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Gender Differences In Mood And Anxiety Disorders

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Gender Differences In Mood And Anxiety Disorders

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Author : Ellen Leibenluft
language : en
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Release Date : 1999

Gender Differences In Mood And Anxiety Disorders written by Ellen Leibenluft and has been published by American Psychiatric Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.

Gender Differences in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: From Bench to Bedside compiles the latest research on gender differences in mood and anxiety disorders. It examines studies investigating whether the presentation and course of illness differ by gender, including the symptom profile, the likelihood of relapse, and the chronicity of the illness.

Gender Differences In Mood And Anxiety Disorders

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Author : Maria Juliet Stacey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

Gender Differences In Mood And Anxiety Disorders written by Maria Juliet Stacey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.

Mood And Anxiety Disorders In Women

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Author : David Castle
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-02-23

Mood And Anxiety Disorders In Women written by David Castle and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-23 with Medical categories.

Mood and anxiety disorders in women represent an increasingly important area of research and treatment development. The authors take a broad biopsychosocial and developmental approach to the issues, beginning with anxiety disorders in adolescence and progressing through the life phases of women to menopause and old age. All the disorders are covered, from anxiety and borderline personality disorder to stress and late-life depression. Particular attention is paid to questions of vulnerability; epidemiological and clinical evidence showing gender differences in such disorders; aetiological explanations in terms of biological (including hormonal) as well as psychosocial parameters, and treatment implications.

Gender And Its Effects On Psychopathology

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Author : Ellen Frank
language : en
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Release Date : 2008-11-01

Gender And Its Effects On Psychopathology written by Ellen Frank and has been published by American Psychiatric Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-01 with Medical categories.

Starting in embryonic development, gender has profound influences on us. Endocrine receptors in the brain affect cognition, mood, and behavior differently in males and females, and gender roles inevitably affect our psychosocial experiences. It should be no surprise that men and women have differences in vulnerability for developing many forms of psychopathology, in expression of symptoms and in response to treatment. Gender and Its Effect on Psychopathology examines the gender differences in psychopathology, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, the timing of their onset, their course, and their response to treatment. Dr. Ellen Frank and colleagues show how studying these differences helps clinicians in predicting patients' responses to treatment. This book reviews The types of depression to which women are prone, the hormonal basis of mood disorders in women, and the specific clinical phenomenology of reproduction-related depressions Findings on how gender difference in socialization affect the development and symptoms of psychiatric disorders Studies hormonal and pubertal changes that may explain the rise in rates for depression among females relative to males between ages 10 and 15 years Epidemiological findings on the prevalence of depression among women and discusses plausible explanations for these findings Gender differences in antisocial and borderline personality disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and substance dependence A synopsis of current research on gender differences, Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology provides practitioners with invaluable insight into understanding and treating patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders.

A Fresh Look At Anxiety Disorders

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Author : Federico Durbano
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2015-09-09

A Fresh Look At Anxiety Disorders written by Federico Durbano and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-09 with Medical categories.

This book, the ideal following of the previous New Insights into Anxiety Disorders, collects papers of a number of clinical psychiatrists all over the world, giving their contribution to the comprehension and clinical management of anxiety disorders. Following the previously edited book on anxiety, this new one will focus on some specific clinical issues such as PTSD, psychosomatics, and complementary approaches to anxiety management themes which were not discussed in the previous book.

A Handbook For The Study Of Mental Health

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Author : Teresa L. Scheid
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010

A Handbook For The Study Of Mental Health written by Teresa L. Scheid and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Medical categories.

The second edition of A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health provides a comprehensive review of the sociology of mental health. Chapters by leading scholars and researchers present an overview of historical, social and institutional frameworks. Part I examines social factors that shape psychiatric diagnosis and the measurement of mental health and illness, theories that explain the definition and treatment of mental disorders and cultural variability. Part II investigates effects of social context, considering class, gender, race and age, and the critical role played by stress, marriage, work and social support. Part III focuses on the organization, delivery and evaluation of mental health services, including the criminalization of mental illness, the challenges posed by HIV, and the importance of stigma. This is a key research reference source that will be useful to both undergraduates and graduate students studying mental health and illness from any number of disciplines.

