Future Research Needs For Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs Or Direct Renin Inhibitors Dris For Treating Hypertension Identification Of F
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Future Research Needs For Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs Or Direct Renin Inhibitors Dris For Treating Hypertension Identification Of F
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Future Research Needs For Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs Or Direct Renin Inhibitors Dris For Treating Hypertension Identification Of F written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs And Direct Renin Inhibitors For Treating Essential Hypertension
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Author : U. S. Department Human Services
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2013-04-06
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs And Direct Renin Inhibitors For Treating Essential Hypertension written by U. S. Department Human Services and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-06 with categories.
Almost 75 million American adults-approximately one-third-have hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension increases with advancing age such that more than half of people 55 to 74 years old and approximately three-fourths of those age 75 years and older are affected. In addition to being the primary attributable risk factor for death throughout the world, hypertension results in substantial morbidity because of its impact on numerous target organs, including the brain, eyes, heart, arteries, and kidneys. Despite the high rates of morbidity and mortality attributable to hypertension, control of the condition remains suboptimal. In addition to several effective nonpharmacological interventions-including diet, exercise, and control of body weight-many people require antihypertensive medication to lower blood pressure. Among the many choices in antihypertensive therapy, some of the most common are those aimed at affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (renin) system. The renin system is an important mediator of blood volume, arterial pressure, and cardiac and vascular function. Components of this system can be identified in many tissues, but the primary site of renin release is the kidney. The renin system can be triggered by sympathetic stimulation, renal artery hypotension, and decreased sodium delivery to the distal tubule. Through proteolytic cleavage, renin acts on the oligopeptide substrate angiotensinogen to produce the decapeptide angiotensin I. In turn, two terminal peptide residues of angiotensin I are removed by the angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) to form the octapeptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II acts directly on the resistance vessels to: increase systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure; stimulate the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, which leads to increased sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion; promote secretion of antidiuretic hormone, which leads to fluid retention; stimulate thirst; promote adrenergic function; and increase cardiac and vascular hypertrophy. Therapies aimed at modifying the renin system have been used extensively for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, and renal disease. Currently, three classes of drugs that interact with this system are used to inhibit the effects of angiotensin II: the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), the angiotensin II receptor blockers/antagonists (ARBs), and the direct renin inhibitors. ACEIs block the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II; ARBs selectively inhibit angiotensin II from activating the angiotensin-specific receptor (AT1); and direct renin inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This review summarizes the evidence on the comparative long-term benefits and harms of ACEIs, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors, focusing on their use for treating essential hypertension in adults. In that analysis, investigators assessed the conclusions from the original comparative effectiveness review, performed a limited literature search of potentially new evidence, and solicited expert opinions concerning the state of the evidence and validity of the original report. Key Questions addressed are: Key Question 1. For adult patientsa with essential hypertension, how do ACEIs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), ARBs (angiotensin II receptor antagonists), and direct renin inhibitorsb differ in blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk reduction, cardiovascular events, quality of life, and other outcomesc? Key Question 2. For adult patients with essential hypertension, how do ACEIs, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors differ in safety, adverse events, tolerability, persistence with drug therapy, and treatment adherence
The Esc Textbook Of Preventive Cardiology
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Author : Stephan Gielen
language : en
Publisher: European Society of Cardiology
Release Date : 2015
The Esc Textbook Of Preventive Cardiology written by Stephan Gielen and has been published by European Society of Cardiology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Medical categories.
"EACPR, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation -- European Society of Cardiology."
Endocrinology And Diabetes
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Author : Francisco Bandeira
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-26
Endocrinology And Diabetes written by Francisco Bandeira and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-26 with Medical categories.
