Financial Market Imperfections And Productivity Growth
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Financial Market Imperfections And Productivity Growth
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Author : Bruce C. Greenwald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Financial Market Imperfections And Productivity Growth written by Bruce C. Greenwald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Business enterprises categories.
This paper examines the impact of financial market imperfections on long-term productivity growth. It focuses on failures in markets for the sale of equity securities and hence on the failure of markets which help firms diversify the risks of real investment. The paper examines separately situations in which productivity growth is driven by learning-by-doing and where it results from the cumulative impact of explicit investments in technology by firms, In general, a multiplicity of steady-state growth paths exists with different growth rates along each path. The particular path followed by any single economy (and hence the growth rate of that economy) will depend significantly on policy interventions which mitigate effects of financial markets.
Financial Market Imperfections And Productivity Growth
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Financial Market Imperfections And Productivity Growth written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with categories.
Weird Ties
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Weird Ties written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
This paper studies how the interplay between technological shocks and financial variables shapes the properties of macroeconomic dynamics. Most of the existing literature has based the analysis of aggregate macroeconomic regularities on the representative agent hypothesis (RAH). However, recent empirical research on longitudinal micro data sets has revealed a picture of business cycles and growth dynamics that is very far from the homogeneous one postulated in models based on the RAH. In this work, we make a preliminary step in bridging this empirical evidence with theoretical explanations. We propose an agent-based model with heterogeneous firms, which interact in an economy characterized by financial-market imperfections and costly adoption of new technologies. Monte-Carlo simulations show that the model is able jointly to replicate a wide range of stylised facts characterizing both macroeconomic time-series (e.g. output and investment) and firms' microeconomic dynamics (e.g. size, growth, and productivity). -- Financial Market Imperfections ; Business Fluctuations ; Economic Growth ; Firm Size ; Firm Growth ; Productivity Growth ; Agent-Based Models
Essays On Technological Change And Financial Markets
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Author : Changho Choi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays On Technological Change And Financial Markets written by Changho Choi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
My dissertation investigates several long-standing issues in macro and international macro, specifically questions related to technological change, financial market imperfections and international risk sharing. The first two chapters analyze these issues in a closed economy model, while the third chapter studies these issues in an open economy model. The first chapter examines the role of credit market imperfections in propagating news of future productivity, both theoretically and empirically. The second chapter investigates the technology-hours debate in an economy buffeted by anticipated technology and fiscal policy shocks. The third chapter, jointly written with Yi Chen, examines the role of a recursive preference developed in Epstein and Zin (1989) in explaining the equity home bias puzzle in an otherwise standard two-country endowment-driven open macro model. Viewed as a whole, my dissertation is an effort to connect technological processes with financial markets in macro models in order to further our understanding of macro phenomena. The first chapter investigates the role of credit market imperfections in shaping the response of the economy to news of future productivity, and proposes an alternative view of how news shocks propagate through the economy. In contrast to the conventional wisdom about news of future productivity - that it generates strong booms in the short run - I develop a novel news-driven business cycle model in which credit market imperfections significantly dampen the short-run response of economic activity to news. To exploit the fact that news of future productivity generates an asymmetry between expected returns and the current financial conditions faced by firms, I model credit market frictions as arising from the agency cost problem. In contrast to the limited enforceability problem, the agency cost problem serves to dampen the short-run response of investment because the desire to increase investment due to the higher expected returns is offset by the endogenous rise in the external finance premium in the absence of an actual rise in productivity. This inertial behavior of investment is in turn transmitted to hours worked and final output through the general equilibrium effect. I then estimate the response of economic activity to news shocks using U.S. manufacturing data and find some suggestive evidence for the credit frictions mechanism presented in the model. The main empirical findings are as follows. First, economic activity exhibits a muted response to news shocks during anticipation periods and therefore tracks, rather than leads, the actual change in productivity. Second, news shocks explain a small fraction of output fluctuations. Finally, industries that are more dependent on external finance or exhibit more volatile idiosyncratic productivity growth appear to have a more dampened response to news shocks in the short run. The second chapter investigates the reliability of using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) evidence on the response of hours to a technology shock to discriminate between two workhorse business cycle models: standard real business cycle models and sticky price models. Given growing attention to the role of news shocks in the business cycle literature, I evaluate the performance of the SVAR procedure when the true data generating process is driven by news shocks about future technology and fiscal policy. The main results are summarized as follows. First, when the SVAR procedure is applied to the data simulated from an economy with unanticipated shocks to the technology process, the estimated impulse responses have the same sign and qualitative pattern as the true responses. Second, when the SVAR procedure is applied to the data generated from an economy with news shocks to the technology process, the estimated impulse responses generally have a different qualitative pattern from the true responses, and frequently they produce opposite signs. The poor performance of the SVAR procedure largely comes from the anticipation of technology, whereas little is attributed to the anticipation of fiscal policy. Third, if the true data generating process is driven by conventional unanticipated technology shocks, a SVAR researcher can be confident about drawing the conclusion about model discrimination. However, if the true data generating process is driven by news about future technology but a researcher still uses the SVAR procedure based on the conventional information assumption, then the probability that a researcher draws the right conclusion about model discrimination falls dramatically. The third chapter, written jointly with Yi Chen, investigates the role of a recursive preference developed in Epstein and Zin (1989) (EZ) in explaining the equity home bias puzzle, and shows that EZ preferences play a role of increasing the home equity share relative to standard CRRA preferences. This happens because EZ preferences generate a long-run risk hedging demand that contributes to a positive covariance between the relative expenditure and the excess equity return. As a result, the local equity is more likely to be a good asset since it pays off more when investors are willing to spend more. Additional main findings are as follows. First, using the least structural information, we show that the degree of equity home bias depends on the conditional covariance-variance ratio between the relative expenditure and the excess equity return, which nests as a special case the standard CRRA models' implication that the equity home bias depends on the conditional covariance-variance ratio between the real exchange rate and the excess equity return. Second, our model is an infinite-horizon model, while standard trade-cost-based explanations work within two-period models in which portfolio adjustment is impermissible by construction. Thus, our model gets the moment representations for the equity home bias right, while two-period trade-cost-based models assume away portfolio adjustment, thereby overstating the relationship between the real exchange rate and the excess equity return.
