Famous Landmarks Of Ancient Rome
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Famous Landmarks Of Ancient Rome
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-11-08
Famous Landmarks Of Ancient Rome written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-08 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the landmarks written by ancient Romans *Includes bibliographies for further reading *Includes a table of contents The Roman Empire is the most famous in history, and the center of the far-reaching empire's activities was located in the Forum, a low area between the Capitoline and Palatine hills in Rome. The topography held a great deal of significance for Romans, and consequently so many layers of myth were laid on top of the landscape and buildings that it is difficult to separate legend from actual historical fact. As a low-lying area near the Tiber river, the Forum was subject to much flooding, and even into the 20th century, the Forum area could flood upwards of over 40 feet above sea level. This would factor significantly in the imagination of Romans, who later ascribed the flooding with saving the city's founders, Romulus and Remus, from execution. However, in the 8th and 7th centuries B.C., this did not make for a good area for construction. Previous generations of excavators have concluded that in the beginning, there were waddle and daub huts in the Forum, as indicated by remains of organic food material, fragments of daub, and evidence of post holes dug in the ground for these structures. However, a recent environmental study has shown that such structures could not survive the flooding that was endemic to the Forum, suggesting that it took a few hundred years (during the period of the Roman kings) for the Romans to move up to 20,000 square meters of earth in order to reclaim land in the Forum, and a gravel pavement was placed on top of the landfill. If true, this project shows a high degree of organization and central planning. When the Colosseum was built in the late 1st century A.D., the Romans, a people known for their architectural acumen, managed to amaze themselves. Martial, a Roman poet writing during the inauguration of the Colosseum, clearly believed the Colosseum was so grand a monument that it was even greater than the other Wonders of the Ancient World, which had been written about and visited endlessly by the Romans and Greeks in antiquity. Indeed, although the Wonders were wondrous to behold, the Colosseum was a spectacular achievement in architecture, something new and innovative, and therefore an amazing "Wonder" in its own way. The Colosseum was designed to be both a symbol and show of strength by the famous Flavian emperors, most notably Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian. Vespasian had started the construction of the Colosseum shortly after becoming emperor in 69 A.D., but he died before he could present any spectacles in his giant amphitheatre. That honor went to his son Titus, who celebrated the inaugural opening in 80 A.D. with 100 days of games, despite the fact that the Colosseum was not completely finished. When his brother Domitian came to power in 81 A.D., he finished the amphitheatre, but not without making some changes to the overall design. By the time it was truly finished, the Colosseum stood about 150 feet tall, with the oval in the center stretching nearly two football fields long and over 500 feet across. The Colosseum is a large stadium even by today's standards, and its great size conveys the power of the empire as it dominates the landscape and towers over nearby buildings. The modern world has the ancient Romans to thank for the origins of many modern technologies, conveniences, and ideas such as running water, baths, and republican style government, but roads are another influence the Romans have had on the modern world that are often taken for granted. Although Roman roads may not have attained the glamorous status of other inventions, their influence is just as profound; roads provide essential communication and transport lines for any country - they are the veins and arteries that move the life-blood of trade and peoples that make a country thrive.
