Fatigue And Stiffness Evaluations Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement In Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures
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Fatigue And Stiffness Evaluations Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement In Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures
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Author : Feipeng Xiao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Fatigue And Stiffness Evaluations Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement In Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures written by Feipeng Xiao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Asphalt categories.
The recycling of existing asphalt pavement materials produces new pavements with considerable savings in material, money, and energy. Understanding the ability of an asphalt pavement containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to resist fracture from repeated loads is essential for the design of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. However, reaching a better understanding of fatigue behaviors of these pavements continues to challenge researchers all over the world, particularly, as recycled materials with more complex properties are being used in HMA pavements. This study explores the utilization of the conventional fatigue analysis approach in investigating the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures containing RAP. The fatigue beams were made with two asphalt binders, two aggregate sources, four RAP contents (0 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 30 %), and tested at 5 and 20°C. A total of eight mixtures was evaluated and 64 fatigue beams were tested in this study. The test results indicated that the addition of RAP, as expected, increased the viscosity, G*sin?, and creep stiffness values while reducing the m-values. However, no obvious trends were found for stiffness and fatigue life of mixtures as the RAP content increased. Statistical analysis results indicated that for binders and mixtures containing 30 % RAP, the utilization of softer binder significantly decreased the viscosity, G*sin?, and creep stiffness values; however, there were no significant differences in the stiffness and fatigue life values of these mixtures.
Improved Mix Design Evaluation And Materials Management Practices For Hot Mix Asphalt With High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content
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Author : Randy Clark West
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 2013
Improved Mix Design Evaluation And Materials Management Practices For Hot Mix Asphalt With High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content written by Randy Clark West and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 752: Improved Mix Design, Evaluation, and Materials Management Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content describes proposed revisions to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) R 35, Superpave Volumetric Design for Hot Mix Asphalt, and AASHTO M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design, to accommodate the design of asphalt mixtures with high reclaimed asphalt pavement contents.
Fatigue Characteristics Of Field Hma Surface Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement Rap
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Fatigue Characteristics Of Field Hma Surface Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement Rap written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
The use of the Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in asphalt mixes has existed for sometime. Experience has shown that recycling of asphalt pavements is highly beneficial from a technical, economical, and environmental perspective. Some of the main advantages of utilizing the RAP include conservation of asphalt and aggregate resources, conservation of energy, and reduction of construction costs. This report is mainly focused on field study of fatigue and rheological properties of asphalt mixtures with inclusion of different (0,10,20,30) percent of RAP. The objective of this study is to determine what maximum percent of RAP can be introduced into the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) mixture without affecting mixture properties. Surface mixtures meeting the TDOT "D" mix criteria were evaluated at 0, 10, 20, and 30 percent of screened RAP materials. During the field study two mixes were evaluated (limestone and gravel) with two different types of binder (PG 64-22 and PG 76-22). Fatigue characteristics as well as the mixture properties were tested and evaluated. Tests used for fatigue evaluation of HMA mixture included indirect tensile strength, semi-circular bending, and beam fatigue tests. From this study it was concluded that the inclusion of RAP discarded material, as well as long-term aging, will generally influence the stiffness of the mixture and in return affect its resistance to fatigue cracking. It was also noted that the fatigue properties of the mixtures with 30 percent of RAP material drastically changed the fatigue characteristics as compared to 0, 10, and 20 percent of RAP mixtures. At the higher percentages of RAP the mixture becomes stiffer and fatigue characteristics of the RAP mixture are compromised by adding RAP. Based on the results of the field mixtures, up to 20 percent RAP can be used in TDOT surface mixtures without compromising the fatigue properties of the asphalt mixture.
