Female Entrepreneurship In Nineteenth Century England
DOWNLOAD
Download Female Entrepreneurship In Nineteenth Century England PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Female Entrepreneurship In Nineteenth Century England book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Female Entrepreneurship In Nineteenth Century England
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jennifer Aston
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-31
Female Entrepreneurship In Nineteenth Century England written by Jennifer Aston and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Aston challenges and reshapes the on-going debate concerning social status, economic opportunity, and gender roles in nineteenth-century society. Sources including trade directories, census returns, probate records, newspapers, advertisements, and photographs are analysed and linked to demonstrate conclusively that women in nineteenth-century England were far more prevalent in business than previously acknowledged. Moreover, women were able to establish and expand their businesses far beyond the scope of inter-generational caretakers in sectors of the economy traditionally viewed as unfeminine, and acquire the assets and possessions that were necessary to secure middle-class status. These women serve as a powerful reminder that the middle-class woman’s retreat from economic activity during the nineteenth-century, so often accepted as axiomatic, was not the case. In fact, women continued to act as autonomous and independent entrepreneurs, and used business ownership as a platform to participate in the economic, philanthropic, and political public sphere.
The Foundations Of Female Entrepreneurship
DOWNLOAD
Author : Alison Kay
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-08-21
The Foundations Of Female Entrepreneurship written by Alison Kay and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-21 with Business & Economics categories.
The Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship explores the relationship between home, household headship and enterprise in Victorian London. It examines the notions of duty, honor and suitability in how women’s ventures are represented by themselves and others and engages in a comparison of the interpretation of historical female entrepreneurship by contemporaries and historians in the UK, Europe and America. It argues that just as women in business have often been hidden by men, they have often also been hidden by the ‘home’ and the conceptualization of separate spheres of public and private agency and of ‘the’ entrepreneur. Drawing on contextual evidence from 1747 to 1880, including fire insurance records, directories, trade cards, newspapers, memoirs, the census and extensive record linkage, this study concentrates on the early to mid-Victorian period when ideals about gender roles and appropriate work for women were vigorously debated. Alison Kay offers new insight into the motivations of the Victorian women who opted to pursue enterprises of their own. By engaging in empirical comparisons with men's business, it also reveals similarities and differences with the small to medium sized ventures of male business proprietors. The link between home and enterprise is then further excavated by detailed record linkage, revealing the households and domestic circumstances and responsibilities of female proprietors. Using both discourse and data to connect enterprise, proprietor and household, The Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship provides a multi-dimensional picture of the Victorian female proprietor and moves beyond the stereotypes. It argues that active business did not exclude women, although careful representation was vital and this has obscured the similarities of their businesses with those of many male business proprietors.
Female Entrepreneurs In The Long Nineteenth Century
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jennifer Aston
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-29
Female Entrepreneurs In The Long Nineteenth Century written by Jennifer Aston and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-29 with Business & Economics categories.
"This volume challenges those who see gender inequalities invariably defining and constraining the lives of women. But it also broadens the conversation about the degree to which business is a gender-blind institution, owned and managed by entrepreneurs whose gender identities shape and reflect economic and cultural change." – Mary A. Yeager, Professor Emerita, University of California, Los Angeles This is the first book to consider nineteenth-century businesswomen from a global perspective, moving beyond European and trans-Atlantic frameworks to include many other corners of the world. The women in these pages, who made money and business decisions for themselves rather than as employees, ran a wide variety of enterprises, from micro-businesses in the ‘grey market’ to large factories with international reach. They included publicans and farmers, midwives and property developers, milliners and plumbers, pirates and shopkeepers. Female Entrepreneurs in the Long Nineteenth Century: A Global Perspective rejects the notion that nineteenth-century women were restricted to the home. Despite a variety of legal and structural restrictions, they found ways to make important but largely unrecognised contributions to economies around the world - many in business. Their impact on the economy and the economy’s impact on them challenge gender historians to think more about business and business historians to think more about gender and create a global history that is inclusive of multiple perspectives. Chapter one of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Risk Success And Failure
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jennifer Aston
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Risk Success And Failure written by Jennifer Aston and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This article analyses female entrepreneurship in late Victorian and Edwardian England. Traditional views on female entrepreneurship in nineteenth- and twentieth-century England point towards a decline in the number and relevance of women as business owners in comparison to the eighteenth century, and their retreat into a 'separate sphere' away from the world of trade and production. Recent studies, however, have deeply challenged this view, suggesting that women still played an important role as entrepreneurs during industrialization and beyond. Nevertheless, a number of questions remain unanswered with regard to the features of female entrepreneurship during these phases of British history, and issues such as scale of operation, attitude to risk, credit structure, and managerial styles are still widely debated. Using original sources, this article provides a novel view on these issues, analysing female entrepreneurship from the perspective of bankruptcy. Analysing statistics on women's bankruptcy derived from Board of Trade reports, as well as a sample of archival cases, this article argues that overall female business owners traded in ways similar to their male counterparts in terms of business size, risk-taking, and, eventually, success.
