Gamma Ray Imaging For Environmental Remediation 1998 Annual Progress Report
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Gamma Ray Imaging For Environmental Remediation 1998 Annual Progress Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Gamma Ray Imaging For Environmental Remediation 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
The objective of this research is the development of high resolution germanium detector systems for direct imaging of spent nuclear fuels and fissile materials and Compton scatter imaging of large objects of arbitrary size. A small configuration of detectors shall be assembled to demonstrate the performance of such a system. The efforts in this first year of a three year program have been focused on the design and procurement of a four detector array of germanium strip detectors. The basic detector is a 5 cm x 5 cm x 1 cm thick planar germanium detector with segmented anode and cathode. These segmentations are in the form of strips with a pitch of 2 millimeters. The strips on the anode side run orthogonal to the strips on the cathode side so that, in a gamma-ray interaction, the collection of electrons and holes on opposite electrodes produces signals which identify the interaction position in two dimensions. Each detector in the array has 25 anode contacts and 25 cathode contacts. The detector array has been designed as a planar array providing 100 square centimeters of active area mounted in a single cryostat. To reduce electronics channel count, parallel strips from adjacent detectors are electrically joined together effectively making strips that are 10 cm long. In this configuration, 100 channels of electronics are required to readout the array. In a related project, the authors are investigating processes to produce improved contacts for germanium strip detectors which would offer both more reliable extended use and the potential for finer strip pitch or position resolution. Investigating amorphous contacts, they have, to date, prepared two Ge test detectors. One was produced using n-type Ge and the other p-type Ge. The p-type detector has a Li diffused contact on one side while the n-type detector has a B ion-implanted contact. Amorphous contacts have been formed on the opposite side of each detector by RF sputtering. They are currently conducting a series of leakage current versus operating temperature measurements in order to determine the barrier heights of the amorphous contacts. The use of n and p type detectors will allow us to measure the electron and hole blocking behavior of the contacts respectively. This will provide important information on the nature of these contacts and will determine if double-sided strip detectors can be produced using only amorphous contacts.
Gamma Ray Imaging For Environmental Remediation
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Author : E. A. Wulf
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Gamma Ray Imaging For Environmental Remediation written by E. A. Wulf and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
This program is the development of germanium strip detectors for environmental remediation. It is a collaboration between the Naval Research Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. The goal is to develop detectors that are simultaneously capable of excellent spectroscopy and imaging of gamma radiation.
Gamma Ray Imaging System Innovative Technology Summary Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Gamma Ray Imaging System Innovative Technology Summary Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
The RadScan 600 gamma-ray imaging system is designed to survey large surface areas for radiological contamination with accuracy and efficiency. The resulting survey data are clear, concise, and precise in describing how much contamination is present at exact locations. Data can be permanently stored electronically and on video tape, making storage and retrieval economical and efficient. This technology can perform accurate measurements in high radiation contamination areas while minimizing worker exposure. The RadScan 600 system is a safe and effective alternative to hand-held radiation detection devices. Performance data of the demonstrated survey area of the RadScan 600 system versus the baseline, which is the hand-held radiation detection devices (RO-2 and RO-7) for a given survey, production rate is 72% of the baseline. It should be noted that the innovative technology provides 100% coverage at a unit cost of $8.64/m2 versus a static measurement of a unit cost of $1.61/m2 for the baseline.
Surface And Borehole Electromagnetic Imaging Of Conducting Contaminant Plumes 1998 Annual Progress Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Surface And Borehole Electromagnetic Imaging Of Conducting Contaminant Plumes 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Electromagnetic induction tomography is a promising new tool for imaging electrical conductivity variations in the earth. The source field is a magnetic field generated by currents in wire coils. This source field is normally produced in one borehole, while the received signals are the measured small changes in magnetic field in another, distant borehole; however, the method may also be used successfully in combination with surface sources and receivers. The goal of this procedure is to image electrical conductivity variations in the earth, much as x-ray tomography is used to image density variations through cross-sections of the body. Although field techniques have been developed and applied to collection of such EM data, the algorithms for inverting the magnetic data to produce the desired images of electrical conductivity have not kept pace. The current state of the art in electromagnetic data inversion is based on the Born/Rytov approximation (requiring a low contrast assumption), or extensions. However, it is known that conductivity variations in fact range over several orders of magnitude and therefore require nonlinear analysis. The goal of this project is therefore to join theory and experiment to produce enhanced images of electrically conducting fluids underground, allowing better localization of contaminants and improved planning strategies for the subsequent remediation efforts.
Physics Division Annual Report
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Author : Argonne National Laboratory. Physics Division
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Physics Division Annual Report written by Argonne National Laboratory. Physics Division and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Nuclear physics categories.
Energy Research Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Power resources categories.
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Environmental Contamination From Uranium Production Facilities And Their Remediation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Environmental Contamination From Uranium Production Facilities And Their Remediation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
The legacies of past uranium mining and milling continue to be of concern and require assessment and remedial action. This problem has been recognized in many parts of the world over the past three decades, but has received increased attention since the end of the Cold War. Considerable effort and resources have been expended in dealing with this legacy. However, it has to be noted that the search for uranium has covered almost all countries on the globe. The result in some countries is a legacy of numerous small scale mines and mills. For economic and other reasons, including less stringent environmental standards and awareness at the time, these operations may not have been properly closed out and made safe. The remediation strategies and techniques developed by major problem holders, such as the USA or Germany, often would be out of scale for the problems in other countries. Therefore an international workshop was organized in Lisbon from 11 to 13 February 2004 as a forum for the exchange of views and experiences of countries with smaller scale uranium mining legacies.
Environmental Consequences Of The Chernobyl Accident And Their Remediation
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: IAEA
Release Date : 2006
Environmental Consequences Of The Chernobyl Accident And Their Remediation written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by IAEA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Science categories.
The explosion on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the consequent reactor fire resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactive material from a nuclear reactor and adverse consequences for the public and the environment. Although the accident occurred nearly two decades ago, controversy still surrounds the real impact of the disaster. Therefore the IAEA, in cooperation with other UN bodies, the World Bank, as well as the competent authorities of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, established the Chernobyl Forum in 2003. The mission of the Forum was to generate 'authoritative consensual statements' on the environmental consequences and health effects attributable to radiation exposure arising from the accident as well as to provide advice on environmental remediation and special health care programmes, and to suggest areas in which further research is required. This report presents the findings and recommendations of the Chernobyl Forum concerning the environmental effects of the Chernobyl accident.
Epa Publications Bibliography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Epa Publications Bibliography written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Environmental protection categories.
Epa Publications Bibliography
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Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998-10
Epa Publications Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-10 with Environmental protection categories.