Gender And Housework In A Changing Demographic Context
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Gender And Housework In A Changing Demographic Context
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Author : Ariane Ophir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Gender And Housework In A Changing Demographic Context written by Ariane Ophir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Gender inequality in housework has been the center of sociological research for decades and continues to be a topic of public interest. Despite extensive sociological attention, many questions about gendered housework over the life course and across diverse family and household forms have received limited attention in the mainstream literature. This dissertation focuses on housework and gender in three specific family-household contexts to offer insight into questions about the stability and ambiguity of gender relations: repartnering, family complexity, and shared households. Amidst increasing cohabitation rates and union instability, heterosexual women and men are likely to form and dissolve multiple marital and non-marital unions with different partners over the life course. However, sociologists know very little how past relationships affect current ones, particularly whether people change their housework arrangements upon repartnering and whether women and men experience similar patterns of change. Drawing on life course and gender theories and prospective longitudinal data, the first paper tests competing hypotheses about the effect of repartnering on individuals' levels and shares of housework. I find that women and men perform the same amount and share of housework in their second union as they did in their first union. However, there is also evidence that women's share of housework slightly declines in their second union. The results suggest that although the life course is dynamic, gender roles are stable amid union instability. The second paper focuses on family complexity. Past research highlighted the Incomplete Institution hypothesis to explain the more egalitarian division of housework in remarriages and stepfamilies. The explanation suggests that family complexity introduces ambiguity to family life, resulting in a more egalitarian division of labor. In this paper, I investigate the gender dynamics in complex families by examining men's relative housework shares across different family structures from 1985 to 2017. I find that although in the earlier period (1985-1989), men in stepfamilies had greater shares of housework than men in two-biological parent families and blended families, stepfathers' housework behavior has converged over time. In contrast, men in stepmother families have consistently shared housework more equally than other men. Additional decomposition analysis suggests that between half and 61% of the gap between men in stepmother families and men in other family structures are attributed to selection. The findings challenge the Incomplete Institution hypothesis and highlight how parental roles cement the gendered division of housework in heterosexual unions. As most housework research, the first two papers exclusively focus on families and couples. However, demographic and economic trends have changed people's living arrangements and delayed family formation. In the third paper, I offer an alternative setting for studying "doing gender" through housework - shared living households where young adults live together but do not share romantic or kinship relationships (i.e., roommates). I find that women and men "do gender" via housework in shared households and that young men are particularly resistant to cleaning, regardless of their roommates' gender. Moreover, the results show that women living with men spent more time cleaning than men living with women. In contrast, women and men, regardless of their household's gender composition, spent a similar amount of time on other "female-typed" tasks, "male-typed," and gender-neutral tasks. The findings underscore that housework carries a gendered meaning beyond the context of families and how cleaning is a core site for men's masculinity. Taken together, the dissertation demonstrate the overall stability and similarity of men's low housework participation across contexts.
Re Negotiating Gender
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Author : Lake Lui
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-03
Re Negotiating Gender written by Lake Lui and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-03 with Social Science categories.
In Chinese societies where both “money” and “gender” confer power, can a woman’s economic success relative to her husband’s bring about a more equal division of household labor? Lui’s qualitative study of “status-reversed” Hong Kong families, wherein wives earn more than their husbands, examines how couples re-negotiate household labor in ways that perpetuate male dominance within the family even when the traditional gender expectation that “men rule outside, women rule inside” (nanzhuwai, nuzhunei) is challenged. Going beyond the dyadic negotiation of household labor, this important study also explores the role of “third parties,” namely the couples’ children and parents, who actively encourage couples to conform to traditional gender norms, thereby reproducing an unequal division of household labor. Based upon the experiences of families with stay-at-home dads, Lui further identifies a new mechanism of deconstructing gender, by which couples concertedly construct new norms of "work" and "gender" that they maintain through daily interactions to fit their atypical relative earnings. As a result, there are sparks of hope that both men and women can be liberated from a set of traditional social norms. Re-negotiating Gender: Household Division of Labor When She Earns More than He Does is essential reading in the fields of family and gender studies, sociology, psychology, and East Asian studies.
