From Bretton Woods To The Idea Of A Bretton Woods Ii System
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From Bretton Woods To The Idea Of A Bretton Woods Ii System
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Author : Michael Frei
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-07-29
From Bretton Woods To The Idea Of A Bretton Woods Ii System written by Michael Frei and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 5 von 5, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (School of Economics and Management), language: English, abstract: The Bretton Woods institutions – International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) = World Bank – are based on a hierarchical level of cooperating national states. The function of the International Monetary Fund is to be a reserve bank of industry states, as well as being a controlling body which is supervising the account of payments and the accounts of debits. The duties of World Bank have been defined to coordinate and resolve development and reconstruction aid. (Tetzlaff, S. 47). It was a long way before the Bretton Woods institutions began their work concrete in 1947. From 1942 until the conference in 1944 in Bretton Woods were discussed proposals by different states. Many oft that proposals was presented by the United States and by Great Britain. Some of the fundamental aspects in the discussion presented by the national states were to build up a strong world economic, to influence the capital movement, to provent currency manipulation but also to maintain the national currency and economic policy. Contents: Economic situation until the foundation of Bretton Woods in 1944, Bretton Woods – Theoretic idea, The End of the Bretton Woods System, The Bretton Woods II System in Asia, Euro or Dollar?, Conclusion
A Retrospective On The Bretton Woods System
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Author : Michael D. Bordo
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-12-01
A Retrospective On The Bretton Woods System written by Michael D. Bordo and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
At the close of the Second World War, when industrialized nations faced serious trade and financial imbalances, delegates from forty-four countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in order to reconstruct the international monetary system. In this volume, three generations of scholars and policy makers, some of whom participated in the 1944 conference, consider how the Bretton Woods System contributed to unprecedented economic stability and rapid growth for 25 years and discuss the problems that plagued the system and led to its eventual collapse in 1971. The contributors explore adjustment, liquidity, and transmission under the System; the way it affected developing countries; and the role of the International Monetary Fund in maintaining a stable rate. The authors examine the reasons for the System's success and eventual collapse, compare it to subsequent monetary regimes, such as the European Monetary System, and address the possibility of a new fixed exchange rate for today's world.
Bretton Woods
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Author : Armand Van Dormael
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1978-06-29
Bretton Woods written by Armand Van Dormael and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978-06-29 with Business & Economics categories.
The Bretton Woods Gatt System
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Author : Orin Kirshner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-07-17
The Bretton Woods Gatt System written by Orin Kirshner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-17 with Business & Economics categories.
A collection by founders and early leaders of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), presenting the current thinking on the past, present and future of the postwar system of international finance and trade.
A Search For Solvency
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Author : Alfred E. Eckes
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2014-07-03
A Search For Solvency written by Alfred E. Eckes and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Diverted by the dramatic military and political events of July 1944, few Americans realized the significance of an international conference taking place at Bretton Woods, a mountain resort in New Hampshire, far from the battle zones. There United Nations experts were completing plans for a world monetary and financial system that they hoped would create a prosperous, efficient global economy and avert economic tensions that might lead to another world war. Until the dollar crisis of 1971, decisions made at Bretton Woods provided the institutions and rules for international finance. The conference ushered in an era of unprecedented expansion of world trade and prosperity. Based on extensive research in previously unavailable sources, A Search for Solvency relates intriguing and often complicated issues of economic analysis and diplomatic history. It offers a succinct and comprehensive survey of international monetary development from the collapse of the pre–World War I gold standard to the devaluation of the dollar in 1971. In effect, it explains the origins of late twentieth-century global inflation and currency problems. The author details how the ghost of the Great Depression, the failure of monetary reconstruction efforts after World War I, and the memory of the nineteenth-century gold standard guided efforts to construct the Bretton Woods system. This preoccupation with the past, as well as political constraints, produced a monetary system protected against past dangers—fluctuating currencies, controls, and deflation—but dangerously vulnerable to inflationary pressures. The weaknesses of Bretton Woods, a system geared to an era in which economic power was concentrated in the United States, became visible in the 1960s and painfully apparent by the mid-1970s.
Bretton Woods Agreements
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Author : Naomi Lamoreaux
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2019-07-23
Bretton Woods Agreements written by Naomi Lamoreaux and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-23 with History categories.