Endocrinology, and diabetes care in particular, is a dynamic field where clinicians must translate new evidence into clinical practice at a rapid pace. Designed in an engaging, case-based format, Endocrinology and Diabetes: A Problem Oriented Approach offers a wide range of thought-provoking case studies that reflect contemporary, challenging, hands-on clinical care. Further, by providing a list of specific clinical problems, this format offers the reader a more convenient and pointed way to solve precise clinical problems in a timely manner. Developed by a renowned, international group of experts, this comprehensive title covers the most common clinical problems in endocrinology and diabetes and should be of great interest to endocrinologists, diabetologists, internal medicine physicians, family physicians, fellows, and residents.
Renal Fibrosis Mechanisms And Therapies
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Author : Bi-Cheng Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-08-09
Renal Fibrosis Mechanisms And Therapies written by Bi-Cheng Liu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-09 with Science categories.
This book systemically presents the latest research on renal fibrosis, covering all the major topics in the field, including the possible mechanisms, biomarkers, and strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Due to its high prevalence, CKD represents a huge global economic and social burden. Irrespective of the initial causes, CKD progresses to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to renal fibrosis, which is characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubule atrophy and atresia, and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Unfortunately, an estimated 1%-2% of the adult population living with CKD will need renal replacement therapy at some point as a result of ESKD. As such, strategies for preventing or slowing CKD progression to ESKD are of utmost importance, and studies aiming to understand the mechanisms of renal fibrosis have been the focus of intensive research. Recently, novel insights into the pathophysiological processes have furthered our understanding of the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, and more importantly, promoted studies on the early diagnosis and treatment of CKD. This book draws lessons from the extensive, state-of-the-art research in this field, elaborating the new theories and new techniques to offer readers a detailed and comprehensive understanding of renal fibrosis and as well as inspiration for future research directions.
Cardio Nephrology
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Author : Janani Rangaswami
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-07-31
Cardio Nephrology written by Janani Rangaswami and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-31 with Medical categories.
Extending from the outpatient management of cardiovascular and kidney disease, to hospital-based decision making in patients with cardio-renal disease and complex interfaces such as hemodialysis in patients with ventricular assist device support, this book serves as a single reference point for cardiology and nephrology clinicians and researchers dealing with the significant overlap areas between these two specialties. Chapters cover the physiology, biomarkers, therapeutic agents and full spectrum of these comorbidities and feature separate sections on cardiovascular and CKD evaluations, stratification of kidney transplant patients, lipid management in CKD, interventional strategies and hypertension. Leaders in cardiology, nephrology, hypertension and lipidology bring together the latest evidence with their collective clinical experience into this invaluable resource.This textbook is an essential resource for physicians and allied professionals practicing cardiology, nephrology, students and physician trainees, to deepen their understanding of this crucial field.
Psychology And Pathophysiological Outcomes Of Eating
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Author : Akikazu Takada
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-12-01
Psychology And Pathophysiological Outcomes Of Eating written by Akikazu Takada and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-01 with Medical categories.
The psychology of eating is regulated by neural mechanisms. When not well controlled, eating may result in disorders and health hazards such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and vascular diseases. Lifestyles and cultures influence eating habits, thus there are differences in the prevalence of health problems depending upon living environments. This book examines the psychology and the pathophysiological outcomes of eating. Chapters address such topics as the influence of lifestyle, circadian rhythm, sleep, and fragrant odors on appetite and weight regulation; the impact of glucose, sucrose, lactate, and ketone bodies on the brain; the consequences of glycation stress on the skeletal muscle; and much more.
Basic Concepts In Pharmacology What You Need To Know For Each Drug Class Fourth Edition
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Author : Janet L. Stringer
language : en
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Release Date : 2011-03-11
Basic Concepts In Pharmacology What You Need To Know For Each Drug Class Fourth Edition written by Janet L. Stringer and has been published by McGraw Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-11 with Medical categories.
