Floods And Paleofloods
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Ancient Floods Modern Hazards
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Author : P. Kyle House
language : en
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Release Date : 2002-01-21
Ancient Floods Modern Hazards written by P. Kyle House and has been published by American Geophysical Union this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-21 with Nature categories.
CD-ROM contains figures and data from selected papers, to allow for ancillary information and supplementary images that could not otherwise be included in the text.
Floods And Paleofloods
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Author : Peter J. Sandercock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Floods And Paleofloods written by Peter J. Sandercock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Floods categories.
Flood Frequency Analyses From Paleoflood Investigations For Spring Rapid Boxelder And Elk Creeks Black Hills Western South Dakota
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Author : Tessa M. Harden
language : en
Publisher: Geological Survey (USGS)
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Flood Frequency Analyses From Paleoflood Investigations For Spring Rapid Boxelder And Elk Creeks Black Hills Western South Dakota written by Tessa M. Harden and has been published by Geological Survey (USGS) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Floods categories.
Use Of Paleoflood Investigations To Improve Flood Frequency Analyses Of Plains Streams In Wyoming
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Author : Maurice E. Cooley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Use Of Paleoflood Investigations To Improve Flood Frequency Analyses Of Plains Streams In Wyoming written by Maurice E. Cooley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Drainage categories.
Flood Frequency Analyses From Paleoflood Investigations For Spring Rapid Boxelder And Elk Creeks Black Hills Western South Dakota
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Flood Frequency Analyses From Paleoflood Investigations For Spring Rapid Boxelder And Elk Creeks Black Hills Western South Dakota written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Floods categories.
Flood Frequency Analyses From Paleoflood Investigations For Spring Rapid Boxelder And Elk Creeks Black Hills Western South Dakota
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Author : 0U. S. Department 0U.S. Department of the Interior
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-07-23
Flood Frequency Analyses From Paleoflood Investigations For Spring Rapid Boxelder And Elk Creeks Black Hills Western South Dakota written by 0U. S. Department 0U.S. Department of the Interior and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-23 with Reference categories.
Flood-frequency analyses for the Black Hills area are important because of severe flooding of June 9–10, 1972, that was caused by a large mesoscale convective system and caused at least 238 deaths. Many 1972 peak flows are high outliers (by factors of 10 or more) in observed records that date to the early 1900s. An efficient means of reducing uncertainties for flood recurrence is to augment gaged records by using paleohydrologic techniques to determine ages and magnitudes of prior large floods (paleofloods). This report summarizes results of paleoflood investigations for Spring Creek, Rapid Creek (two reaches), Boxelder Creek (two subreaches), and Elk Creek. Stratigraphic records and result-ing long-term flood chronologies, locally extending more than 2,000 years, were combined with observed and adjusted peak-flow values (gaged records) and historical flood infor-mation to derive flood-frequency estimates for the six study reaches. Results indicate that (1) floods as large as and even substantially larger than 1972 have affected most of the study reaches, and (2) incorporation of the paleohydrologic informa-tion substantially reduced uncertainties in estimating flood recurrence.
Late Holocene Flood History Flood Frequency And Paleoclimate Analysis Of The Central Black Hills South Dakota
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Author : Tessa M. Harden
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Late Holocene Flood History Flood Frequency And Paleoclimate Analysis Of The Central Black Hills South Dakota written by Tessa M. Harden and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Black Hills (S.D. and Wyo.) categories.
Stratigraphic records in four basins in the central Black Hills in combination with hydraulic calculations show that all basins have experienced multiple large floods in the last 2,000 years with flow rates substantially larger than those gaged historically. Flood-frequency analyses for the study reaches account for 29 paleofloods inferred from interpretation of stratigraphic records locally extending back 1,000 to almost 2,000 years. The addition of paleoflood data to the gaged and historical data significantly reduced uncertainties related to flood-frequency. For all study reaches the 95-percent confidence intervals about the low-probability quantile estimates (100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence-intervals) were reduced by at least 78 percent relative to those for the gaged records only. In some cases, 95-percent uncertainty intervals were reduced by 99 percent or more. Additionally, a stratigraphic record of 35 large paleofloods and four large historical floods during the last 2,000 years (including several floods not used in the frequency analyses due to age constraints) reveal four flooding episodes at A.D.: 130-40, 640-670, 900-1290, and 1410 to present. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (~A.D. 900-1300) the Black Hills experienced 13 large floods compared to nine large floods in the previous 800 years. This high concentration of large flooding events were likely caused by: 1) instability of air masses caused by stronger than normal westerlies; 2) larger or more frequent hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean; and/or 3) reduced land covering vegetation and an increase in forest fires caused by the severe drought. By examining the response of streamflow to the MCA, it seems likely that if severe long-term drought conditions persist for the Black Hills region, an increase in the frequency and magnitude of large floods can be expected. The Black Hills paleofloods represent some of the largest known floods, relative to drainage area, for the United States. Many of the other largest known United States floods are in areas with physiographic and climatologic conditions broadly similar to the Black Hills--semi-arid and rugged landscapes that intercept and focus heavy precipitation from convective storm systems.
