Family Marriage Markets And Inequality
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Marriage Markets
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Author : June Carbone
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014
Marriage Markets written by June Carbone and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Business & Economics categories.
"June Carbone and Naomi Cahn examine how macroeconomic forces are transforming marriage, and how working class and lower income families have paid the highest price."--Provided by publisher.
Family Marriage Markets And Inequality
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Author : Simon Weber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Family Marriage Markets And Inequality written by Simon Weber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This dissertation deals with couple formation on the marriage market, and adopts a perspective that focuses on inequality both at the between- and within-household levels. Chapter 1 deals with the role of marital preferences on growing income inequalities between households. Edoardo Ciscato and I use mating patterns in the United States from 1962 to 2015 to measure the impact of changes in marital preferences on between-household inequality. Using structural methods, we show that if mating patterns had not changed since 1971, the 2015 Gini coefficient between households would be lower by 6%. In chapter 2, I propose to bring together the literature on matching models and collective models. To do so, Alfred Galichon, Scott Kominers and myself construct a matching framework with imperfectly transferable utility. We show existence and uniqueness of equilibrium and provide two algorithms to compute the equilibrium. We also provide guiding steps for estimation by maximum likelihood as well as an empirical illustration. Chapter 3 explores further the integration of collective models into the ITU matching framework. I develop the idea that the distribution of bargaining power is endogenous to the determination of an equilibrium on the marriage market. I characterize classes of collective models that can be embedded in the ITU setting. I provide computational techniques to estimate these models. I provide a full application of my results using collective model that features private consumption, leisure and a public good produced from time inputs.
Unequal Family Lives
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Author : Naomi R. Cahn
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-08-02
Unequal Family Lives written by Naomi R. Cahn and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume explores the causes and consequences of family inequality in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.
Enduring Bonds
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Author : Philip N. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2018-02-06
Enduring Bonds written by Philip N. Cohen and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-06 with Social Science categories.
In Enduring Bonds, Philip N. Cohen, renowned sociologist and blogger of the wildly popular and insightful Family Inequality, examines the complex landscape of today's diverse families. Through his interpretive lens and lively discussions, Cohen encourages us to alter our point of view on families, sharing new ideas about the future of marriage, the politics of research, and how data can either guide or mislead us. Deftly balancing personal stories and social science research, and accessibly written for students, Cohen shares essays that tie current events to demographic data. Class-tested in Cohen’s own lectures and courses, Enduring Bonds challenges students to think critically about the role of families, gender, and inequality in our society today.
Incomes And Outcomes
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Author : Jing Liu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Incomes And Outcomes written by Jing Liu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Husbands categories.
In this thesis we study the interdependency of individual decisions on work and family, particularly the dynamic interaction of the marriage market and the labor market. My basic idea is that marital status affects individual labor supply decisions, and in turn, labor market condition influences marriage formation and dissolution. While these interactions are evident, the overwhelming majority of research on labor or family economics usually simplifies the individual decision-making by assuming that one of two markets outcomes is given while studying the other one. In the empirical study, endogeneity issues are troublesome, especially under the dynamic setting. My work takes a different approach. I directly model the individual decision-making, which describes how marriage market and labor market interact with each other; and matching with survey data we empirically recover the underlying economic environments that characterize the structure of the marriage market and the labor market. I further examine to what extent my model explains the observed facts. Very few studies have been conducted to explore work and family issues in this direction partly due to its complexity. The structural models, besides the conventional regression, improve our perceptions on how individuals form decisions on work and family, which have far-reaching implications on policy designs and welfare evaluations. In my thesis, I explore all these issues in three steps. In chapter 1, I explain a stylized fact that there exists a positive correlation between rising wage inequality and declining marriage rates. A two-sided