The Second Shift
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Author : Arlie Hochschild
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2012-01-31
The Second Shift written by Arlie Hochschild and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-31 with Social Science categories.
An updated edition of a standard in its field that remains relevant more than thirty years after its original publication. Over thirty years ago, sociologist and University of California, Berkeley professor Arlie Hochschild set off a tidal wave of conversation and controversy with her bestselling book, The Second Shift. Hochschild's examination of life in dual-career housholds finds that, factoring in paid work, child care, and housework, working mothers put in one month of labor more than their spouses do every year. Updated for a workforce that is now half female, this edition cites a range of updated studies and statistics, with an afterword from Hochschild that addresses how far working mothers have come since the book's first publication, and how much farther we all still must go.
Dividing The Domestic
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Author : Judith Treas
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2010-02-25
Dividing The Domestic written by Judith Treas and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-25 with Social Science categories.
In Dividing the Domestic, leading international scholars roll up their sleeves to investigate how culture and country characteristics permeate our households and our private lives. The book introduces novel frameworks for understanding why the household remains a bastion of traditional gender relations—even when employed full-time, women everywhere still do most of the work around the house, and poor women spend more time on housework than affluent women. Education systems, tax codes, labor laws, public polices, and cultural beliefs about motherhood and marriage all make a difference. Any accounting of "who does what" needs to consider the complicity of trade unions, state arrangements for children's schooling, and new cultural prescriptions for a happy marriage. With its cross-national perspective, this pioneering volume speaks not only to sociologists concerned with gender and family, but also to those interested in scholarship on states, public policy, culture, and social inequality.
International Handbook On Gender And Demographic Processes
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Author : Nancy E. Riley
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-02
International Handbook On Gender And Demographic Processes written by Nancy E. Riley and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-02 with Social Science categories.
This handbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of gender in demography, addressing the many different influences of gender that arise from or influence demographic processes. It collects in one volume the key issues and perspectives in this area, whereby demography is broadly defined. The purpose in casting a wide net is to cover the range of work being done within demography, but at the same time to open up our perspectives to neighboring fields to encourage better conversations around these issues. The chapters in this handbook carefully document definition and measurement issues, and take up parts of the demographic picture and focus on how gender plays a role in outcomes. In other cases, gender often plays a cross-cutting role in social processes; rather than having a single or easily distinguishable role, it often combines with other social institutions and even other statuses and inequalities to affect outcomes. Thus, a key factor in this volume is how gender interacts with race/ethnicity, class, nationality, and sexuality in any demographic setting. While each section contains chapters that are broad overviews of the current state of knowledge and behavior, the handbook also includes chapters that focus on specific cultures or events in order to examine how gender operates in a particular circumstance.
Changing Family Dynamics And Demographic Evolution
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Author : Dimitri Mortelmans
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-27
Changing Family Dynamics And Demographic Evolution written by Dimitri Mortelmans and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-27 with Law categories.
Whether considered from an American or a European perspective, the past four decades have seen family life become increasingly complex. Changing Family Dynamics and Demographic Evolution examines the various stages of change through the image of a kaleidoscope, providing new insights into the field of family dynamics and diversity.
Women Men And Time
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Author : Beth A. Shelton
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1992-02-20
Women Men And Time written by Beth A. Shelton and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-02-20 with Social Science categories.