Laboratory Study Of Fatigue Characteristics Of Hma Surface Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement Rap
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Laboratory Study Of Fatigue Characteristics Of Hma Surface Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement Rap written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been used in the construction of asphalts since the 1930's. Conversely the use of RAP in load carrying layers has always been a sensitive issue due to the uniformity and rheological properties of the blended asphalt mixtures. Typically the inclusion of RAP will blend the long-term aged asphalt binder in the RAP with the fresh asphalt binder resulting in a stiffer mixture. Generally rutting will less likely be a problem with the inclusion of RAP. However, the fatigue crack resistance of the HMA mixtures containing RAP has been a key interest to designers and engineers. This thesis presents the results of a laboratory study, in which the laboratory fatigue characteristics of asphalt mixtures containing RAP were evaluated. A typical surface mixture meeting the state of Tennessee "D" mix criteria was evaluated at 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent of screened RAP materials. Two types of aggregates (limestone and gravel) and two types of binder (PG 64-22 and PG 76-22) were used for this study. Fatigue characteristics were evaluated through indirect tensile strength, semi-circular bending and beam fatigue tests. The results from this study indicated that laboratory long-term aging and the inclusion of RAP generally increased the stiffness and laboratory fatigue resistance for the mixtures studied. For the mixtures studied, the inclusion of 30 percent RAP for both binder types significantly changed the fatigue characteristics as compared to 0, 10 and 20 percent RAP. Increasing the percentage of RAP increased the fatigue resistance, however at higher percentages of RAP the mixture becomes stiffer and some fatigue characteristics are compromised by adding RAP.
Performance Assessment Of Asphalt Mixes Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement And Tire Rubber
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Author : Shawn Shiangfeng Hung
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Performance Assessment Of Asphalt Mixes Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement And Tire Rubber written by Shawn Shiangfeng Hung and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The pavement community, including both agencies and industries, is moving toward more sustainable pavement designs and pavement network management. Increasing amounts of recycled materials, both reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled tire rubber, are expected to be used in new pavement construction projects in the future to reduce the use of virgin binder and aggregates. The main concern of using recycled materials in new asphalt pavement is the potential negative effect on the performance. Thus, the primary objective of this dissertation is to improve the current laboratory testing technologies and performance assessment approaches for characterizing the performance-related properties of asphalt mixes containing recycled materials and to improve understanding of how these properties affect the performance of asphalt pavements so that they can be designed and constructed better. A major challenge regarding the use of high RAP content mixes is the differences in the rheological properties of the virgin binder (mixes without RAP) and the blended binder (mixes with RAP). Traditionally, binder blending charts are used to determine the appropriate RAP content in asphalt mixes and the selection of virgin binder grade as part of the Superpave volumetric mix design procedures when RAP is incorporated in the mix. However, producing mixes based on blending charts that require testing of extracted and recovered RAP binders is expensive and hazardous. An alternative test approach for binder blending charts using fine aggregate matrix (FAM) mix testing is presented in this dissertation. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach could estimate the blended binder intermediate and low performance grading temperatures within ±3°C of the measured blended binder performance grading temperatures. Even though the proposed approach is not as accurate as the blending chart method (within ±2°C), it provides both cost and environmental benefits. Currently, the Superpave Performance Grading (PG) system cannot not be used to evaluate the performance-related properties of asphalt rubber binders produced using larger crumb rubber particles (maximum particle size passing 2.36 mm sieve) due to the limitations of parallel plate geometry. With the consideration of more open-graded or gap-graded rubberized hot mix asphalt (RHMA-O and RHMA-G) projects in the future, it is important to be able to perform Superpave PG testing on asphalt rubber binder and to establish performance-based contract acceptance criteria for the production of asphalt rubber binders. The test results indicated that the concentric cylinder geometry is an appropriate alternative geometry to parallel plates for quantifying the properties of asphalt rubber binders and specifically for assessing the high-temperature performance properties of binders containing crumb