Four Breeding Methods For Sweet Corn Under Organic Production Systems
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Four Breeding Methods For Sweet Corn Under Organic Production Systems
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Author : Tessa Ellen Peters
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Four Breeding Methods For Sweet Corn Under Organic Production Systems written by Tessa Ellen Peters and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Organic growers are interested in supporting organic plant breeding and purchase varieties bred under organic conditions. The goal of this work was to develop improved varieties of sweet corn (Zea mays, L.) for organic farmers. Chapter one gives an overview of the organic movement, plant breeding for organic systems, and sweet corn breeding to provide context for variety development. In chapter two, recurrent selection was used to increase yield under high planting density (82,493 plants ha-1). Three cycles of selection were evaluated using a split plot design with low (43,040 plants ha-1) and high planting densities. Significant positive linear (coefficient 4.8) and quadratic (coefficient 2.4) trends were found for number of marketable ears per plot. In chapter three, ten top cross varieties were created. They were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in two years with three locations per year. The top crosses had improved performance compared with the open pollinated parent for traits related to inbreeding (p
Improvement Of Sweet And Vegetable Corn Quality For Organic Production Systems
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Author : Alexa R. Wilson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Improvement Of Sweet And Vegetable Corn Quality For Organic Production Systems written by Alexa R. Wilson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Organic growers are interested in open pollinated sweet corn varieties due to their ability to be further bred and adapted to specific environments and management systems. Yet organic growers report that certain characteristics of open pollinated varieties, particularly a lack of uniformity for certain traits, hinders adoption and marketability. Additionally, growers at large seek new products to differentiate themselves in the marketplace and local chefs and restaurateurs seek new raw products to drive innovation in the kitchen. In particular, chefs report a need for different types of fresh eating corn, namely 'vegetable' types of corn that are less sweet, starchier, and better suited to cooking. The goal of this work was to determine best methods for the characterization and improvement of open pollinated sweet corn varieties and vegetable corn populations for organic agroecosystems. Using a half diallel of commonly used inbred lines near isogenic for four endosperm types, sugary1, shrunken2, waxy1, and wild type, chapter two found that while variation existed for carbohydrate traits and total soluble solids across endosperm types and for hybrids within an endosperm type, total soluble solids content correlated with soluble carbohydrates only when assessed across all endosperm types. Using three cycles of recurrent selection on total soluble solids content in a sweet x field, 'vegetable', corn population under organic management, chapter three found that this trait had low heritability, and selection did not improve the fresh eating harvest window. Taken together, these chapters illustrate that there was too much error in the total soluble solids measurement to be used effectively in sweet or vegetable corn breeding. Future breeding work to widen the fresh harvest window in vegetable corn populations could use sensory analysis or kernel moisture as selection tools. Chapter four evaluated a trial of experimental and commercially available open pollinated sweet corn varieties under organic management for uniformity of flowering time and a suite of traits of relevance to growers and consumers. Three open pollinated varieties bred in the Wisconsin Sweet Corn Breeding Program, 'Who Gets Kissed', 'Who Gets Kissed Too', and 'Quick Kiss' were as uniform as the open pollinated check variety for silk emergence. However, selection for earlier and more uniform flowering time in 'Who Gets Kissed Too' relative to 'Who Gets Kissed' has not significantly changed these traits, future selection work must use experimental designs that better control environmental variance to improve efficiency and make gains. In general, methods to improve the uniformity of traits like flowering time and eating quality of open pollinated varieties could be improved by first quantifying the variability inherent in the variety via measuring a large sample of plants in multiple environments, information which could then be used to inform selection to better serve the needs of growers.
