Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors
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Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors
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Author : Keith H. Butler
language : en
Publisher: Penn State University Press
Release Date : 1980
Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors written by Keith H. Butler and has been published by Penn State University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Science categories.
This comprehensive treatment of fluorescent lamp phosphors is the first published description of methods for their manufacture. It discusses the various factors controlling the selection of specific phosphors for use in lamps, and is unique in its systematic application of group theory to the problem of explaining the excitation and emission spectra in terms of crystal structure of the host material and the energy levels of the added foreign ions which are the so-called activators responsible for fluorescence. Unusual topics from various specialized fields are included since phosphor science requires a knowledge of several branches of physics, chemistry, and crystallography as well as some aspects of ceramic technology. The basic principles of the theory of atomic spectra, group theory, and the use of character tables for the thirty-two crystallographic point groups are included for convenient reference. The appendix contains essential tables for dealing with the spectra of ions in crystals.
Novel Nanophosphors For High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Novel Nanophosphors For High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
This is the Final Report of the Novel Nanophosphors for High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps, Department of Energy (DOE). The overall goal of this three-year program is to develop novel hybrid phosphors by coating commercially available lamp phosphors with highly stable wide band-gap nanocrystalline phosphors (NCP). The prime technical approach is the development of NCP quantum-splitting phosphor (QSP) and ultra-violet (UV) emitting phosphors with quantum efficiencies exceeding that of the conventional phosphors at 185 nm. The novel hybrid phosphors will increase the efficiency of the fluorescent lamps by up to 32%, enabling total energy savings of 0.26 quads, the reduction in the U.S. energy bill by $6.5 billion and the reduction of the annual carbon emission by 4.1 billion kilogram. Our work started by investigating through modeling calculations the requirement for the particle size of the NCP. Our work to develop suitable nanocrystalline phosphors started with the known oxide quantum splitting and UV emitting phosphors. We demonstrated several synthesis techniques for the production of high quality nanocrystalline materials that crystallizes in the desired phase and with the desired particle size. In collaboration with our subcontractor we demonstrated the feasibility for the manufacture of NC phosphors. We also demonstrated novel techniques of coating the NCP on the surface of micron sized phosphors. Our chief achievement pertains to the successful testing of the coated hybrid phosphor systems in linear fluorescent lamps. In linear fluorescent lamp tests, we have demonstrated up to 7% increase in the efficacy of hybrid phosphors over the conventional (uncoated) phosphors. We have also demonstrated the improvement in the lumen maintenance of the coated phosphors. A hybrid phosphor system based on the commercial red emitting phosphor, Y2O3:Eu{sup 3+} did not show the anticipated improvement in lamp efficacy. We explored the reasons for this observation, which are detailed in this report. Within the program we have carried out fundamental investigations into the physical processes that determine the quantum splitting behavior of the Pr{sup 3+} ion in solids. Specifically, we have investigated the quantum splitting luminescence of this ion in the LaPO4, SrAl12O19 and LiLaP4O12 host lattices. In this final report we summarize the technical work completed under the Program, summarize our findings about the performance limits of the various technologies we investigated, and outline promising paths for future work.
Red Phosphors For Use In High Cri Fluorescent Lamps
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Red Phosphors For Use In High Cri Fluorescent Lamps written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Novel red emitting phosphors for use in fluorescent lamps resulting in superior color rendering index values compared to conventional red phosphors. Also disclosed is a fluorescent lamp including a phosphor layer comprising blends of one or more of a blue phosphor, a blue-green phosphor, a green phosphor and a red a phosphor selected from the group consisting of SrY.sub. 2 O.sub. 4 :Eu.sup. 3+, (Y, Gd)Al.sub. 3 B.sub. 4 O.sub. 12 :Eu.sup. 3+, and [(Y.sub. 1-x-y-m La.sub.y)Gd.sub.x]BO.sub. 3 :Eu.sub.m wherein y
The Chemistry Of Artificial Lighting Devices
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Author : Richard C. Ropp
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
The Chemistry Of Artificial Lighting Devices written by Richard C. Ropp and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Both the early use of artificial lighting and current manufacturing methods concerning incandescent and fluorescent lamps are covered in this book. The protocols for manufacture of fluorescent lamp phosphors and those used in cathode ray tubes are also treated in some detail. This text surveys the amazing, vast array of artificial lighting devices known to date in terms of how they arose and are, or have been used by mankind. A complete description of the formulations and methodology for manufacturing all known phosphors is given. The book will serve as a repository of such phosphor manufacturing methods, including that of cathode ray tube phosphors. Methods of manufacture of lamp parts are also presented, including that of tungsten wire. The original approaches used are described as well as improvements in technology. These will serve as comparative methods for present day manufacture of these components. A history of the lamp industry is presented. Several methods are given which may serve as a source for further work in the lamp industry. Some of the earliest work has been applied in the laser industry to develop new types of discharge lasers. These include nitrogen-gas lasers and the rare gas (excimer) lasers. Previous work on lamps may also be applied in the development of new types of lasers.