rubber particles larger than 250 [mu]m. Concerns have been raised with regard to incorporating reclaimed rubberized asphalt pavement (RRAP) into dense-graded new hot mix asphalt (HMA-DG) and RAP into new RHMA-G since the interactions between the virgin binder, age-hardened binder, and recycled tire rubber could considerably affect the rutting, fatigue cracking, and thermal cracking performances of new HMA-DG and RHMA-G. The fundamental differences between RAP and RRAP were identified and the performance of new mixes that contain these recycled materials were evaluated in this study. The experimental results showed that adding RRAP to HMA-DG mixes is ideal to resist rutting and low-temperature cracking based on the changes in mix stiffness. The HMA-DG mixes containing RRAP are better at resisting high tensile strain loadings than mixes containing RAP. In addition, adding RAP to RHMA-G mixes improves the rutting performance but diminishes the cracking performance, and potentially negating the benefits of selecting RHMA-G as an overlay to retard the rate of reflection cracking. Lastly, the effects of rest periods on asphalt fatigue performance considering asphalt thixotropy, non-linearity, self-heating, self-cooling, and steric hardening were also investigated in this research. The experimental test results showed that asphalt thixotropic softening and other biasing effects control the first 10 to 15 percent decrease in stiffness for unmodified binders and 15 to 35 percent decrease in stiffness for modified binders under cyclic loading, and this decrease in stiffness can be recovered with the introduction of rest periods. This means that most of the repeated loadings applied to test specimens within the thixotropic softening range do not caused any fatigue damage but only softening of the materials. Thus, by providing sufficient rest periods within the thixotropic softening range can effectively improve asphalt fatigue performance. Both the thixotropic softening range and the required time for thixotropic recovery (i.e., rest periods) need to be considered in asphalt fatigue test and mechanistic-empirical (ME) design for better evaluation of the true fatigue performance.
Improved Mix Design Evaluation And Materials Management Practices For Hot Mix Asphalt With High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content
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Author : Randy Clark West
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Improved Mix Design Evaluation And Materials Management Practices For Hot Mix Asphalt With High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content written by Randy Clark West and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 752: Improved Mix Design, Evaluation, and Materials Management Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content describes proposed revisions to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) R 35, Superpave Volumetric Design for Hot Mix Asphalt, and AASHTO M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design, to accommodate the design of asphalt mixtures with high reclaimed asphalt pavement contents.
Evaluating The Effect Of High Rap Content On Asphalt Mixtures And Binders Fatigue Behavior
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Author : Umme Amina Mannan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Evaluating The Effect Of High Rap Content On Asphalt Mixtures And Binders Fatigue Behavior written by Umme Amina Mannan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Asphalt categories.
One of the main concerns with the application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in the asphalt concrete pavement is fatigue cracking due to the stiffness increase with the addition of aged and stiff RAP binder. The purpose of this study is to evaluate fatigue performance of asphalt binder and mixtures with different RAP percentages (0, 15, 25, 35 and 40 %). Among these, 35 and 40 % RAP mixes are considered as high RAP content. This study describes the results of laboratory fatigue response of asphalt mixtures and extracted binders containing RAP to define the effect of RAP on the fatigue performance. To achieve this objective, mixes and binders were tested using the beam fatigue test and the time-sweep test, respectively. Test results were analyzed using two different fatigue approaches, reduction in stiffness and dissipated energy criteria. Results showed that a higher initial stiffness and initial dissipated energy initiate the fatigue failure faster. Since both binders and mixes show an increase in the stiffness and energy consumed per loading cycle with the addition of RAP, resulting mixes containing higher RAP have a very short fatigue life. Also, the fatigue endurance limit decreases drastically with the addition of RAP in the mix. The results comparing two different RAP sources showed that the RAP source has more prominent effect on the mix fatigue performance than the binder fatigue performance. Finally, the traditional fatigue life prediction model is modified to incorporate the effect of RAP in the fatigue equation. The modified regression model predicted reasonable fatigue life of the mixture with a coefficient of determination (R2) close to 1. The measured and predicted fatigue life results were found close to each other for both mix and binder containing RAP.