A time-saving, stress-reducing approach to learning the essential concepts of pharmacology Great for USMLE review! "This could be a very useful tool for students who struggle with understanding the most basic concepts in pharmacology for course and licensure examinations. 3 Stars."--Doody's Review Service Basic Concepts in Pharmacology provides you with a complete framework for studying -– and understanding -- the fundamental principles of drug actions. With this unique learning system, you’ll be able to identify must-know material, recognize your strengths and weaknesses, minimize memorization, streamline your study, and build your confidence. Basic Concepts in Pharmacology presents drugs by class, details exactly what you need to know about each class, and reinforces key concepts and definitions. With this innovative text you’ll be able to: Recognize the concepts you truly must know before moving on to other material Understand the fundamental principles of drug actions Organize and condense the drug information you must remember Review key information, which is presented in boxes, illustrations, and tables Identify the most important drugs in each drug class Seven sections specifically designed to simplify the learning process and help you gain an understanding of the most important concepts: General Principles Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System Drugs That Act on the Central Nervous System Chemotherapeutic Agents Drugs That Affect the Endocrine System Miscellaneous Drugs (Includes Toxicology and Poisoning)
Drug Adherence In Hypertension And Cardiovascular Protection
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Author : Michel Burnier
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-06-27
Drug Adherence In Hypertension And Cardiovascular Protection written by Michel Burnier and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-27 with Medical categories.
This book provides a critical and comprehensive review of the methodologies available for measuring drug adherence in clinical practice, including those relying on emerging technologies. The authors discuss the risk factors of non-adherence and shed light on how to identify patients at risk of poor adherence. Drug therapies in chronic diseases rely heavily on the patient's adherence, since drugs that are not taken are ineffective and leave the patient at high risk of developing clinical complications. Given the absence of new drugs for the treatment of hypertension, drug adherence is particularly important in these patients to improve blood pressure control. The book further investigates a new aspect, namely the importance of drug adherence in clinical trials and studies and draws attention to the limits of developing drugs without significant information on drug adherence. Several chapters are dedicated to the importance of adherence in specific forms of hypertension, such as resistant hypertension, dyslipidemia and hypertension associated with cardiovascular risk. As experts confronted with drug adherence in their daily practice, the authors analyse the real effectiveness of several interventions aimed at improving drug adherence and put particular emphasis on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach involving nurses and pharmacists. The volume also includes a careful analysis of the health and economic impact of poor adherence. The book is aimed at physicians, pharmacists, students and all health professionals dealing not only with hypertension or dyslipidemia, but also with chronic asymptomatic diseases such as diabetes, HIV or chronic respiratory diseases.
A Practical Guide To Diabetes Mellitus
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Author : Nihal Thomas
language : en
Publisher: JAYPEE BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
Release Date : 2012-12-15
A Practical Guide To Diabetes Mellitus written by Nihal Thomas and has been published by JAYPEE BROTHERS PUBLISHERS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-15 with Health & Fitness categories.
The Sixth Edition of A Practical Guide to Diabetes Mellitus offers a unique combination of rigorous pathophysiology with very practical approaches to diabetes prevention and control. This outstanding textbook will equip a cadre of doctors and other health care professionals to deliver high quality care to vulnerable populations around India and far beyond. Based on research as well as clinical practice, the text describes diabetes in relation to physiology, ocular, cardiovascular, neuropathy, pregnancy, emergencies, childhood diabetes, etc. Each chapter beings with a brief outline of the disease concerned followed by introduction, definition/terminology, classification, treatment, conclusion and ending with set of question for self-assessment. Covers step wise images describes insulin administration in subcutaneous and using pen devices in the chapter: Insulin therapy: practical aspects. Feet, Footcare and Neuroarthropathy chapter deals with etiology and pathophysiology and is divided into three parts: Ulceration, Neuroarthropathy and Peripheral Artery Occlusive(PAD) diseases. Infection in diabetes chapter focuses on infection related to head and neck, genitourinary, skin and soft tissue, pulmonology and abdominal. Recent advances includes application of new drugs like Taspoglutide, Albiglutide, Lixisenatide, Newer DPP-IV inhibitors, along with new insulin receptor activators, PPAR agonists, new hepatic targets for glycemic control in diabetes. This book contains more than 300 coloured images and illustrations, 40 clinical cases, 50 questions for quick revision along with answers to the self-assessments question given at the end of book."