Fluorescent Lighting With Aluminum Nitride Phosphors
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Fluorescent Lighting With Aluminum Nitride Phosphors written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
A fluorescent lamp includes a glass envelope; at least two electrodes connected to the glass envelope; mercury vapor and an inert gas within the glass envelope; and a phosphor within the glass envelope, wherein the phosphor blend includes aluminum nitride. The phosphor may be a wurtzite (hexagonal) crystalline structure Al.sub.(1-x)M.sub.xN phosphor, where M may be drawn from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, ytterbium, bismuth, manganese, silicon, germanium, tin, boron, or gallium is synthesized to include dopants to control its luminescence under ultraviolet excitation. The disclosed Al.sub.(1-x)M.sub.xN:Mn phosphor provides bright orange-red emission, comparable in efficiency and spectrum to that of the standard orange-red phosphor used in fluorescent lighting, Y.sub.2O.sub.3:Eu. Furthermore, it offers excellent lumen maintenance in a fluorescent lamp, and does not utilize "critical rare earths," minimizing sensitivity to fluctuating market prices for the rare earth elements.
Practical Applications Of Phosphors
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Author : William M. Yen
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-08
Practical Applications Of Phosphors written by William M. Yen and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Drawn from the second edition of the best-selling Phosphor Handbook, Practical Applications of Phosphors outlines methods for the production of various phosphors and discusses a broad spectrum of applications. Beginning with methods for synthesis and related technologies, the book sets the stage by classifying and then explaining practical phosphors according to usage. It describes the operating principle and structure of phosphor devices and the phosphor characteristics required for a given device, then covers the manufacturing processes and characteristics of phosphors. The book discusses research and development currently under way on phosphors with potential for practical usage and touches briefly on phosphors that have played a historical role, but are no longer of practical use. It provides a comprehensive treatment of applications including lamps and cathode-ray tubes, x-ray and ionizing radiation, and for vacuum fluorescent and field emission displays and covers inorganic and organic electroluminescence materials. The book also covers phosphors for plasma displays, organic fluorescent pigments, and phosphors used in a variety of other practical applications. Emphasizing the practical and cutting-edge nature of the material included, the editors round out their coverage with a discussion of solid-state and organic laser materials.
Novel Nanophosphors For High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps
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Author : Alok M. Srivastava
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Novel Nanophosphors For High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps written by Alok M. Srivastava and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
This is the Yearly Report of the Novel Nanophosphors for High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps, Department of Energy (DOE). The overall goal of this three-year program is to develop novel hybrid phosphors by coating commercially available lamp phosphors with highly stable wide band-gap nanocrystalline phosphors (NCP). The novel hybrid phosphors will increase the efficiency of the fluorescent lamps by up to 32%, enabling total energy savings of 0.26 quads, the reduction in the U.S. energy bill by $6.5 billion and the reduction of the annual carbon emission by 4.1 billion kilogram. The prime technical approach is the development of NCP quantum-splitting phosphor (QSP) and ultra-violet emitting phosphors with quantum efficiencies exceeding that of the conventional phosphors at 185 nm. Our chief achievement, during the current contract period, pertains to the successful synthesis and characterization of coated phosphors. We demonstrated several synthesis techniques for the coating of micron sized commercial phosphors with quantum-splitting and UV emitting nanophosphors. We have also continued our fundamental investigations into the physical processes that determine the quantum efficiency of the nanophosphors and this has further helped codify a set of rules for the host lattice that support efficient quantum splitting and UV emission at room temperature. In this report we summarize the technical work completed under the Program, summarize our findings about the performance limits of the various technologies we investigated, and outline promising paths for future work.
