the role of sterile female moths and dispersive distances. The main objectives were to 1) determine the impact of release methods on moth dispersal; 2) measure moth dispersal in contemporary trellised or netted orchards, and in orchards planted on steep terrain; 3) determine male and female dispersal in orchards treated with pheromone mating disruption; 4) establish release densities and timings to manage C. pomonella; 5) integrate sterile codling moths into existing commercial apple pest management programs; 6) elucidate the role of sterile females in controlling C. pomonella males; 7) determine the probability of male and female codling moth catches from specified distances using traps baited with a pheromone/kairomone combination lure in a single-trap, multiple-release experimental design; and 8) apply this information for estimating trap plume reach, maximum moth dispersive distance and absolute pest density based on moth catch in traps. Comparison of releases by hand at a single central location versus evenly released throughout the orchard showed higher overall recapture of sterile moths in all traps placed within the orchard when they were released at the center, suggesting that higher numbers of moths were retained in targeted areas with this method. For releases by hand or by unmanned aerial systems (UAS), recapture of sterile moths was higher when released by UAS. Orchard characteristics were found to impact sterile moth dispersal from single central locations; moths moved away from release points more in trellised orchards than in those with large old single trees. Male and female dispersal in orchards with mating disruption was similar, but shorter than in orchards without mating disruption. Sterile codling moths released on commercial farms controlled wild populations when released at densities ranging from 500 to 2000/ha and increasing numbers of sterile females were shown to increase the disruption of wild populations. Deploying sterile males and females at lower densities than the standard 2000/ha or targeting the peak flight of one or both generations showed promise as a means of making SIT a more cost-effective tactic for managing C. pomonella at a farm scale. In orchards with mating disruption, the plume reach of a single codling moth trap baited with a PHEROCON® CM-DA COMBOTM Lure + AA Lure (Trece, Inc.) was found to be very small, maximum dispersal distance was ca. 100-130m, corresponding to a trapping radius of ca 3-5ha. Pest density estimates, based on capture of a single moth in traps, were shown to correspond to 113-180 moths/ha.
Effects Of Mating Disruption For Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Lepidoptera Tortricidae Control On Arthropod Population And Damage Levels In Apple Orchards
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Author : David Keith Eyles
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Effects Of Mating Disruption For Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Lepidoptera Tortricidae Control On Arthropod Population And Damage Levels In Apple Orchards written by David Keith Eyles and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Apples categories.
Exploring Sterile Insect Technique For Management Of Codling Moth In Michigan
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Author : Megan Abigail Andrews
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Exploring Sterile Insect Technique For Management Of Codling Moth In Michigan written by Megan Abigail Andrews and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Electronic dissertations categories.
The use of sterile insect technique (SIT) for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) management has been proven successful at suppressing wild populations, allowing for the reduction of insecticide applications. Most of this research has occurred in British Columbia, Canada and Washington, United States. In this thesis, I demonstrate how this tool might be utilized in Michigan apple orchards. I first looked at how male and female C. pomonella respond to traps baited with different chemical cues in Michigan compared to Washington in a 2-year study. I found a difference in the sex ratios of recaptured codling moths between the two states, demonstrating that lure performance is different based upon regional differences. In addition to monitoring traps, I investigated how to apply sterile insect technique in Michigan where a farm-scale approach is necessary due to the relatively small size of orchards in this region. I compared the timing of releases during the season (1st generation, 2nd generation, or season long) in addition to the rate of moths released (half or full rate). The full rate released for first generation or season long had consistently low wild male moth captures throughout the season. Finally, we tested the method of the release (self-released, released in the canopy, or released on the ground) and found that there was no significant difference between the release methods tested. These results can inform future development of codling moth management programs for Michigan apple orchards that include the sterile insect release.
Susceptibility Of The Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Lepidoptera Tortricidae And Two Other Major Lepidopterous Apple Pests In Missouri To Commonly Used Orchard Insecticides
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Author : Kathleen L. Chapman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Susceptibility Of The Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Lepidoptera Tortricidae And Two Other Major Lepidopterous Apple Pests In Missouri To Commonly Used Orchard Insecticides written by Kathleen L. Chapman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Apples categories.
Host Selection Reproductive Biology Host Specific Development And Mortality Of The Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Lepidoptera Torticidae In Apple And Pear
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Author : Santiago Marti Marti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Host Selection Reproductive Biology Host Specific Development And Mortality Of The Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L Lepidoptera Torticidae In Apple And Pear written by Santiago Marti Marti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Apples categories.
