For Practical Reasons
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Constructing Practical Reasons
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Author : Andreas Müller
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-12-01
Constructing Practical Reasons written by Andreas Müller and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-01 with Philosophy categories.
Some things are reasons for us to perform certain actions. That it will spare you great pain in the future, for example, is a reason for you to go to the dentist now, and that you are already late for work is a reason for you not to read the next article in the morning paper. Why are such considerations reasons for or against certain actions? Constructivism offers an intriguing answer to this question. Its basic idea is often encapsulated in the slogan that reasons are not discovered but made by us. Andreas Müller elaborates this idea into a fully-fledged account of practical reasons, makes its theoretical commitments explicit, and defends it against some well-known objections. Constructing Practical Reasons begins with an examination of the distinctive role that reason judgements play in the process of practical reasoning. This provides the resources for an anti-representationalist conception of the nature of those judgements, according to which they are true, if they are true, not because they accurately represent certain normative facts, but because of their role in sound reasoning. On the resulting view, a consideration owes its status as a reason to the truth of the corresponding reason judgement and thus, ultimately, to the soundness of a certain episode of reasoning. Consequently, our practical reasons exhibit a kind of mind-dependence, but this does not force us to deny their objectivity.
Structural Rationality And Other Essays On Practical Reason
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Author : Julian Nida-Rümelin
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-05-24
Structural Rationality And Other Essays On Practical Reason written by Julian Nida-Rümelin and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-24 with Philosophy categories.
In this book, the author shows that it is necessary to enrich the conceptual frame of the theory of rational choice beyond consequentialism. He argues that consequentialism as a general theory of rational action fails and that this does not force us into the dichotomy teleology vs deontology. The unity of practical reason can be saved without consequentialism. In the process, he presents insightful criticism of standard models of action and rational choice. This will help readers discover a new perspective on the theory of rationality. The approach is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions do exist that are outlined in accordance to utility maximizing or even self-interest maximizing. Yet, not all actions are to be understood in these terms. Actions oriented around social roles, for example, cannot count as irrational only because there is no known underlying maximizing heuristic. The concept of bounded rationality tries to embed instrumental rationality into a form of life to highlight limits of our cognitive capabilities and selective perceptions. However, the agent is still left within the realm of cost-benefit-reasoning. The idea of social preferences or meta-preferences cannot encompass the plurality of human actions. According to the author they ignore the plurality of reasons that drive agency. Hence, they coerce agency in fitting into a theory that undermines humanity. His theory of structural rationality acknowledges lifeworld patterns of interaction and meaning.
Varieties Of Practical Reasoning
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Author : Elijah Millgram
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2001
Varieties Of Practical Reasoning written by Elijah Millgram and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Philosophy categories.
An overview of the philosophical subfield of practical reasoning.
Constructivism In Practical Philosophy
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Author : James Lenman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-02
Constructivism In Practical Philosophy written by James Lenman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-02 with Philosophy categories.
This volume presents twelve original papers on constructivism - some sympathetic, others critical - by a distinguished group of moral philosophers. 'Kantian constructivism holds that moral objectivity is to be understood in terms of a suitably constructed social point of view that all can accept. Apart from the procedure of constructing the principles of justice, there are no moral facts.' So wrote John Rawls in his highly influential 1980 Dewey lectures 'Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory'. Since then there has been much discussion of constructivist understandings, Kantian or otherwise, both of morality and of reason more generally. Such understandings typically seek to characterize the truth conditions of propositions in their target domain in maximally metaphysically unassuming ways, frequently in terms of the outcome of certain procedures or the passing of certain tests, procedures or tests that speak to the distinctively practical concerns of deliberating human agents living together in societies. But controversy abounds over the interpretation and the scope as well as the credibility of such constructivist ideas. The essays collected here reach to the heart of this contemporary philosophical debate, and offer a range of new approaches and perspectives.
The Routledge Handbook Of Collective Intentionality
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Author : Marija Jankovic
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-02
The Routledge Handbook Of Collective Intentionality written by Marija Jankovic and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-02 with Philosophy categories.