Phosphor Handbook
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Author : Shigeo(decease) Shionoya
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1998-09-10
Phosphor Handbook written by Shigeo(decease) Shionoya and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-09-10 with Science categories.
From basic principles of luminescence to innovative technical applications, Phosphor Handbook will serve as the definitive resource on phosphors. Considering all the major changes in the field of phosphors, the editors have produced the most current and comprehensive reference available today. Contributed by noted worldwide scientists and engineers, the handbook serves a ready audience among researchers in the field of luminescence. This book completely describes: powder phosphors, including information on solid state laser materials and organic EL properties and technical applications of phosphors, including the principal classes of phosphors, procedures to synthesize and manufacture these phosphors, manner of deployment, and materials that emit light under various kinds of excitation current developments of phosphor materials required in advanced display technologies, such as UV Plasma Display and Field Emission Display (FED) experimental techniques characterizing materials in their initial and final forms Other provisos include: tutorials of fundamental physical and chemical properties of phosphor materials descriptions of optical properties of phosphor materials profiles on methods of synthesis and manufacture of all practical phosphors analysis of experimental procedures for the optical characterization of raw phosphors and the creation of display devices or lamps specification of physical and optical requirements for all applications of phosphors in lighting and display technologies Japanese industry has and will continue to play a key role in developing these applications, and many contributors to this volume acted as principals in the progress discussed. Display technologies will increase in importance, and no cohesive or comprehensive treatise exists - from basic to applied - on the nature, properties, synthesis, characterization, manufacture, and handling of phosphor materials in lighting and display technologies and applications. This exceptional handbook rectifies this deficiency, serving as the defining resource for all those engaged in research or in the application of phosphor materials - regardless of whether they are newcomers or veterans in this endeavor.
Multi Photon Phosphor Feasibility Research
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Author : R. Graham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Multi Photon Phosphor Feasibility Research written by R. Graham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Development of multi-photon phosphor materials for discharge lamps represents a goal that would achieve up to a doubling of discharge (fluorescent) lamp efficacy. This report reviews the existing literature on multi-photon phosphors, identifies obstacles in developing such phosphors, and recommends directions for future research to address these obstacles. To critically examine issues involved in developing a multi-photon phosphor, the project brought together a team of experts from universities, national laboratories, and an industrial lamp manufacturer. Results and findings are organized into three categories: (1) Multi-Photon Systems and Processes, (2) Chemistry and Materials Issues, and (3) Concepts and Models. Multi-Photon Systems and Processes: This category focuses on how to use our current understanding of multi-photon phosphor systems to design new phosphor systems for application in fluorescent lamps. The quickest way to develop multi-photon lamp phosphors lies in finding sensitizer ions for Gd{sup 3+} and identifying activator ions to red shift the blue emission from Pr{sup 3+} due to the {sup 1}S{sub 0} {yields} {sup 1}I{sub 6} transition associated with the first cascading step. Success in either of these developments would lead to more efficient fluorescent lamps. Chemistry and Materials Issues: The most promising multi-photon phosphors are found in fluoride hosts. However, stability of fluorides in environments typically found in fluorescent lamps needs to be greatly improved. Experimental investigation of fluorides in actual lamp environments needs to be undertaken while working on oxide and oxyfluoride alternative systems for backup. Concepts and Models: Successful design of a multi-photon phosphor system based on cascading transitions of Gd{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} depends critically on how the former can be sensitized and the latter can sensitize an activator ion. Methods to predict energy level diagrams and Judd-Ofelt parameters of multi-photon transitions are needed to help guide the experimental material selection. This report provides the theoretical basis for leading knowledgeable researchers along the path to develop multi-photon phosphor systems. The ultimate goal, a doubling of fluorescent lamp efficacy, is not going to be easily obtained. This report begins the process and should be followed with detailed experimental and theoretical research to continue the development process.
Experimental Investigation Of Recycling Rare Earth Elements From Waste Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors
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Author : Patrick Max Eduafo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Experimental Investigation Of Recycling Rare Earth Elements From Waste Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors written by Patrick Max Eduafo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Leaching categories.