Commentaries by top scholars alongside the most important documents and speeches concerning the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 The two world wars brought an end to a long†‘standing system of international commerce based on the gold standard. After the First World War, the weaknesses in the gold standard contributed to hyperinflation, the Great Depression, the rise of fascism, and ultimately World War II. The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 arose out of the Allies’ desire to design a postwar international economic system that would provide a basis for prosperity, trade, and worldwide economic development. Alongside important documents and speeches concerning the adoption and evolution of the Bretton Woods system, this volume includes lively, readable, original essays on such topics as why the gold standard was doomed, how Bretton Woods encouraged the adoption of Keynesian economics, how the agreements influenced late†‘twentieth†‘century ideas of international development, and why the agreements ultimately had to give way to other arrangements.
Bretton Woods Ii Still Defines The International Monetary System
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Author : Michael P. Dooley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Bretton Woods Ii Still Defines The International Monetary System written by Michael P. Dooley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
In this paper we argue that net capital inflows to the United States did not cause the financial crisis that now engulfs the world economy. A crisis caused by such flows has been widely predicted but that crisis has not occurred. Indeed, the international monetary system still operates in the way described by the Bretton Woods II framework and is likely to continue to do so. Failure to properly identify the causes of the current crisis risks a rise in protectionism that could intensify and prolong the decline in economic activity around the world.
The Bretton Woods System And It S Historical Backdrop
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Author : Arne Frohwitter
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-04-17
The Bretton Woods System And It S Historical Backdrop written by Arne Frohwitter and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with History categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Geschichte - Sonstiges, Note: 14, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Observing this todays financial crisis one might find it hard to believe that only about sixty years ago we had a financial world order that was founded on the idea that finance has to be the “servant“ (Gardner 76) of the economy and of society as a whole. The Bretton-Woods-Conference in 1944 set out to regulate finance in a way that promotes trade while protecting national states from damage caused by monetary problems. The focus lay on the domestic economies, which the new system would strive to safeguard. The national states were, in the thinking of the makers, to be the “masters” (76) of international economy and the international financial system was to work in their best interest. The way of thinking of economists and policy makers at the time did not originate out of thin air. After the turn of the 19th to the 20th century the world experienced two devastating World Wars and the Great Depression, which brought unemployment and poverty to millions of people and basically destroyed parts of the economy in the western hemisphere. These events resulted in the wish to create a system of international rules and regulations that could guarantee stability. Problems that called for a remedy included fluctuating exchange rates, extensive balance of payment deficits and destructive mercantilist trade policies, like competitive devaluations and foreign exchange regulations. Still, to understand the foundations on which John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White, the chief economists behind the Bretton-Woods-System, drafted their initial plans for an economic world order, it is necessary to go even further back in time. The starting point for the analysis in this paper will be a period of relative stability, namely the end of the 19th century when most economic activity gravitated around Great Britain, at the time the hub of the financial world. The system in place was the so-called gold standard, which guaranteed the convertibility of different currencies and ensured that balance of payments deficits were evened out.
The Bretton Woods System Of Fixed Exchange Rates Theoretical Background And Its Development
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Author : Kathrin C. Hägele
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010-08
The Bretton Woods System Of Fixed Exchange Rates Theoretical Background And Its Development written by Kathrin C. Hägele and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 1, Pforzheim University, course: International Economics, 37 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This work is about the international monetary system, which is a called the Bretton Woods System, starting primarily from the end of the Second World War till the the 1970s. First of all the background of the years before the formation of the Bretton Woods System will be disclosed. This is important to evaluate the importance of a reformation of the monetary system. In the chapter "History" you will find further information, first about the Classical Gold Standard before 1914, second about the Gold-Exchange-Standard after the First World War and finally, about the currency confusion in the period from 1931 till the Second World War. In the third chapter of this assignement the Bretton Woods System will be revealed in detail. It starts with the background of the system, the theoretical details like the two proposals for the formation of the system, followed by some important aspects, as well as the main principles. Further points in this chapter are the implementation and the development throughout the years. Last but not least this is followed by a conclusion.
Bretton Woods Revisited
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Author : A.L.Keith Acheson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1972-06-18
Bretton Woods Revisited written by A.L.Keith Acheson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972-06-18 with Business & Economics categories.