Londinium And Hadrian S Wall
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-01-11
Londinium And Hadrian S Wall written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-11 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts of the landmarks *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading The famous conqueror from the European continent came ashore with thousands of men, ready to set up a new kingdom in England. The Britons had resisted the amphibious invasion from the moment his forces landed, but he was able to push forward. In a large winter battle, the Britons' large army attacked the invaders but was eventually routed, and the conqueror was able to set up a new kingdom. Over 1,100 years before William the Conqueror became the King of England after the Battle of Hastings, Julius Caesar came, saw, and conquered part of "Britannia," setting up a Roman province with a puppet king in 54 B.C. In the new province, the Romans eventually constructed a military outpost overlooking a bridge across the River Thames. The new outpost was named Londinium, and it covered just over two dozen acres. Londinium was initially little more than a small military outpost near the northern boundary of the Roman province of Britannia, but its access to the River Thames and the North Sea made it a valuable location for a port. During the middle of the first century A.D., the Romans conducted another invasion of the British Isles, after which Londinium began to grow rapidly. As the Romans stationed legions there to defend against the Britons, Londinium became a thriving international port, allowing trade with Rome and other cities across the empire. By the 2nd century A.D., Londinium was a large Roman city, with tens of thousands of inhabitants using villas, palaces, a forum, temples, and baths. The Roman governor ruled from the city in a basilica that served as the seat of government. What was once a 30 acre outpost now spanned 300 acres and was home to nearly 15,000 people, including Roman soldiers, officials and foreign merchants. The Romans also built heavy defenses for the city, constructing several forts and the massive London Wall, parts of which are still scattered across the city today. Ancient Roman remains continue to dot London's landscape today, reminding everyone that almost a millennium before it became the home of royalty, London was already a center of power. The Romans were master builders, and much of what they built has stood the test of time. Throughout their vast empire they have left grand structures, from the Forum and Pantheon in Rome to the theatres and hippodromes of North Africa and the triumphal gates in Anatolia and France. Wherever they went, the Romans built imposing structures to show their power and ability, and one of their most impressive constructions was built on the northernmost fringe of the empire. Shortly after the emperor Hadrian came to power in the early 2nd century CE, he decided to seal off Scotland from Roman Britain with an ambitious wall stretching from sea to sea. To accomplish this, the wall had to be built from the mouth of the River Tyne - where Newcastle stands today - 80 Roman miles (76 miles or 122 kilometers) west to Bowness-on-Solway. The sheer scale of the job still impresses people today, and Hadrian's Wall has the advantage of being systematically studied and partially restored. A study of the wall and its history provide an insight not only into the political context of Rome at the time but the empire's incredible engineering capabilities. Londinium and Hadrian's Wall: The History of Ancient Rome's Most Famous Landmarks in Britain analyzes the history of the influential Roman presence in England, and the ruins that remain thousands of years later. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about Londinium and Hadrian's Wall like never before.
Roman Arches
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Author : Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-03
Roman Arches written by Charles River Editors and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-03 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading Some of the most iconic symbols of the Roman Empire that have survived into the modern world today are the arches that Romans erected to commemorate military victories and glorify individual emperors. The story of how arches came to be used throughout the Roman world in such a way is one that involves the evolution of the military and its leaders into the political forces that came to dominate the state, and those arches, along with the triumphs that came to be associated with many of them, were key parts in the process of exhibiting the might of both Rome. At the same time, they were meant to mark the individual achievements of Rome's rulers, making them an enormous and expensive PR exercise that steadily grew over the years. At its most basic, and in its earliest incarnation, the arch was a celebration of achievement and, as such, was part of a whole series of methods used by the Romans to record, reward, and publicize success. However, as the imperial period progressed, the arch came to symbolize much more and became exclusively associated with imperial might through the building of triumphal arches. The story of those arches is inextricably linked to the promotion of Rome as the greatest of all powers, and of its leaders as the most worthy and able of all commanders. Triumphal arches in Rome provided a centerpiece for triumphs that were restricted to the emperors and their immediate families after the establishment of the Roman Empire, but arches in the wider empire did not have this specific function. That said, as with those in Italy, foreign arches were strategically placed to ensure they were seen and passed through by the maximum number of people, subjecting them to scenes depicting Roman victories on a regular basis. These arches were inextricably linked to promoting Rome as the greatest of all powers, and also bound up in the policy of Romanization and assimilation of conquered territories and populations. Of course, these arches have intrigued historians for years. Franz Botho Graef, a German classical archaeologist and art historian, a prominent expert in the area, devoted his life to the identification and cataloguing of Roman arches. He documented 125 extant arches, and 30 further examples discerned from the literature or other sources, scattered throughout Rome and its provinces. Graef's listing is usually taken as the starting point for subsequent researchers, but another eminent historian in the field, A. Frothingham, has disputed Graef ́s listings, arguing that only 115 of the 125 identified arches actually existed. He also claimed to have identified 280 further "monuments and arches," the majority of which were located within Asia Minor, North Africa, and Syria. However, this methodological approach introduced a new category - monuments - into the cataloguing process, which has only served to complicate the debate. The building process of arches was long and protracted, but it typically served the empire well. Indeed, the success of this physical statement can perhaps be best measured by the number of similar arches erected around the world centuries after the end of the Roman Empire, including the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Narva Triumphal Arch in Saint Petersburg, the Wellington Arch in London, and the India Gate in Delhi. Arches and Triumphs in Ancient Rome: The History of the Roman Empire's Most Famous Military Celebrations and Monuments examines the events surrounding the celebrations, accounts of them, and how they influenced other architectural monuments. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the arches and triumphs like never before.