Savings Growth And Capital Markets Imperfections
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Author : Jose De Gregorio
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1993-03
Savings Growth And Capital Markets Imperfections written by Jose De Gregorio and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper studies the effects that borrowing constraints have on savings and growth and argues that, though they increase savings, their effect on growth is ambiguous. Empirical evidence on the extent of borrowing constraints as well as savings, investment, human capital accumulation and growth performance for industrialized countries is presented. A simple model to show the effects of borrowing constraints on savings is developed. Then the model is extended to analyze the effects of borrowing constraints on human capital accumulation and growth. It is shown that borrowing constraints increase savings, but reduce human capital accumulation.
Market Imperfections And Macroeconomic Dynamics
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Author : Jean-Olivier Hairault
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Market Imperfections And Macroeconomic Dynamics written by Jean-Olivier Hairault and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Market Imperfections and Macroeconomic Dynamics is based upon a collection of papers originally presented at the 5th Theory and Methods in Macroeconomics (T2M) meeting in Paris, France, 2002. The contributions in this volume focus on a central theme: the aggregate dynamic consequences of market imperfections. Such effects are of great interest to researchers in macroeconomics as these imperfections play a primary role in the persistence of aggregate output, the characteristics of the business cycles and the interactions of agents over time. Incorporating up-to-date techniques and methods, these contributions exemplify the remarkable progress made by macroeconomists in tackling these issues. The primary market for Market Imperfections and Macroeconomic Dynamics is academic researchers in economics and graduate students specializing in macroeconomics. Divisions of economic studies in public administration and in financial organizations will also find this book beneficial.
Credit Markets And Stagnation In An Endogenous Growth Model
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Author : Mr.Jose De Gregorio
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1993-09-01
Credit Markets And Stagnation In An Endogenous Growth Model written by Mr.Jose De Gregorio and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper studies the effects that the inability of individuals to borrow against future income has on economic growth. The model assumes that human capital, which is accumulated through education, is the only factor of production. It is shown that liquidity constraints reduce growth. Further, in the presence of externalities that may induce two equilibria, it is shown that liquidity constraints not only reduce the rate of growth in the high-growth equilibrium, but can also make the low-growth equilibrium more likely to occur.
Explaining Economic Growth With Imperfect Credit Markets
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Author : Luis Carranza
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2000-12
Explaining Economic Growth With Imperfect Credit Markets written by Luis Carranza and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper studies how financial markets and accumulation of financial assets interact with economic growth, change of industry structure, productivity and distribution of wealth across households. To carry out this study, a dynamic general equilibrium model with imperfections in the credit market is developed.
A More Imperfect Union
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Author : James L. Jennings
language : en
Publisher: Algora Publishing
Release Date : 2012
A More Imperfect Union written by James L. Jennings and has been published by Algora Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
A debt-based financial system is incompatible with a truly competitive economy. Our system exists by choice, not the dictates of immutable economic laws, and is leading the U.S. to financial collapse. the author highlights essentially ignored inequities and fallacies inherent in major aspects of our economy and of economic theory. the text explains how the system is skewed to big government and a dominant financial sector and undermining our standard of living.
Financial Market Imperfections And Corporate Decisions
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Author : Emilio Colombo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-09-16
Financial Market Imperfections And Corporate Decisions written by Emilio Colombo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-16 with Business & Economics categories.
We would like to thank Akos Valentinyi and Mark Schaffer for their advice on various stages of this research project. We also would like to thank our col leagues at the Department of Economics of the University of Milan - Bicocca for their advice and support. This book is the result of a long term project financed by various research grants: in particular the Phare-Ace programme (Project P-96-6151-R) and a research grant from the Italian Ministry of Education under the young researchers scheme. Milan, March 2005 Emilio Colombo Luca Stanca Contents Introduction 1 Financial market imperfections and corporate decisions: theory and evidence 7 2. 1 Introduction 7 2. 2 Financial market imperfections, investment and cycles 9 2. 2. 1 The Stiglitz view 9 2. 2. 2 Agency costs and macroeconomic fluctuations 15 2. 2. 3 Assessing the differences 18 2. 2. 4 Further developments 20 2. 2. 5 Empirical evidence 22 2. 3 Financial market imperfections and corporate capital structure 24 2. 3. 1 Asymmetric information and capital structure choice . . 25 2. 3. 2 Agency costs and capital structure choice 30 2. 3. 3 Empirical evidence 32 The transformation of the Hungarian financial system 35 3. 1 Introduction 35 3. 2 Macroeconomic background 36 3. 3 Liberalisation, privatisation and financial development 44 3. 3. 1 Banking and credit 45 3. 3. 2 Equity market 48 3. 3. 3 Foreign direct investment 49 3. 4 Financial sector reform 50 3. 4.