Effect Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement On Ontario Hot Mix Asphalt Performance
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Author : Xiomara A. Sanchez-Castillo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Effect Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement On Ontario Hot Mix Asphalt Performance written by Xiomara A. Sanchez-Castillo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), sometimes called Recycled Asphalt Pavement, in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) provides many benefits and has been successfully used in Ontario for several years. The production and usage of this material results in numerous environmental and economic advantages. Using RAP in HMA has various proven benefits including: reuse of high quality materials, saves on dwindling non-renewable aggregate resources, diverts large volumes of materials from overloaded landfills, reduces road building costs and contributes significantly to provincial and municipal recycling obligations. However, the usage of this material is still very conservative. Several challenges can be faced when introducing RAP in HMA, particularly in higher amounts. The characteristics of the RAP, particularly the aged (stiffer) asphalt cement (AC) in the recycled material, can affect the performance of the mix. The primary concern with increasing RAP percentages in HMA mixes are its effects on endurance against fatigue and thermal cracking. The common question in many agencies within the pavement industry is whether RAP acts as a “black rock” or the aged AC in RAP blends with the new AC in the mix. Accordingly, this research evaluated the impact that RAP in varying percentages has on a conventional Ontario mix, Superpave (SP) 12.5mm, and provided some new guidelines on the usage of RAP. Using virgin aggregates and RAP collected from a local contractor, twelve mixtures were modelled in the laboratory, with 0%, 20%, and 40% RAP contents and AC with different Performance Grade (PG). The research also examined how the addition of RAP to HMA alters the performance of the mix, and how HMA can be tested to determine the RAP content. This research intended to answer the following questions: First, can the RAP percentage be determined from the recycled hot mix asphalt characteristics or performance? And second, can the blended binder PG be deduced from performance testing of recycled hot mix? This research demonstrated that is possible to design Superpave mixes incorporating 20% RAP and 40% RAP without compromising the specified consensus properties and volumetric characteristics. Based on the results, it was determined that the performance of the recycled hot mixes regarding low temperature cracking, rutting and stiffness, which is related to the fatigue susceptibility of the mix, was simultaneously influenced by the RAP content and the virgin asphalt PG. The effect of the RAP addition was more dramatic for the mixes with virgin binder PG 52-xx than for the mixes with PG 58-xx. A method to determine the presence and quantity of RAP was formulated, and also an estimation of the performance grade of the resulting blended binder without extraction and recovery of the asphalt was possible.
Interaction Between New And Age Hardened Binders In Asphalt Mixes Containing High Quantities Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement And Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles
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Author : Yuan He
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Interaction Between New And Age Hardened Binders In Asphalt Mixes Containing High Quantities Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement And Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles written by Yuan He and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
As virgin pavement material sources become scarcer and costlier the use of higher quantities of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS) in the production of new asphalt mixes becomes increasingly desirable. RAP/RAS binder in the mix has different levels of aging. Through oxidation, the binder becomes stiffer and more rigid than virgin binder, and thus results in a pavement material that is more brittle and susceptible to fatigue and thermal cracking. The purpose of this dissertation study was to investigate the interactions between new and age binders and evaluate asphalt mixes performance. A major concern associated with the use of high percentages of RAP and/or RAS is the level of blending between virgin and age-hardened binders, because the performance of the mix can be highly influenced by the properties of the