Free Persons Of Color
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North Carolina S Free People Of Color 1715 1885
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Author : Warren Eugene Milteer Jr.
language : en
Publisher: LSU Press
Release Date : 2020-07-01
North Carolina S Free People Of Color 1715 1885 written by Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. and has been published by LSU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-01 with History categories.
In North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885, Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. examines the lives of free persons categorized by their communities as “negroes,” “mulattoes,” “mustees,” “Indians,” “mixed-bloods,” or simply “free people of color.” From the colonial period through Reconstruction, lawmakers passed legislation that curbed the rights and privileges of these non-enslaved residents, from prohibiting their testimony against whites to barring them from the ballot box. While such laws suggest that most white North Carolinians desired to limit the freedoms and civil liberties enjoyed by free people of color, Milteer reveals that the two groups often interacted—praying together, working the same land, and occasionally sharing households and starting families. Some free people of color also rose to prominence in their communities, becoming successful businesspeople and winning the respect of their white neighbors. Milteer’s innovative study moves beyond depictions of the American South as a region controlled by a strict racial hierarchy. He contends that although North Carolinians frequently sorted themselves into races imbued with legal and social entitlements—with whites placing themselves above persons of color—those efforts regularly clashed with their concurrent recognition of class, gender, kinship, and occupational distinctions. Whites often determined the position of free nonwhites by designating them as either valuable or expendable members of society. In early North Carolina, free people of color of certain statuses enjoyed access to institutions unavailable even to some whites. Prior to 1835, for instance, some free men of color possessed the right to vote while the law disenfranchised all women, white and nonwhite included. North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885 demonstrates that conceptions of race were complex and fluid, defying easy characterization. Despite the reductive labels often assigned to them by whites, free people of color in the state emerged from an array of backgrounds, lived widely varied lives, and created distinct cultures—all of which, Milteer suggests, allowed them to adjust to and counter ever-evolving forms of racial discrimination.
Beyond Slavery S Shadow
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Author : Warren Eugene Milteer Jr.
language : en
Publisher: UNC Press Books
Release Date : 2021-09-15
Beyond Slavery S Shadow written by Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. and has been published by UNC Press Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-15 with Social Science categories.
On the eve of the Civil War, most people of color in the United States toiled in bondage. Yet nearly half a million of these individuals, including over 250,000 in the South, were free. In Beyond Slavery's Shadow, Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. draws from a wide array of sources to demonstrate that from the colonial period through the Civil War, the growing influence of white supremacy and proslavery extremism created serious challenges for free persons categorized as "negroes," "mulattoes," "mustees," "Indians," or simply "free people of color" in the South. Segregation, exclusion, disfranchisement, and discriminatory punishment were ingrained in their collective experiences. Nevertheless, in the face of attempts to deny them the most basic privileges and rights, free people of color defended their families and established organizations and businesses. These people were both privileged and victimized, both celebrated and despised, in a region characterized by social inconsistency. Milteer's analysis of the way wealth, gender, and occupation intersected with ideas promoting white supremacy and discrimination reveals a wide range of social interactions and life outcomes for the South's free people of color and helps to explain societal contradictions that continue to appear in the modern United States.
Free People Of Color
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Author : HORTON JAMES OLIVER
language : en
Publisher: Smithsonian
Release Date : 1993-04-17
Free People Of Color written by HORTON JAMES OLIVER and has been published by Smithsonian this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-04-17 with African Americans categories.
Free People of Color is a path-breaking historical inquiry into the forces that unified and divided free African Americans in the pre-Civil War North, as they dealt with human issues vastly complicated by the racist character of American society. James Oliver Horton explores the social and psychological interior of free African American communities and reveals the diversity and nuances of free black society in such northern cities as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington, D.C. While examining the heated debates within these communities over gender roles, skin color, national identity, leadership styles, and politics, he argues for a complex and pluralistic view of free black society - where disagreement did not preclude cooperation toward common goals, such as ending slavery, obtaining full citizenship, and securing educational and economic opportunities for all African Americans. Horton also discusses relations between blacks and the European immigrants with whom they shared living space and often competed for employment. He finds the association between African Americans and Germans to have been relatively harmonious, particularly in contrast to the violence and acrimony that marked contact between blacks and Irish immigrants. "Black people," observes Horton, "like all Americans, develop communities which reflect the national, regional, and local issues that affect their well-being." The essays in Free People of Color document the complexity of antebellum African American communities and portray their inhabitants as a multifaceted people whose lives were both complicated by restrictive forces and unified by common goals.
Between Slavery And Freedom
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Author : Julie Winch
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2014-04-04
Between Slavery And Freedom written by Julie Winch and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with History categories.
In Between Slavery and Freedom, Julie Winch explores the complex world of those people of African birth or descent who occupied the “borderlands” between slavery and freedom in the 350 years from the founding of the first European colonies in what is today the United States to the start of the Civil War. However they had navigated their way out of bondage – through flight, through military service, through self-purchase, through the working of the law in different times and in different places, or because they were the offspring of parents who were themselves free – they were determined to enjoy the same rights and liberties that white people enjoyed. In a concise narrative and selected primary documents, noted historian Julie Winch shows the struggle of black people to gain and maintain their liberty and lay claim to freedom in its fullest sense. Refusing to be relegated to the margins of American society and languish in poverty and ignorance, they repeatedly challenged their white neighbors to live up to the promises of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” enshrined in the Declaration of Independence. Winch’s accessible, concise, and jargon-free book, including primary sources and the latest scholarship, will benefit undergraduate students of American history and general readers alike by allowing them to judge the evidence for themselves and evaluate the authors’ conclusions.
