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Foraging Ecology Of Breeding Seabirds In Greenland

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Foraging Ecology Of Breeding Seabirds In Greenland

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Author : Jannie Fries Linnebjerg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Foraging Ecology Of Breeding Seabirds In Greenland written by Jannie Fries Linnebjerg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Sea birds categories.

Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In The European High Arctic

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Author : Fridtjof Mehlum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In The European High Arctic written by Fridtjof Mehlum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.

Foraging Ecology Of Winter Breeding Seabirds In New Zealand

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Author : Timothée Poupart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Foraging Ecology Of Winter Breeding Seabirds In New Zealand written by Timothée Poupart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Although the cost of reproduction constrains animals to breed during spring/summer when food availability peaks, exception exist in seabirds with few species engaged in breeding during winter months. How their elevated energy needs can be sustained during a period traditionally reported for food shortage and challenging at-sea conditions is poorly understood. In addition, this unusual breeding phenology is adopted by more species in New Zealand than elsewhere in the world, with a concentration on the South island west coast where several winter breeding species are reported to forage with overlap. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to: 1) describe the fine-scale foraging behaviour of winter-breeding species from the west coast of New Zealand's South Island, 2) investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic factors driving their foraging, and 3) quantify their niche overlap as they exploit similar areas during elevated energetically demand. Using bio-logging data (GPS, accelerometer, dive recorder) combined with stable isotopes (carbon and nitrogen from whole blood), the winter foraging strategies of breeding males and females were investigated in a deep diver (Fiordland penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) and two surface-feeders / shallow divers (Westland petrel Procellaria westlandica and southern Buller's albatross Thalassarche b. bulleri). The tracked individuals foraged close to their colony compared to their summer breeding congenerics, using primarily the nearby shelf-slope and neritic waters. Males and females displayed similar foraging behaviour in penguins and petrels, while spatial sexual differences occurred for albatross. All three species encountered prey at a high rate, allowing raising offspring with good success and without higher foraging effort than their summer-breeding congeners.These findings suggest that winter-breeding species have a phenology matching a winter prey resource on the shelf of the west coast of New Zealand's South Island. With additional data from literature for little penguin Eudyptula minor and spotted shag Stictocarbo punctatus, this winter-breeding community showed partial overlap of their foraging niche, but an accumulation of small divergences in home ranges, diving behaviour, temporal pattern of foraging, diet and trophic level is likely to explain their coexistence. Hence, winter-breeding can be a favourable phenology for high-level predators, which exploit shelf-slope and inshore waters undergoing winter mixing that insure fish and squids persistence through winter. In addition, winter-breeding also allow the matching of chick-fledging period with the spring (local primary production peak), and before the elevated needs of millions of summer-breeding species back from migration.

Reproductive Foraging Ecology Of Five Sympatrically Breeding Alcid Seabirds

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Author : William Eric Davies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Reproductive Foraging Ecology Of Five Sympatrically Breeding Alcid Seabirds written by William Eric Davies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Alcidae categories.

The Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In Relation To Contaminant Exposure And Oceanographic Habitat

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Author : Morgan E. Gilmour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

The Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In Relation To Contaminant Exposure And Oceanographic Habitat written by Morgan E. Gilmour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

The vastness of the ocean makes it difficult to study. This is compounded by regional differences in temperature, wind patterns, underwater topography, and primary productivity that extend from the ocean's surface to depths of thousands of meters. Many organisms that inhabit the marine environment navigate many environmental changes as they move between regions in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The ability to navigate through different habitat types indicates that marine animals may be adaptable to multiple environments; however, it also suggests that they may be exposed to multiple hazards, including hazards of anthropogenic originches Rates of anthropogenic inputs of chemicals and litter to the atmosphere and the ocean are increasing. However, many effects of anthropogenic compounds on marine life are only beginning to be understood. In this dissertation, I assessed foraging ecology, contaminants, and the effects of contaminants, in seabirds, which are unique among marine animals because they hunt for fishes and squid from the air, but breed on land. Land-based breeding enables them to be easily studied, and they are good samplers of the vast ocean because they travel tens to thousands of kilometers from the breeding colony to forage. I first tested the hypothesis that seabirds' foraging behaviors are related to local oceanographic habitats, and that they exhibit behavioral plasticity to exploit the marine environment. GPS-tracking and remotely-sensed environmental data of four species of boobies ( Sula spp.) demonstrated adaptable behaviors that changed depending on the type of oceanographic habitat in which boobies foraged (e.g. based on depth, sea surface temperature and topography). Second, I measured blood-based persistent organic pollutants (POP) and mercury contaminant concentrations in boobies and two species of frigatebirds (Fregata spp.) from four colonies in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. I combined blood-based contaminant measurements with two measures of foraging ecology (blood-based stable isotopes and GPS-tracking). Boobies and frigatebirds were exposed to different contaminants depending on their foraging habitat (e.g. nearshore vs offshore). Though three of the study sites were remote and uninhabited, all birds had contaminants. Lastly, I tested the hypothesis that mercury would negatively affect seabirds' breeding. I measured breeding in Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) and Great-winged Petrels (Pterodroma macroptera ) in the Southern Ocean (Western Australia). Though Great-winged Petrels' blood mercury concentrations were the highest among all seabirds, I did not detect relationships between mercury and breeding in either species. Overall, seabirds are adaptive to their local marine environment. They traverse many habitat types while foraging, which influences the concentrations and types of contaminants that they encounter. However, they may be adapted, or tolerant, to some contaminants like mercury. Seabirds are good samplers of the marine environment, and continue to serve as good indicators of oceanographic processes and contaminants found in the ocean.

Variability In Foraging Ecology And Food Consumption By Seabirds At High Latitudes

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Author : Eric J. Woehler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

Variability In Foraging Ecology And Food Consumption By Seabirds At High Latitudes written by Eric J. Woehler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Fork-tailed storm petrel categories.