matching model is developed to exploit a theoretical channel through which wage inequality affects marriage rates. My model features a steady state equilibrium in which the whole marriage market is divided into groups and only people in the same group will marry each other. Using the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) data from 1970 to 2000, my estimates indicate that a structural change occurs in the U.S. marriage market. The higher matching efficiency and declining elasticity of men suggest that the nowadays marriage market provides more chance to meet and better gender equity, though higher arrival rates also raise the outside options of getting married. Additionally, I find that wage inequality accounts for over 38% of the decline in marriage rate, which is underestimated in Gould (2003). Chapter 2 examines household dynamic labor supply after introducing bargaining between husbands and wives, which has not been thoroughly studied previously in literature. Here bargaining between husbands and wives determines the amount of husbands' earnings that are transferred to wives for their private consumption. A household search model that incorporates the intrahousehold bargaining is developed and estimated using panel data from the year 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). My results show that the portion of household income shared by husbands for private consumption is responsive to their employment status, suggesting the existence of the bargaining between the U.S. couples. My findings also imply that the labor supply of women will increase with higher women wage and lower money transfer from husbands to wives, showing that the income effect dominates for wives. Moreover, the wage frontier of husbands is positively correlated with wives' wages and negatively correlated with husbands' earnings transferred to wives, highlighting that husbands are subject to both the income effect and intra-household bargaining, and their decisions depend on which effect dominates. In the third and the last chapter, I study household unemployment duration. Previously, most studies have addressed the topic of job search at the individual level. This chapter studies job search patterns of married couples and in particular compares couple's unemployment duration given their spousal earnings. A household search model is introduced, which includes the bargaining between husbands and wives. I use the year 2001 panel data Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to estimate the structural model of family decisions. Our findings reveal that there exists a gender asymmetry in job search of the U.S. household: The more husbands earn, the longer wives search for a job; but the more wives earn, the sooner husbands find a job.
The Free Market Family
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Author : Maxine Eichner
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2019-12-19
The Free Market Family written by Maxine Eichner and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-19 with Law categories.
A steady drumbeat of bad news about the state of our nation has convinced Americans that our country has gone off the rails. But where, exactly, did we go wrong? Maxine Eichner argues that the problem is that market pressures are overwhelming American families today. Eichner links "free-market family policy," a system in which families must fend for themselves without help from the government, to unstable relationships, reduced lifespans, kids' declining academicachievement, and low levels of happiness, compared with other wealthy countries. What's called for, she argues, is market regulation and an economy structured around supporting families.
Marriage Market And Intra Household Allocation
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Author : Marion Goussé
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Marriage Market And Intra Household Allocation written by Marion Goussé and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This dissertation deals with family formation, family organization and education systems. The first two chapters study how people choose their partners and how they share their income. First, I focus on couple formation and I model how people meet and decide to match or not. People can choose their partner according to their education level, their wage and their physical attractiveness. Using American data, I observe who matches with whom and who stays single and for how long to recover the preferences of individuals in terms of mating. The second chapter attempts to understand how the efficiency and the sorting of the marriage market could impact economic outcomes such as income inequalities or labor supplies. In this chapter, when people marry, they share their income and decide how much each of them will work on the market and at home to raise children or do the housework. Using British data, I recover the amount of monetary transfers which exist between household members and show that these transfers make married women work less on the market and married men work more. The last two chapters of this dissertation focus on the French education system and on the impact of grade retention policies. In the third chapter I use decomposition methods to assess to which extent the decrease in French student’s score at PISA tests can be attributed to the changes in student’s characteristics or to the changes in school returns. Finally, in the last chapter, I use an estimation strategy to get rid of this selection effect and we use a panel data on French High School students to evaluate the impact of grade retention on their scores.