Records Of Slaves And Free Persons Of Color
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1786
Records Of Slaves And Free Persons Of Color written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1786 with categories.
Free People Of Color
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Author : HORTON JAMES OLIVER
language : en
Publisher: Smithsonian Books (DC)
Release Date : 1993-04-17
Free People Of Color written by HORTON JAMES OLIVER and has been published by Smithsonian Books (DC) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-04-17 with African Americans categories.
Free People of Color is a path-breaking historical inquiry into the forces that unified and divided free African Americans in the pre-Civil War North, as they dealt with human issues vastly complicated by the racist character of American society. James Oliver Horton explores the social and psychological interior of free African American communities and reveals the diversity and nuances of free black society in such northern cities as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington, D.C. While examining the heated debates within these communities over gender roles, skin color, national identity, leadership styles, and politics, he argues for a complex and pluralistic view of free black society - where disagreement did not preclude cooperation toward common goals, such as ending slavery, obtaining full citizenship, and securing educational and economic opportunities for all African Americans. Horton also discusses relations between blacks and the European immigrants with whom they shared living space and often competed for employment. He finds the association between African Americans and Germans to have been relatively harmonious, particularly in contrast to the violence and acrimony that marked contact between blacks and Irish immigrants. "Black people", observes Horton, "like all Americans, develop communities which reflect the national, regional, and local issues that affect their well-being". The essays in Free People of Color document the complexity of antebellum African American communities and portray their inhabitants as a multifaceted people whose lives were both complicated by restrictive forces and unified by common goals.
The Free People Of Color Of New Orleans
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Author : Mary Gehman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994-01-01
The Free People Of Color Of New Orleans written by Mary Gehman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with History categories.
Antebellum New Orleans was home to thousands of urbane, educated and well to do free blacks. The French called them "les gens de couleur libre", the free people of color; after the Civil War they were known as the Creoles of color, shortened today to simply Creoles. Theirs was and ambiguous status, sharing the French language, Catholic religion and European education of the elite whites, who were often blood relatives, but also keeping African and indigenous American influences from their early heritage. - back cover.
Free People Of Color
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Author : HORTON JAMES OLIVER
language : en
Publisher: Smithsonian Books (DC)
Release Date : 1993-04-17
Free People Of Color written by HORTON JAMES OLIVER and has been published by Smithsonian Books (DC) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-04-17 with History categories.
Free People of Color is a path-breaking historical inquiry into the forces that unified and divided free African Americans in the pre-Civil War North, as they dealt with human issues vastly complicated by the racist character of American society. James Oliver Horton explores the social and psychological interior of free African American communities and reveals the diversity and nuances of free black society in such northern cities as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington, D.C. While examining the heated debates within these communities over gender roles, skin color, national identity, leadership styles, and politics, he argues for a complex and pluralistic view of free black society - where disagreement did not preclude cooperation toward common goals, such as ending slavery, obtaining full citizenship, and securing educational and economic opportunities for all African Americans. Horton also discusses relations between blacks and the European immigrants with whom they shared living space and often competed for employment. He finds the association between African Americans and Germans to have been relatively harmonious, particularly in contrast to the violence and acrimony that marked contact between blacks and Irish immigrants. "Black people", observes Horton, "like all Americans, develop communities which reflect the national, regional, and local issues that affect their well-being". The essays in Free People of Color document the complexity of antebellum African American communities and portray their inhabitants as a multifaceted people whose lives were both complicated by restrictive forces and unified by common goals.
Encyclopedia Of Free Blacks And People Of Color In The Americas
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Author : Matthew Bunson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Encyclopedia Of Free Blacks And People Of Color In The Americas written by Matthew Bunson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with America categories.
Encyclopedia of Ancient Rome, Third Edition provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary coverage of the people, places, events, and ideas of ancient Rome.
Black Masters A Free Family Of Color In The Old South
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Author : Michael P. Johnson
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 1986-04-17
Black Masters A Free Family Of Color In The Old South written by Michael P. Johnson and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-04-17 with History categories.
"A remarkably fine work of creative scholarship." —C. Vann Woodward, New York Review of Books In 1860, when four million African Americans were enslaved, a quarter-million others, including William Ellison, were "free people of color." But Ellison was remarkable. Born a slave, his experience spans the history of the South from George Washington and Thomas Jefferson to Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis. In a day when most Americans, black and white, worked the soil, barely scraping together a living, Ellison was a cotton-gin maker—a master craftsman. When nearly all free blacks were destitute, Ellison was wealthy and well-established. He owned a large plantation and more slaves than all but the richest white planters. While Ellison was exceptional in many respects, the story of his life sheds light on the collective experience of African Americans in the antebellum South to whom he remained bound by race. His family history emphasizes the fine line separating freedom from slavery.