Efficient Methods To Develop New Sweet Corn Cultivars For Organic Systems
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Author : Jared Zystro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Efficient Methods To Develop New Sweet Corn Cultivars For Organic Systems written by Jared Zystro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Organic systems differ from their conventional counterparts in ways that may affect the relative performance of plant genotypes. If cases where rank-change genotype-by-system interactions are present, selection in organic environments may be most appropriate when developing cultivars for organic systems. However, doing so requires efficient approaches that address the heterogeneity of organic systems. Identifying which traits are more stable across organic environments allows for better targeting of phenotyping efforts. Improved experimental designs may reduce error due to fine-scale spatial heterogeneity. Mating designs such as North Carolina Design II (NC DII), as well as marker information in concert with genomic BLUPs, can allow the prediction of the performance of a large number of hybrids and synthetics from a smaller subset of tested hybrids and inbreds. Synthetics, varieties produced from intermating multiple inbred lines, may be an appropriate method for developing stable and adaptable cultivars of cross-pollinated crops such as sweet corn (Zea mays). The goal of this research was to evaluate efficient methods to develop new sweet corn cultivars for organic systems. Chapter one provides an overview of the literature of organic breeding, mating designs, genomic prediction, and synthetic varieties. In chapter two, 100 sweet corn hybrids formed from four 5x5 North Carolina Design II mating blocks were grown, alongside their 40 inbred parents, in multi-location organic trials in 2015 and 2016. Differences were seen for inbred per se performance, combining ability, and stability across traits measured. In chapter three, phenotypic data from the 2015 and 2016 trials was used in concert with rich marker data to predict the performance of untested hybrids. Twenty-four of these untested hybrids were grown in five organic environments in 2017 and their performance correlated with predictions generated from inbred general combining ability, genomic predictions using solely additive effects, and genomic predictions using both additive and dominance effects. In general, the use of genomic prediction models slightly increased the accuracy of predictions of hybrid performance above the predictions based solely on general combining ability. However, the addition of dominance effects did not generally improve the predictions. In chapter four, phenotypic data from the 2015 and 2016 trials was used in concert with rich marker data to predict the performance of untested synthetic open-pollinated populations. Twenty-six of these untested synthetic populations were grown in five organic environments in 2017 and their performance correlated with predictions generated from inbred general combining ability, genomic predictions using solely additive effects and genomic predictions using both additive and dominance effects. In general, the use of genomic prediction models, either using additive effects alone, or including both additive and dominance effects, did not improve the accuracy of the predictions above those made using inbred general combining ability.
Principles Of Plant Genetics And Breeding
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Author : George Acquaah
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-12-14
Principles Of Plant Genetics And Breeding written by George Acquaah and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-14 with Science categories.
The revised edition of the bestselling textbook, covering both classical and molecular plant breeding Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding integrates theory and practice to provide an insightful examination of the fundamental principles and advanced techniques of modern plant breeding. Combining both classical and molecular tools, this comprehensive textbook describes the multidisciplinary strategies used to produce new varieties of crops and plants, particularly in response to the increasing demands to of growing populations. Illustrated chapters cover a wide range of topics, including plant reproductive systems, germplasm for breeding, molecular breeding, the common objectives of plant breeders, marketing and societal issues, and more. Now in its third edition, this essential textbook contains extensively revised content that reflects recent advances and current practices. Substantial updates have been made to its molecular genetics and breeding sections, including discussions of new breeding techniques such as zinc finger nuclease, oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, reverse breeding, genome editing, and others. A new table enables efficient comparison of an expanded list of molecular markers, including Allozyme, RFLPs, RAPD, SSR, ISSR, DAMD, AFLP, SNPs and ESTs. Also, new and updated “Industry Highlights” sections provide examples of the practical application of plant breeding methods to real-world problems. This new edition: Organizes topics to reflect the stages of an actual breeding project Incorporates the most recent technologies in the field, such as CRSPR genome edition and grafting on GM stock Includes numerous illustrations and end-of-chapter self-assessment questions, key references, suggested readings, and links to relevant websites Features a companion website containing additional artwork and instructor resources Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding offers researchers and professionals an invaluable resource and remains the ideal textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduates in plant science, particularly those studying plant breeding, biotechnology, and genetics.
Organic Crop Breeding
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Author : Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-02-28
Organic Crop Breeding written by Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Organic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field. Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.
