Future Air Force Requirements For Hydrocarbon Fuels
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Future Air Force Requirements For Hydrocarbon Fuels
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Author : Jack R. Fultz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Future Air Force Requirements For Hydrocarbon Fuels written by Jack R. Fultz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Hydrocarbons categories.
The two hydrocarbon structures exhibiting the most promise as candidate high temperature fuels are the alkyl-substituted monocyclics and the alkyl substituted condensed bicyclics. For specialized fuels, the isoparaffin structure best suits the requirements for a weight-limited fuel application whereas for an extreme high density fuel the condensed tricyclic structure exhibits the best compromise of properties. The preliminary results of a vapor fuels study indicate that the basic condensed bicyclic structure once again offers the most promise for an advanced vapor fuel. Research has indicated that a vapor fuel will extend the flight speed of advanced systems beyond mach 5. For greater speeds or for desirable additional cooling below Mach 5, a type of endothermic fuel will be required. The primary contribution of the endothermic fuels program is that the feasibility of conducting this type of reaction under conditions to be encountered in advanced air-breathing systems is established and that the reaction products will perform satisfactorily in the combustor.
The Usaf And Alternative Jet Fuel
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Author : Yvonne Carrico
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
The Usaf And Alternative Jet Fuel written by Yvonne Carrico and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Algal biofuels categories.
"The purpose of this paper is to analyze three of the alternative fuels that are currently (or soon to be) available that can meet U.S. Air Force aviation fuel requirements. While commercial airlines are also beginning to show interest in alternative fuels, the significance for the military extends beyond price and includes national security concerns. The three fuels showing the most promise for aviation are natural gas to liquid (GTL), coal to liquid (CTL), and biofuel from algae. This paper compares these three fuels using six traits either required of current aviation fuel or desired for their replacement: performance, energy content, compatibility, low cost and carbon, source, and storage/transport requirements. While all three fuels meet the required performance, energy, compatibility, storage and transport requirements of aviation fuel, they fall short in some of the other desired areas. Both GTL and CTL are not low carbon, and they are also not renewable or sustainable sources. Biofuel from algae meets all of the requirements, however the current cost of production is high and it could take up to a decade for this to become a viable alternative to oil. This analysis shows that the best option for the Air Force is to invest in carbon capture technology and pursue GTL or CTL fuels for the short term. However, research and development of biofuel from algae should also continue, as this fuel shows the most promise as a permanent, renewable, and sustainable replacement for oil."--Abstract.
A High Heat Flux Facility Design For Testing Of Advanced Hydrocarbon Fuel Thermal Stability
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
A High Heat Flux Facility Design For Testing Of Advanced Hydrocarbon Fuel Thermal Stability written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The Air Force Research Laboratory's Propulsion Directorate is developing higher energy density hydrocarbon fuels for application in reusable liquid rocket engines. For increased performance and operability, next generation engines will require better thermal stability understanding of hydrocarbon fuels under high heat fluxes. Of the existing thermal stability test rigs, none have the ability to accurately simulate the high heat flux conditions that will exist in the cooling channels of these new high-pressure hydrocarbon engines. To design and test fuels to meet the high reliability and reusability requirements proposed for these engines, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Edwards AFB has designed the High Heat Flux Facility (HHFF) using experience gained from past thermal stability test rig experiments. In order to design a facility capable of simulating the higher heat fluxes expected in the channels, CFD++, a Metacomp Technologies Inc. computational fluid dynamics software suite, was employed to optimize the design prior to manufacture. Conjugate heat transfer calculations were performed in a single computational domain containing the copper heater block and the fluid channel of the new test rig design. The parameters of interest during each experiment will be heat transfer coefficient, degree of coking and corrosion in the channel, and pressure drop as a function of heat flux, wall temperature, Reynolds number, channel material, fuel composition and pressure. AFRL's HHFF will be an important tool for facilitating the development and transition of new advanced hydrocarbon fuels.
Information Circular
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Information Circular written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Mine safety categories.