Marriage Matching Over Five Centuries In China
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Author : Carol H. Shiue
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Marriage Matching Over Five Centuries In China written by Carol H. Shiue and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
In the marriage market, families make investments on behalf of their young so that they are able to form a household with their preferred partner. We analyze marriage markets in a central region of China between about 1300 and 1850 through the lens of a model of marriage matching and intergenerational transmission of inequality. For both female and male children, marriage patterns are far from being random, instead, there is positive assortative matching. This is present for the entire income distribution, though at the highest levels matching on income is thirty times of what it is at low income levels. Over the sample period the degree of matching falls, and more so for young females, although from a lower level than young males. Lower marriage matching in the 18th and 19th centuries is accompanied by lower inequality across households, yielding a positive time series correlation between sorting and inequality. There are also intergenerational matching returns. Children of parents who are strongly matched tend to be able to marry into relatively high-income in-law families, conditional on the incomes in both the father's and the mother's families. Matching in the parent generation pays off more strongly for male than for female children. Second, marriage matching by the parents raises child income. Thus, parental marriage investments affect the income distribution from one generation to the next. Finally, we show that intergenerational matching returns have declined over the sample period, further strengthening evidence that incentives for parental marriage investments in China became weaker over time.
Who Marries Whom
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Author : Hans-Peter Blossfeld
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Who Marries Whom written by Hans-Peter Blossfeld and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Social Science categories.
Marriage and social inequality are closely interrelated. Marriage is dependent on the structure of marriage markets, and marriage patterns have consequences for social inequality. This book demonstrates that in most modern societies the educa tional system has become an increasingly important marriage market, particularly for those who are highly qualified. Educational expansion in general and the rising educational participation of women in particular unintentionally have increased the rate of "assortative meeting" and assortative mating across birth cohorts. Rising educational homogamy means that social inequality is further enhanced through marriage because better (and worse) educated single men and women pool their economic and sociocultural advantages (and disadvantages) within couples. In this book we study the changing role of the educational system as a marriage market in modern societies from a cross-national comparative perspective. Using life-history data from a broad range of industrialized countries and longitudinal statistical models, we analyze the process of spouse selection in the life courses of single men and women, step by step. The countries included in this book vary widely in important characteristics such as demographic behavior and institutional characteristics. The life course approach explicitly recognizes the dynamic nature of partner decisions, the importance of educational roles and institutional circum stances as young men and women move through their life paths, and the cumulation of advantages and disadvantages experienced by individuals.
Marriage Markets During The Transition To Adulthood In The United States
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Author : David Michael McClendon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Marriage Markets During The Transition To Adulthood In The United States written by David Michael McClendon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The marriage market is a fundamental concept in social-demographic work on marriage and family patterns because it draws attention to the consequences of population structure and social organization for what many consider to be personal decisions about whether, when, and who to marry. I use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 on a contemporary cohort of young adults in the United States to update our understanding of how marriage markets influence marriage timing and partner selection in light of rapid social, economic, and demographic changes of the past half century. By adopting a marriage-market approach, I also offer a new perspective on social forces behind recent family trends and clarify their significance for the strength of social boundaries in society. First, I examine the consequences of sex ratios--a key demographic characteristic of the marriage market--for men's marriage behavior. Contrary to existing theories, I find that the sex ratio's influence depends on men's life course stage, union status, and education. The results support theories that emphasize social context and growing economic inequality, rather than innate gender differences, to explain recent marriage declines in the United States. Next, I turn to the religious composition of the marriage market to understand religious intermarriage trends. I find that higher concentrations of same-faith partners are associated with increases in religious homogamy (relative to intermarriage) as well as marriage timing. The results imply that spouse's religion remains relevant to marriage decisions in young adulthood, even as religious intermarriage has become more commonplace. Finally, I consider the role of schools in sorting partners. Drawing on newly collected college transcript data, I focus on young adults with some college and ask whether college attendance provides opportunities to meet college-educated partners that improve their marriage prospects relative to peers with no college experience. The results offer mixed support for my hypotheses and imply that schools will likely play a smaller role in educational assortative mating as ages at marriage continue to climb. Overall, this dissertation improves our understanding of marriage markets and their consequences for marriage and partnering behavior in young adulthood.