The biology and behavior of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was studied to determine factors responsible for differences in susceptibility to moth damage among apple and pear cultivars. In release experiments, codling moth adults were intercepted in significantly greater numbers in host (apple, pear) than in non-host (maple) trees, suggesting a directed response rather than random movement to host trees. There was no correlation between adult preference for certain hosts and the susceptibility of the hosts to codling moth attack. Adults were guided by cues from the tree canopy, foliage and fruit. Cues from host fruit were less important at the beginning of the season. Similar adult behavior patterns were observed in different coding moth strains. However, moths reared on apples were guided more by olfactory cues from fruit than sterilized moths reared on artificial diet. The percentage of moths mating under caged conditions was higher in apple and pear than in maple trees. In host plants, stimuli from fruit were not essential for mating. The egg distribution in the field varied through the season depending on the host cultivar. However, mean distance of eggs to fruit, as well as larval travel speed, was not different among host cultivars. Selection of an oviposition site by the adult female was affected by several factors, including visual, chemical, and tactile stimuli of host fruit, as well as anatomical (pubescence) and chemical (oviposition stimulants) properties of leaves. There were no differences in natural mortality and developmental rates of the egg stage on host cultivars. However, there were significant differences in first instar larval mortality among hosts over most of the season. Mortality was much higher on 'Anjou' than on 'Bartlett' and 'Red Delicious', except at the end of the season. Differential first instar mortality was due to the different rate of success in entering the fruit. The ability to penetrate fruit was correlated with infestation levels observed in the field and related both to neonate behavior and anatomical characteristics of host fruits. Larval food source did not affect larval and pupal development rates, adult fecundity, or egg viability.
New Approaches To Codling Moth Control In Orange District Apple Orchards
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Author : William Graham Thwaite
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
New Approaches To Codling Moth Control In Orange District Apple Orchards written by William Graham Thwaite and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Apples categories.
A Novel Feeding Deterrent For The Control Of The Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L
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Author : Cory Alexander Creed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
A Novel Feeding Deterrent For The Control Of The Codling Moth Cydia Pomonella L written by Cory Alexander Creed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Apples categories.
Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is a major pest of apples in both North America and Europe, capable of causing up to 40 billion dollars in crop damage each year. Control of this pest through traditional chemical means has proven difficult, as the neonates are only exposed to spray residues for a very brief period. In the lab I have been studying an alternative fruit protection strategy, using botanical feeding deterrents. Here, I concentrated on feeding deterrent effects of crude extracts from various species of wormwood. The extract isolated from Artemisia arborescens L."Powis Castle" prevented fruit infestation by 22 of 24 codling moth neonates, while no other species showed any significant action. In order to test the plant material for its active chemical constituent, a system was devised on the principles of planar chromatography. A chamber was constructed in which to catalog and analyze these samples by using a commercially available camera, ultraviolet light and freely available public software. Results of this analysis suggested the presence of alpha-thujone only in A. arborescens. Further experiments showed that isolated alpha-thujone indeed prevents fruit infestation by codling moth neonates in a concentration dependent manner (concentrations of 10, 30 and 100 mg/ml were effective). However, analysis of feeding deterrent activity showed that crude extracts of A. arborescens were effective at concentrations as low as 1 mg/ml, demonstrating that alpha-thujone is not the only deterrent constituent.
The Use Of Integrated Control And The Sterile Insect Technique For Control Of The Codling Moth
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Author : Erich Dickler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
The Use Of Integrated Control And The Sterile Insect Technique For Control Of The Codling Moth written by Erich Dickler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.
Area Wide Control Of Insect Pests
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Author : M.J.B. Vreysen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-30
Area Wide Control Of Insect Pests written by M.J.B. Vreysen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-30 with Science categories.
Insect pests are becoming a problem of ever-more biblical proportions. This new textbook collates a series of selected papers that attempt to address various fundamental components of area-wide insect pest control. Of special interest are the numerous papers on pilot and operational programs that pay special attention to practical problems encountered during program implementation. It’s a compilation of more than 60 papers authored by experts from more than 30 countries.
Rearing Codling Moth For The Sterile Insect Technique
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Author : Victor Arnold Dyck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Rearing Codling Moth For The Sterile Insect Technique written by Victor Arnold Dyck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Codling moth categories.