Hydrocarbon Fuels Optimization
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Hydrocarbon Fuels Optimization written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Hydrocarbon fuel performance in rockets is systematically considered using standard equilibrium, isentropic, one-dimensional computer codes with a new web-based interface. For reference engine conditions the optimized specific impulse depends only upon the mass-normalized (specific) enthalpy content and the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio In this context promising families of strained and unsaturated high-energy hydrocarbon fuels, with special emphasis upon those currently under development by in-house researchers, are insightfully compared and justified. A variety of simple, mission-tailored metrics approximating payload mass gains and the relative importance of fuel density are considered with special application to similar kerosene fuels, In this way it is possible to begin to simply, if approximately, quantify some of the performance trade-offs among the relevant liquid-fuel physical and chemical properties and to easily screen a great number of possible fuels as a foundation for calculations employing more sophisticated and realistic rocket models.
Development Of Advanced Hydrocarbon Fuels At Marshall Space Flight Center
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Author : S. D. Bai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Development Of Advanced Hydrocarbon Fuels At Marshall Space Flight Center written by S. D. Bai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Hydrocarbons categories.
Biofuels
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Author : Mark S. Danigole
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2009-05
Biofuels written by Mark S. Danigole and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The USAF is the largest energy consumer in the DoD. In conjunction with the Pres¿s. mandate to reduce dependency on foreign oil and in an effort to stem fuel exp., the USAF estab. an alternative energy program focused on increased conservation and the dev¿t. of new, domestic sources of fuel. This report examines biologically produced fuel alternatives and their ability to meet USAF jet fuel requirements by the year 2025. It examines ethanol, terrestrial produced biodiesel, algae oil and biobutanol and each fuel¿s ability to meet JP-8 fuel standards while achieving compatibility with USAF aircraft and fuel distribution systems. It recommends the continued development of biofuel technology to reduce USAF dependency on foreign oil. Illus.
Development Of Advanced Hydrocarbon Fuels At Marshall Space Flight Center
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-06-15
Development Of Advanced Hydrocarbon Fuels At Marshall Space Flight Center written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-15 with categories.
This was a small-scale, hot-fire test series to make initial measurements of performance differences of five new liquid fuels relative to rocket propellant-1 (RP-1). The program was part of a high-energy-density materials development at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and the fuels tested were quadricyclane, 1-7 octodiyne, AFRL-1, biclopropylidene, and competitive impulse noncarcinogenic hypergol (CINCH) (di-methyl-aminoethyl-azide). All tests were conducted at MSFC. The first four fuels were provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Edwards Air Force Base, CA. The U.S. Army, Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL, provided the CINCH. The data recorded in all hot-fire tests were used to calculate specific impulse and characteristic exhaust velocity for each fuel, then compared to RP-1 at the same conditions. This was not an exhaustive study, comparing each fuel to RP-1 at an array of mixture ratios, nor did it include important fuel parameters, such as fuel handling or long-term storage. The test hardware was designed for liquid oxygen (lox)/RP-1, then modified for gaseous oxygen/RP-1 to avoid two-phase lox at very small flow rates. All fuels were tested using the same thruster/injector combination designed for RP-1. The results of this test will be used to determine which fuels will be tested in future test programs. Bai, S. D. and Dumbacher, P. and Cole, J. W. Marshall Space Flight Center
Securing The Future Of U S Air Transportation
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-12-18
Securing The Future Of U S Air Transportation written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-12-18 with Transportation categories.
As recently as the summer of 2001, many travelers were dreading air transportation because of extensive delays associated with undercapacity of the system. That all changed on 9/11, and demand for air transportation has not yet returned to peak levels. Most U.S. airlines continue to struggle for survival, and some have filed for bankruptcy. The situation makes it difficult to argue that strong action is urgently needed to avert a crisis of undercapacity in the air transportation system. This report assesses the visions and goals for U.S. civil aviation and technology goals for the year 2050.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Aeronautics categories.