The Topography And Monuments Of Ancient Rome
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Author : Samuel Ball Platner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1911
The Topography And Monuments Of Ancient Rome written by Samuel Ball Platner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1911 with History categories.
The Roman Colosseum
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Author : Eddie Alfaro
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2021-06-12
The Roman Colosseum written by Eddie Alfaro and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-12 with categories.
The Colosseum in Rome is one of Europe's most iconic landmarks. With two thousand years of history, there is a lot to know about the Roman Colosseum. It has witnessed gladiator battles and epic hunts with humans versus wild animals. It is a fascinating place to experience, providing an insight into the history of the ancient Romans.
The Circus Maximus And The Colosseum
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-02-05
The Circus Maximus And The Colosseum written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-05 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading The ambitious and fearless emperors that built the legendary Roman Empire from scratch, the broad-shouldered and bronzed gladiators with their iconic plume helmets and glinting swords, and elaborate parties attended by toga-wearing Romans fueled by alcohol, violence, orgies, and other godless acts all paint a picture of Roman life. At the Circus Maximus, the guttural cheers of the spectators reverberated across the enormous open space, but their cries could hardly be heard over the rumble of the ground. On the ellipse-shaped track, 5 charioteers would skew their bodies and steer their magnificent vehicles around the curves. Gusts of sand and dirt flew up from the whizzing wheels and encircled the pounding hooves of the stunning stallions. Distracted personnel and guards dragging their feet were considered fair game. As one chariot careened to the side, preparing to collide with another chariot, a row of guards might have to try to duck out of the way in the nick of time. Some would be trampled by hooves. Chariot races were dangerous for participants too. A charioteer could become disoriented and fail to position himself as his horses moved instinctively, sending his body catapulting forward out of the chariot. Needless to say, chariot racing in Rome was a nail-biting spectacle. When the Colosseum was built in the late 1st century A.D., the Romans, a people known for their architectural acumen, managed to amaze themselves. Martial, a Roman poet writing during the inauguration of the Colosseum, clearly believed the Colosseum was so grand a monument that it was even greater than the other Wonders of the Ancient World, which had been written about and visited endlessly by the Romans and Greeks in antiquity. Indeed, although the Wonders were wondrous to behold, the Colosseum was a spectacular achievement in architecture, something new and innovative, and therefore an amazing "Wonder" in its own way. The Colosseum was designed to be both a symbol and show of strength by the famous Flavian emperors, most notably Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian. Vespasian had started the construction of the Colosseum shortly after becoming emperor in 69 A.D., but he died before he could present any spectacles in his giant amphitheatre. That honor went to his son Titus, who celebrated the inaugural opening in 80 A.D. with 100 days of games, despite the fact that the Colosseum was not completely finished. When his brother Domitian came to power in 81 A.D., he finished the amphitheatre, but not without making some changes to the overall design. By the time it was truly finished, the Colosseum stood about 150 feet tall, with the oval in the center stretching nearly two football fields long and over 500 feet across. The Colosseum is a large stadium even by today's standards, and its great size conveys the power of the empire as it dominates the landscape and towers over nearby buildings. Nearly 2,000 years later, the Colosseum still amazes millions of people who come to visit it, and when asked to visualize a monument that represents the Roman Empire, many conjure up an image of the large amphitheater. As Keith Hopkins and Mary Beard put it, the Colosseum is "the most famous, and instantly recognizable, monument to have survived from the classical world." At the same time, the Colosseum also represents the Roman games and spectacles, particularly the gladiatorial combats that so many people today find both abhorrent yet fascinating. Given its massive size and the architectural ingenuity involved, the Colosseum played host to all sorts of games, including massive hunts of exotic animals and even sea battles.