Agricultural Innovation Systems
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-02-21
Agricultural Innovation Systems written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Managing the ability of agriculture to meet rising global demand and to respond to the changes and opportunities will require good policy, sustained investments, and innovation - not business as usual. Investments in public Research and Development, extension, education, and their links with one another have elicited high returns and pro-poor growth, but these investments alone will not elicit innovation at the pace or on the scale required by the intensifying and proliferating challenges confronting agriculture. Experience indicates that aside from a strong capacity in Research and Development, the ability to innovate is often related to collective action, coordination, the exchange of knowledge among diverse actors, the incentives and resources available to form partnerships and develop businesses, and conditions that make it possible for farmers or entrepreneurs to use the innovations. While consensus is developing about what is meant by 'innovation' and 'innovation system', no detailed blueprint exists for making agricultural innovation happen at a given time, in a given place, for a given result. The AIS approach that looks at these multiple conditions and relationships that promote innovation in agriculture, has however moved from a concept to a sub-discipline with principles of analysis and action. AIS investments must be specific to the context, responding to the stage of development in a particular country and agricultural sector, especially the AIS. This sourcebook contributes to identifying, designing, and implementing the investments, approaches, and complementary interventions that appear most likely to strengthen AIS and to promote agricultural innovation and equitable growth. It emphasizes the lessons learned, benefits and impacts, implementation issues, and prospects for replicating or expanding successful practices. The information in this sourcebook derives from approaches that have been tested at different scales in different contexts. It reflects the experiences and evolving understanding of numerous individuals and organizations concerned with agricultural innovation, including the World Bank. This information is targeted to the key operational staff in international and regional development agencies and national governments who design and implement lending projects and to the practitioners who design thematic programs and technical assistance packages. The sourcebook can also be an important resource for the research community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
Hearings Agriculture Dept
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1942
Hearings Agriculture Dept written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1942 with categories.
Sustainable Market Farming
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Author : Pam Dawling
language : en
Publisher: New Society Publishers
Release Date : 2013-02-01
Sustainable Market Farming written by Pam Dawling and has been published by New Society Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-01 with Gardening categories.
Growing for 100 - the complete year-round guide for the small-scale market grower. Across North America, an agricultural renaissance is unfolding. A growing number of market gardeners are emerging to feed our appetite for organic, regional produce. But most of the available resources on food production are aimed at the backyard or hobby gardener who wants to supplement their family's diet with a few homegrown fruits and vegetables. Targeted at serious growers in every climate zone, Sustainable Market Farming is a comprehensive manual for small-scale farmers raising organic crops sustainably on a few acres. Informed by the author's extensive experience growing a wide variety of fresh, organic vegetables and fruit to feed the approximately one hundred members of Twin Oaks Community in central Virginia, this practical guide provides: Detailed profiles of a full range of crops, addressing sowing, cultivation, rotation, succession, common pests and diseases, and harvest and storage Information about new, efficient techniques, season extension, and disease resistant varieties Farm-specific business skills to help ensure a successful, profitable enterprise Whether you are a beginning market grower or an established enterprise seeking to improve your skills, Sustainable Market Farming is an invaluable resource and a timely book for the maturing local agriculture movement.
Fundamentals Of Weed Science
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Author : Robert L Zimdahl
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-02-14
Fundamentals Of Weed Science written by Robert L Zimdahl and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fundamentals of Weed Science, Sixth Edition, places weed management in the context of weed research and science, presenting the latest advances in the role, control, and potential uses of weed plants. This book uses an ecological framework to explore the role of responsible and effective weed control in agriculture from the emergence and genetic foundation of weeds to the latest means of control and environmental effects. Fully revised, updated, and expanded, Fundamentals of Weed Science now includes insights into international trad eand consumer preferences, weed seedbanks, advancements in robotic weeding, weed flaming, and the potential of precision agriculture in weed science. • Includes an emphasis on herbicide resistance and molecular biology, both of which have come to dominate weed science research • Covers all traditional aspects of weed science as well as current research • Provides broad coverage, including relevant related subjects like weed ecology and weed population genetics
Hearings Before Subcommittee Of House Committee On Appropriations
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1941
Hearings Before Subcommittee Of House Committee On Appropriations written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1941 with Budget categories.