With the rise of the women's movement during the last fifteen years, gender differences in the use of time have received increased attention. Shelton describes changes in women's and men's use of time and analyzes the factors associated with these patterns. Based on national survey data, this study focuses on gender differences in time given to household labor, paid labor, and leisure, and assesses the impact of personal characteristics and structural determinants on time use. While popular opinion holds that the roles of men and women have converged, Shelton concludes that important differences remain in their use of time. The author begins by overviewing the available research on gender differences and time use. She then outlines her research methodology and analyzes the roles of women and men in the labor force. Shelton next examines changing trends in household labor and gender differences in leisure activities. The concluding chapter interprets her empirical findings and suggests the extent to which time use patterns can be placed within a larger context. Anyone interested in the sociology of gender will find this study enlightening.
Gender And Housework
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Author : Catherine M. Richards
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Gender And Housework written by Catherine M. Richards and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Homemakers categories.
Retirement is a later life transition that may affect a variety of areas in a person's life. One area is the division of household labor. Historically, women have been responsible for and performed the majority of household labor. Women's responsibility for household labor follows the traditional dual sphere ideology, which is that women are responsible for the home and family and men are responsible for providing income. The transition to retirement may change the division of household labor and the relationship between gender attitudes and how much men and women invest in household labor. This issue was addressed using longitudinal data from the National Survey of Families and Households. The sample consisted of 172 married men and women who were not working full time and who self-identified as retired. Structural Equation Modeling was used to assess the relationship between gender attitude and investment in routine tasks before and after the retirement transition. For this sample, gender attitude and investment in routine tasks were stable over time. Results show that the relationship between gender attitude and investment in routine tasks was not significant for men but marginally significant for women. Women who had an egalitarian attitude before retirement increased their investment in routine tasks after retirement, which was opposite of the expected relationship. Housework may be used as a source of power for these women who may increase their investment to keep a power balance in their marriage. The results suggest that the retirement transition does not greatly influence the relationship between gender attitude and household labor. Further study should assess the influence of situational factors on this relationship. Situational pressures, such as external group norms or health complications, may affect the influence of gender attitudes on housework investment. Additionally, structural differences, such as remarriage or gay and lesbian relationships, may be important contexts in which to examine this relationship. Examining situational influences and researching different contexts are important future directions in the study of the division of household labor.
Gender And Couple Relationships
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Author : Susan M. McHale
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-27
Gender And Couple Relationships written by Susan M. McHale and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-27 with Social Science categories.
This provocative volume is comprised of psychological, socioeconomic, and cultural perspectives on couple dynamics, particularly gender dynamics, and the future of marriage. Featuring data on married, cohabitating, male/female, and same-sex couples, the authors of the book's chapters analyze the changing impacts of work, parenting, and the health benefits of marriage for men and women. Trajectories in the evolution toward gender equality provide the backdrop for discussions of women and men as partners, parents, and workers in contemporary society. Contributors also keep a sharp focus on the complexities of gender issues as they intersect with crucial contexts of cohort, class, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Among the topics covered: Gender equality and economic inequality: impacts on marriage. Expansionist theory expanded: integrating sociological and psychological perspectives on gender, work, and family change. Gender, work, and family: action in the interactions. Changes in U.S. mothers' and fathers' time use: causes and consequences. A case for gay fathers. Gender, marriage, and health for same-sex and different-sex couples Gender and Couple Relationships documents social roles and social change with fascinating insight to advance research in fields of psychology, sociology, demography and economics and to the benefit of work organizations, policy makers, family and couple therapists and other mental health professionals.
Why Who Cleans Counts
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Author : Davis, Shannon
language : en
Publisher: Policy Press
Release Date : 2020-02-19
Why Who Cleans Counts written by Davis, Shannon and has been published by Policy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-19 with Social Science categories.
Every household has to perform housework, and researchers know a lot about what predicts who does which chores, drawing frequently from theoretical explanations that highlight the importance of power dynamics. This book moves beyond the existing scholarship by using quantitative, nationally representative survey data to theorize about how power dynamics as reflected in housework performance help us understand broader family variations. The authors investigate how knowing who cleans the house explains how households of differing forms, demographics and compositions operate, both cross-sectionally and over the life course of the household.