The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality provides a wide-ranging survey of topics in a rapidly expanding area of interdisciplinary research. It consists of 36 chapters, written exclusively for this volume, by an international team of experts. What is distinctive about the study of collective intentionality within the broader study of social interactions and structures is its focus on the conceptual and psychological features of joint or shared actions and attitudes, and their implications for the nature of social groups and their functioning. This Handbook fully captures this distinctive nature of the field and how it subsumes the study of collective action, responsibility, reasoning, thought, intention, emotion, phenomenology, decision-making, knowledge, trust, rationality, cooperation, competition, and related issues, as well as how these underpin social practices, organizations, conventions, institutions and social ontology. Like the field, the Handbook is interdisciplinary, drawing on research in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, legal theory, anthropology, sociology, computer science, psychology, economics, and political science. Finally, the Handbook promotes several specific goals: (1) it provides an important resource for students and researchers interested in collective intentionality; (2) it integrates work across disciplines and areas of research as it helps to define the shape and scope of an emerging area of research; (3) it advances the study of collective intentionality.
Autonomous Agents
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Author : Alfred R. Mele
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Autonomous Agents written by Alfred R. Mele and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Philosophy categories.
Alfred Mele examines the concept of self-control on its terms, followed by an examination of its bearing on one's actions, beliefs, and emotions. He considers how, by understanding self-control, man can shed light on autonomous behaviour.
The Normativity Of Rationality
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Author : Benjamin Kiesewetter
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-09-15
The Normativity Of Rationality written by Benjamin Kiesewetter and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-15 with Philosophy categories.
Sometimes our intentions and beliefs exhibit a structure that proves us to be irrational. The Normativity of Rationality is concerned with the question of whether we ought to avoid such irrationality. Benjamin Kiesewetter defends the normativity of rationality by presenting a new solution to the problems that arise from the common assumption that we ought to be rational. The argument touches upon many other topics in the theory of normativity, such as the form and the content of rational requirements, the preconditions of criticism, and the function of reasons in deliberation and advice. Drawing on an extensive and careful assessment of the problems discussed in the literature, Kiesewetter provides a detailed defence of a reason-response conception of rationality, a novel, evidence-relative account of reasons, and an explanation of structural irrationality in terms of these accounts.
Responsibility For Rationality
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Author : Sebastian Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-11-25
Responsibility For Rationality written by Sebastian Schmidt and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-25 with Philosophy categories.
This book develops the foundations of an ethics of mind by investigating the responsibility that is presupposed by the requirements of rationality that govern our attitudes. It thereby connects the most recent research on responsibility and rationality in a unifying dialectic. How can we be responsible for our attitudes if we cannot normally choose what we believe, desire, feel, and intend? This problem has received much attention during the last decades, both in epistemology and ethics. Yet, its connections to discussions about reasons and rationality have been largely overlooked. The book has five main goals. First, it reinterprets the problem of responsibility for attitudes as a problem about the normativity of rationality. Second, it connects substantive and structural rationality by drawing on debates about responsibility. Third, it supports recent accounts of the normativity of rationality by explicitly defending the view that epistemic reasons and other ‘right‐kind’ reasons are genuine normative reasons, and it does so by drawing on recent discussions about epistemic blame. Fourth, it breaks the stalemate between rationalist and voluntarist accounts of mental responsibility by proposing a hybrid view. Finally, it argues that being irrational can warrant moral blame, thus revealing an unnoticed normative force of rational requirements. Responsibility for Rationality is an original and essential resource for scholars and advanced students interested in connecting strands of normative theory within epistemology, metaethics, and moral psychology. The Open Access version of this book was published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation.
Reasons And Intentions In Law And Practical Agency
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Author : George Pavlakos
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015-02-05
Reasons And Intentions In Law And Practical Agency written by George Pavlakos and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-05 with Law categories.
A collection of new essays on the interplay between intentions and practical reasons in law and practical agency.
Practical Reasoning And Ethical Decision
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Author : Robert Audi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2006-03-20
Practical Reasoning And Ethical Decision written by Robert Audi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-20 with Philosophy categories.
Presenting the most comprehensive and lucid account of the topic currently available, Robert Audi's "Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision" is essential reading for anyone interested in the role of reason in ethics or the nature of human action. The first part of the book is a detailed critical overview of the influential theories of practical reasoning found in Aristotle, Hume and Kant, whilst the second part examines practical reasoning in the light of important topics in moral psychology - weakness of will, self-deception, rationalization and others. In the third part, Audi describes the role of moral principles in practical reasoning and clarifies the way practical reasoning underlies ethical decisions. He formulates a comprehensive set of concrete ethical principles, explains how they apply to reasoning about what to do, and shows how practical reasoning guides moral conduct.