composite binder. The blending between new binder and age-hardened RAP binder can be explained through diffusion mechanisms. This research used asphalt binder testing and diffusion and aging theory to investigate the evolution of blending between virgin and RAP binders during asphalt mix production, storage, and placement. The rheological properties of a two-layer asphalt binder sample composed of virgin and simulated RAP binder were measured using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) after conditioning following hot mix asphalt (HMA) and warm mix asphalt (WMA) time-temperature paths during mixing and placement. The diffusion and aging coefficients for the composite binder were estimated by comparing measured shear stiffness values with those predicted using a diffusion model and considering asphalt binder aging over time. The diffusion model is solved numerically based on the finite control volume approach. Results show that the HMA results in nearly full blending of the new and aged binders following the time-temperature paths used in this study; while the WMA results in only partial blending. Traditionally, the properties of blended binders in asphalt mixes containing RAP and RAS are evaluated through rheological testing of the binder extracted and recovered from a mix. However, this approach has long been criticized for being labor intensive, for potentially altering the chemistry of the binder and consequently changing the binder rheology, for forcing blending of binders that may not have been present in the mix, and for creating hazardous material disposal issues. The research presented in this dissertation proposes an alternative approach for characterizing blended binders by testing the linear viscoelastic properties of a fine aggregate matrix (FAM) asphalt mix using a torsion bar fixture in a DSR. A procedure has been developed for preparation and testing of small FAM cylindrical FAM specimens. The results demonstrated that this testing is sensitive to FAM mixes made of different virgin binders, RAP/RAS contents, with and without rejuvenating agent. More importantly, FAM mix testing shows similar results as that from DSR binder testing and full mix testing in terms of rankings of master curves and Black diagrams. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) on stiffness values from FAM testing also provides the same conclusion to that at binder and mix levels. Therefore, FAM approach has the potential to be used as a substitute to stiffness testing for mix comparison purposes. It is also a less expensive and more efficient testing approach than the full mix testing.The combined effect of RAP, RAS, and different virgin binder sources and grades on performance of the blended binders and asphalt mixes was also investigated. Previous studies have indicated that RAP, RAS, and virgin binder grades each has certain effects on performance of the mix. The addition of RAP/RAS undermines fatigue and thermal performance and improves rutting resistance. The virgin binder grade should be carefully chosen based on the percentages of RAP/RAS in the mix. Results from unconfined RLT appears to show that reducing the binder grade when using more than 25 percent RAP results in rutting performance similar to the original grade. Therefore, it is likely safe for high temperatures if the binder grade is reduced to meet the low and intermediate temperature requirements. Asphalt binders contain different organic molecules, and thus their chemical compositions vary according to the source of the oil used in their production. Virgin binders from different sources blend differently with the age-harden oxidized binder in RAP/RAS. Therefore, depending on the level of blending between virgin and oxidized binders, the performance of the mixes could vary substantially. Findings from this work indicated that virgin binder source had some effect on the blended materials. Additional research that came from the testing approaches to complete the investigation of RAP/RAS with this dissertation were also investigated. All the asphalt mixes used in this study were designed following Caltrans modified Superpave mix design procedure and tested using an Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT). The effects of specimen preparation variables in terms of compaction method, compaction level, test temperature, stress state, and deformation measurement location when using the AMPT to predict mix stiffness and permanent deformation were evaluated. The best approach using Superpave testing equipment that appears to best characterize expected rutting performance as defined by previous calibrated RSCH results were also investigated.