The Topography And Monuments Of Ancient Rome
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Author : Samuel Ball Platner
language : en
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Release Date : 2015-06-27
The Topography And Monuments Of Ancient Rome written by Samuel Ball Platner and has been published by Forgotten Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-27 with Architecture categories.
Excerpt from The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome While the actual excavations in Rome during the past six years have not been so important as those of the preceding live, the study of their results has been continuous and fruitful, so that it has seemed best to issue a revised edition of this manual which should be, so far as possible, brought down to date. It is especially unfortunate that the official reports of much of the work done in the Forum have not yet appeared, so that many essential facts are still unknown; and that the excavations on the Palatine have lagged so sadly. The partial excavations of 1906-1908, and some new investigations based on them that have recently been undertaken, may, when completed, revolutionize some of the accepted views about the history and topography of that hill. The most important contribution to the topography of Rome since 1904 has been the publication of the third part of the first volume of Jordan's Topographie der Stadt Rom, written by Professor Hülsen, to whom I wish to acknowledge again my deep obligations; the minor literature on the subject has increased so greatly that the references in this edition are considerably more numerous than in the first. This increase seems both justifiable and desirable, in spite of the fact that Professor Hülsen intends to issue a new edition of his Nomenclator Urbis Romae before long. Some of the categorical statements of the first edition have been modified, and errors corrected so far as discovered. In general, reference is made to views in conflict with those stated in the text. Besides the acknowledgments made in the preface to the first edition, I wish to express my indebtedness to Comm. G. T. Rivoira for information concerning the temple of Venus and Roma, and for the use of one of his own illustrations; to Dr. Esther B. Van Deman for many valuable suggestions and criticisms in general, and in particular for the material contained in her work on the Atrium Vestae; and to Herr Baedeker of Leipzig for permission to use his latest map of the Forum. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The Monuments Of Ancient Rome
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Author : Dorothy Mae Robathan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1950
The Monuments Of Ancient Rome written by Dorothy Mae Robathan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1950 with Monuments categories.
The Topography And Monuments Of Ancient Rome Classic Reprint
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Author : Samuel Ball Platner
language : en
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Release Date : 2017-09-16
The Topography And Monuments Of Ancient Rome Classic Reprint written by Samuel Ball Platner and has been published by Forgotten Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-16 with Architecture categories.
Excerpt from The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome To facilitate further study, references of two classes have been added: first, to the sources of information in ancient literature and inscriptions, and second, to the most important material in current periodicals and the standard works on topography. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Rome
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Author : Mike Carpenter
language : en
Publisher: Mike Carpenter
Release Date : 2023-07-19
Rome written by Mike Carpenter and has been published by Mike Carpenter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-19 with Travel categories.
Get ready to immerse yourself in centuries of history! Discover Rome's past and its tremendous legacy of beauty, churches, museums, and spectacular monuments with this comprehensive guide for cultured travelers. Learn the story behind such world-famous landmarks as • The Colosseum • The Roman Forum • The Pantheon • The Trevi Fountain • The Spanish Steps • Saint Peter's Basilica • The Circus Maximus • And many more. Please note that this is a historical guide. It does not include lists of hotels and restaurants, nor does it contain pictures or maps. AI-FREE CONTENT