Enterprising Women And Shipping In The Nineteenth Century
DOWNLOAD
Author : Helen Doe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Enterprising Women And Shipping In The Nineteenth Century written by Helen Doe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
An examination of women entrepreneurs who invested in, and often managed, non-feminine businesses such as shipping and shipbuilding in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The Age Of Entrepreneurship
DOWNLOAD
Author : Robert J. Bennett
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-06-27
The Age Of Entrepreneurship written by Robert J. Bennett and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-27 with Business & Economics categories.
This landmark research volume provides the first detailed history of entrepreneurship in Britain from the nineteenth century to the present. Using a remarkable new database of more than nine million entrepreneurs, it gives new understanding to the development of Britain as the world’s ‘first industrial nation’. Based on the first long-term whole-population analysis of British small business, it uses novel methods to identify from the 10-yearly population census the two to four million people per year who operated businesses in the period 1851–1911. Using big data analytics, it reveals how British businesses evolved over time, supplementing the census-derived data on individuals with other sources on companies and business histories. By comparing to modern data, it reveals how the late-Victorian period was a ‘golden age’ for smaller and medium-sized business, driven by family firms, the accelerating participation of women and the increasing use of incorporation as significant vehicles for development. A unique resource and citation for future research on entrepreneurship, of crucial significance to economic development policies for small business around the world, and above all the key entry point for researchers to the database which is deposited at the UK Data Archive, this major publication will change our understanding of the scale and economic significance of small businesses in the nineteenth century.
Female Entrepreneurs In Nineteenth Century Russia
DOWNLOAD
Author : Galina Ulianova
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-10-06
Female Entrepreneurs In Nineteenth Century Russia written by Galina Ulianova and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This pioneering work comprehensively examines the history of female entrepreneurship in the Russian Empire during nineteenth-century industrial development.
The Business Of Women
DOWNLOAD
Author : Hannah Barker
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-08-31
The Business Of Women written by Hannah Barker and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-31 with History categories.
This study argues that businesswomen were central to urban society and to the operation and development of commerce in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It presents a rich and complicated picture of lower-middling life and female enterprise in three northern English towns: Manchester, Leeds, and Sheffield. The stories told by a wide range of sources - including trade directories, newspaper advertisements, court records, correspondence, and diaries - demonstrate the very differing fortunes and levels of independence that individual businesswomen enjoyed. Yet, as a group, their involvement in the economic life of towns and, in particular, the manner in which they exploited and facilitated commercial development, force us to reassess our understanding of both gender relations and urban culture in late Georgian England. In contrast to the traditional historical consensus that the independent woman of business during this period - particularly those engaged in occupations deemed 'unfeminine' - was insignificant and no more than an oddity, businesswomen are presented here not as footnotes to the main narrative, but as central characters in a story of unprecedented social and economic transformation. The book reveals a complex picture of female participation in business. It shows that factors traditionally thought to discriminate against women's commercial activity - particularly property laws and ideas about gender and respectability - did have significant impacts upon female enterprise. Yet it is also evident that women were not automatically economically or socially marginalized as a result. The woman of business might be subject to various constraints, but at the same time, she could be blessed with a number of freedoms, and a degree of independence that set her apart from most other women - and many men - in late Georgian society.
Nineteenth Century Businesswomen
DOWNLOAD
Author : Charlotte Le Chapelain
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Nineteenth Century Businesswomen written by Charlotte Le Chapelain and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Male Professionals In Nineteenth Century Britain
DOWNLOAD
Author : Laurence Brockliss
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-06-27
Male Professionals In Nineteenth Century Britain written by Laurence Brockliss and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-27 with History categories.
Male Professionals in Nineteenth-Century Britain is the first statistically-based social, cultural and familial history of a fast-growing and socially prominent section of the Victorian propertied classes. It is built around a representative cohort of 750 men who were recorded in the 1851 census as practising a profession in eight British provincial towns with distinctive economic and social profiles: Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Winchester, and the twin county town of Northumberland, Alnwick/Morpeth. The book provides a collective account of the cohort's lives and the lives of their families across four generations, starting with their parents and ending with their grandchildren. It touches on the history of 16,000 individuals. The book aims to throw light on the extent to which nineteenth-century professionals had a distinctive socio-cultural profile, as sociologists and some historians have claimed, or were largely indistinguishable from other members of propertied society, as most historians today assume without further investigation. In exploring this question, particular attention is paid to the cohort families' wealth, household size, education, occupational history, geographical mobility, and broader involvement in society measured by their members' choice of marriage partner, their kinship and friendship circles, their political allegiance and their leisure activities. The book demonstrates that male professionals in the Victorian era were far from being a homogenous group, but were divided in many ways. The most important was wealth which played a key role in the social and occupational fortunes of their descendants. These divisions largely explain why some professionals and some individual professions were much more likely to display endogenous characteristics than others. The book also demonstrates that even the most successful professional families got poorer over time, and reveals how easily in the age of industrialisation branches of families and sometimes complete families could drop out of the elite.