Initial Performance Assessment For Implementation Of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles In Oregon
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Author : Faisal Ahmed Samoo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Initial Performance Assessment For Implementation Of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles In Oregon written by Faisal Ahmed Samoo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This thesis documents the evaluation of the initial performance of pavement containing recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in Oregon. The research was funded by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the Federal Highway Administration and was conducted at Oregon State University. The key objectives of this thesis are to document the state-of-the-practice for implementation of recycled asphalt shingles in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures, and to evaluate the initial field and laboratory performance of mixtures containing RAS. Recent oil price increases, coupled with environmental impacts has encouraged industry to use materials containing asphalt binder, such as asphalt shingles as a partial replacement of virgin materials in the construction of bituminous pavement. Residential home reroofing projects generate RAS as does the asphalt shingle manufacturing industry as a waste product at a rate of approximately 11 million tons per year nationwide. Disposal of these materials ordinarily involves discarding the materials in landfills. However, since these shingles contain asphalt binder, many states and asphalt pavement contractors have made efforts to incorporate these materials into asphalt pavements. Asphalt shingles are produced with asphalt binders that have substantially higher stiffness than paving grade asphalt binders. With increased stiffness comes increased brittleness. Consequently, incorporating RAS into hot mix asphalt may expose the pavement to an increased likelihood of low temperature cracking and fatigue cracking unless modifications are made to the mixtures to compensate for increased stiffness due to the RAS binder. House Bill 2733, proposed before the Oregon Legislative Assembly in 2009, would have required ODOT to use up to 5% RAS in HMA. However, inclusion of RAS in HMA raised concerns within the agency with regard to the potential for reduction in pavement performance ultimately leading to increased costs due to early failures. Consequently, considering these concerns the legislation on this bill was postponed pending completion of research to investigate the performance of pavement containing RAS in Oregon pavements. As a result, ODOT sponsored preliminary research on use of RAS in HMA in 2009 and subsequently through the research project described herein. The research work described herein was separated into three distinct but interconnected tasks. The first involved conducting a detailed literature review to gain an understanding of the state-of-the-practice for successful implementation of RAS in pavements. Emphasis during this effort was placed on selection of the virgin binder grade to offset the effects of increased stiffness due to incorporation of RAS binder, batching and mixing procedures for inclusion of RAS in HMA mixtures, ignition oven calibration factors for mixtures containing RAS, and quality control/quality assurance procedures for pavements built with RAS mixtures. There exists a substantial body of literature covering use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) as a partial replacement of virgin materials in HMA pavements. Due to many similarities of RAP and RAS, many of the documents reviewed covered only RAP, but with the aim of extending the technologies used for RAP mixtures to those containing RAS or RAS and RAP. The second task involved conducting laboratory investigations to verify the practicality and effectiveness of procedures found in the literature for batching and mixing materials containing RAS and/or RAP and RAS. Finally, the third task involved investigations of performance of two pavements containing RAP and RAS constructed as pilot projects. The investigations involved an assessment of field performance and laboratory tests on samples obtained from the two pavements. For comparison purposes, the same investigations were performed on pavements and samples from pavements that contained RAP but no RAS. These were constructed adjacent to, and at the same time as, the pavements with RAP and RAS. Based on the findings from the literature review, this thesis contains recommendations for: 1) selection of a virgin binder grade when RAP and/or RAS is used in an HMA mixture; 2) a procedure for effectively and efficiently extracting and recovering asphalt binder from RAS; 3) batching and mixing procedures for manufacturing laboratory test specimens containing RAS; 4) a method for determining ignition over calibration factors for mixtures containing RAS; and 5) quality control/quality assurance procedures for pavements built with RAS mixtures. The recommended batching and mixing procedure was verified through laboratory investigations while ongoing research is in the process of verifying the remaining procedures. Laboratory investigations involving dynamic modulus testing and comparative analyses of RAP-only mixtures (control mixtures) versus RAP and RAS mixtures indicated a trend of reduced dynamic modulus due to the addition of RAS in the mixture on both pilot projects. However, when the mixtures were compared at a 95 percent confidence level, a significant difference was found for only one of the two projects. This reduction in dynamic modulus was likely due to the softening of blended binder and the increased air voids in the mixtures containing RAS. In addition, fatigue testing and comparative analyses using phenomenological and dissipated energy approaches indicated that there was no significant difference in fatigue resistance of the RAP-only mixture versus the RAP and RAS mixture at a 95 percent confidence level. Assessment of field performance through visual inspections of the pavements built with mixtures containing RAS revealed no low temperature cracking following the first winter season in service. Nor did the inspections reveal any fatigue cracking. Although these inspections occurred within 8 months of construction of the pavements, the findings provide encouraging early-life performance of the mixtures.