Extreme Flooding In The Dolores River Basin Colorado And Utah Insights From Paleofloods Geochronology And Hydroclimatic Analysis
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Author : Michael Logan Cline
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Extreme Flooding In The Dolores River Basin Colorado And Utah Insights From Paleofloods Geochronology And Hydroclimatic Analysis written by Michael Logan Cline and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The complex hydroclimatic response of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) to climate circulation patterns and their descriptive indices creates significant challenges to water managers, especially given the uncertain future of the climate. This dissertation addresses fundamental questions that surround extreme flooding in the UCRB by combining paleoflood field techniques, two analytical geochronology techniques and several numerical climate data analysis techniques. The three manuscripts included in this dissertation focus on the Dolores River Basin (DRB), a sub-basin within the UCRB in order to answer theoretical questions about the timing and climate patterns associated with extreme floods. It has become widely accepted that extreme flooding in the Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB) is linked to a period when the frequency and intensity of El Nino periods was higher. Within the UCRB, and more specifically, the DRB, the linkages are less clear. The paleoflood chronology that we developed indicates that the peak episodes of flooding in the DRB occurred between roughly 300 A.D. and 1200 A.D. This period of flooding is out of phase with many floods in the LCRB, whose peak floods dominantly clustered in the last 700 years; a period of time coincident with the termination of large floods in the DRB. The chronology that I developed utilizes accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to provide a detailed flood history, highlighting the importance of utilizing independent age control. Alternative, or less accurate chronologies would have resulted had we used AMS 14C or OSL alone, suggesting that some previously studied basins may have incorrect chronologies. The detailed flood chronology of this study has subsequently allowed us to contextualize extreme floods relative to middle--late Holocene climate variability. In an effort to provide a hydroclimatic context for flooding in the DRB, numerical analyses were applied to contemporary climate and streamflow data in order to identify the possible mechanisms that modulate precipitation and streamflow in the Western U.S. and more specifically, the DRB. Results from these techniques indicate that the DRB maintains a complex response to a major North Pacific, low-frequency circulation pattern. The North Pacific circulation modulates the low-frequency component of the DRB's precipitation and flooding, although the high frequency modulation remains very poorly characterized.
Analyses Of Extreme Flood In The Holocene To Improve Flood Frequency Estimation
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Author : Ray Lombardi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Analyses Of Extreme Flood In The Holocene To Improve Flood Frequency Estimation written by Ray Lombardi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Extreme floods observations are underrepresented in short stream gauge records. Consequently, instrumented records are limited in providing meaningful insight into their mechanistic drivers and frequency. Increasingly, multi-millennia-long paleoflood records (geomorphic and botanical evidence of floods) are used to enhance flood analyses to improve flood frequency estimation. My dissertation includes four studies under two overarching questions: (1) How does climate variability influence flood magnitude and frequency? (2) What are the best practices for interpreting and implementing paleofloods from alluvial systems in complex geomorphic environments for flood frequency analyses? Using regionally synthesized paleoflood records, I was able to identify observation of extreme flood processes under multiple climate conditions not apparent in the instrumented record alone. In Chapter 2, I compiled paleoflood records from Europe and North America over the last 2,000 years to examine flood response to large-scale climate periods. The regionally consistent timing of the most extreme floods from 1000-1300 CE suggests warmer temperatures augmenting precipitation can also augment flood magnitude. In Chapter 5, I compiled paleoflood records in the lower Tennessee River to evaluate Holocene flood variability. Periods of extreme flooding all occurred during large-scale abrupt climate transitions dominated by summer precipitation and following extended periods of drought. Addressing question two, I used reconstructed paleofloods from natural levees and dated surfaces of stable fluvial landforms to test strategies to implement paleoflood data from alluvial rivers in flood frequency analyses. Chapter 3 emphasized the importance of addressing floodplain aggradation and localized sediment variability to build robust paleoflood chronologies. Chapter 4 demonstrates the challenges in interpreting perception thresholds and non-exceedance bounds in complex alluvial environments using traditional approaches and tested more suitable alternatives for the environment. These advancements can improve the utility of paleoflood information in currently understudied river basins, particularly in regulated or ungauged rivers in humid climates. The work in this dissertation strengthens the evidence that extreme floods will become more frequent in response to warm temperatures. Specific drivers described in this body of work suggest that the rate of climate change and increased intensities in drought and heavy precipitation may augment flood hazards.
Modeling Paleofloods In The Tennessee Valley
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Author : Hannah Rene Kubas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Modeling Paleofloods In The Tennessee Valley written by Hannah Rene Kubas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Flood control categories.
Flood frequency estimates for extreme flows outside of the historical record have been studied for over 50 years. However, many approaches used for such estimates lack precision and have large uncertainties. This is a concern, as accurate flood frequency estimates are critical to informing river operation organizations, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), for risk assessments and dam safety improvement projects. The TVA manages 49 dams in the Tennessee River system, necessitating extensive monitoring and modeling of the rivers and reservoirs throughout Tennessee and parts of surrounding states. Recent studies have highlighted the use of paleoflood hydrology as a source of data to extend historical records of extreme floods. This method can also be used as a way to verify flows found in historical records. However, paleoflood studies in the United States have centered primarily on dry climates in the western part of the country, not humid regions such as East Tennessee, where this study is located. Like many major rivers in the United States, the rivers studied herein have undergone changes due to the construction of dams and residential development, which increases the difficulty of considering historical floods in frequency analyses. Thus a "Naturals" HEC-RAS model was created to associate historical flood deposits, with flows estimated from the model. The model was calibrated to an observed flood that occurred when only 3 dams were on the river, allowing closer representation of conditions when these paleoflood deposits were created. Rating curves were developed for different locations along the Tennessee River by modifying the Naturals model so that flood deposits identified in the future can be correlated with a flow-rate. This work demonstrates the need for a better understanding of past floods and how their associated flows would route through the current system. These results will be used to support future paleoflood studies for the TVA, which will in turn provide more accurate flood frequency data. This improved flood frequency data can then be used to improve dam safety decisions. Further, this work acts as a proof that paleoflood hydrology studies are feasible in the eastern United States.