Gender Differences In Mood And Anxiety Disorders

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Author : Ellen Leibenluft
language : en
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Release Date : 1999

Psychopathology In Women

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Author : Margarita Sáenz-Herrero
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-15

Psychopathology In Women written by Margarita Sáenz-Herrero and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-15 with Medical categories.

This book examines sex and gender differences in the causes and expression of medical conditions, including mental health disorders. Sex differences are variations attributable to individual reproductive organs and the XX or XY chromosomal complement. Gender differences are variations that result from biological sex as well as individual self-representation which include psychological, behavioural, and social consequences of an individual’s perceived gender. Gender is still a neglected field in psychopathology, and gender differences is often incorrectly used as a synonym of sex differences. A reconsideration of the definition of gender, as the term that subsumes masculinity and femininity, could shed some light on this misperception and could have an effect in the study of health and disease. This second edition of Psychopathology clarifies the anthropological, cultural and social aspects of gender and their impact on mental health disorders. It focuses on gender perspective as a paradigm not only in psychopathology but also in mental health disorders. As such it promotes open mindedness in the definition and perception of symptoms, as well as assumptions about those symptoms, and raises awareness of mental health.

Sex Differences In Anxiety And Depressive Like Behaviors In Rats

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Author : Nicole Carrier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Sex Differences In Anxiety And Depressive Like Behaviors In Rats written by Nicole Carrier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Medical sciences categories.

ABSTRACT: Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common of all psychiatric disorders; however, current human and animal research has yet to provide a clear understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying their etiology. Demographic analyses illustrate not only the enormous prevalence and incidence of these affective disorders, but also the pervasive gender discrepancy seen worldwide in patients suffering from anxiety and depression. There are largely documented sex differences in mood disorders, where females are more than twice as likely as men to be afflicted with depression and anxiety. Overall, sexually dimorphic aspects of anxiety and depression are well documented but poorly understood, warranting additional research delving into the mechanisms behind these sex differences. Considerable sex differences occur in the incidence and prevalence of anxiety disorders where women are more anxious than men, particularly in situations where social interaction is required. In preclinical studies, the social interaction test represents a valid animal model to study sex differences in social anxiety. Indeed, female rats engage less in conspecific interactions than their male counterparts, which are behaviors indicative of higher social anxiety in female rats. Given both the high prevalence of anxiety disorders in women and the fact that little is known about the mechanisms of gender differences in anxiety, our primary aim in our first study was to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex differences in social anxiety-like behavior in rats. We investigated the activation of several brain areas using the neuronal marker zif268 and discovered sexually dimorphic zif268 expression, increased in the male, specifically within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Through the use of zif268 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (zif ASO), we induced a temporary downregulation of zif268 expression in the mPFC of male and female rats and found that zif268 ASO male rats show more social anxiety-like behaviors when compared with control male rats in the social interaction test. In fact, zif268 ASO males displayed social anxiety-like behaviors, which were similar to control females. Thus, downregulation of zif268 expression in the mPFC of male rats eliminated sex differences previously found in the social anxiety-like behavior tests. Interestingly, zif268 ASO in female rats had no effect on their social interaction. In our second study, we investigated the role of extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), an upstream regulator of zif268, in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Indeed, female rats' had lower ERK2 expression compared to male rats, and overexpression of ERK2 in the mPFC increases their social interaction to the level xii seen in their male counterparts. Our novel findings have led us to ascertain that sexually dimorphic zif268 and ERK2 expression in the mPFC are key molecular factor in mediating sex-specific anxiety-like behavior in the social interaction test. Human and animal studies suggest that testosterone may have antidepressant effects. In our third study, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of testosterone within the hippocampus, an area that is fundamental in the etiology of depression. The effects of testosterone replacements in gonadectomized adult male rats were investigated using the sucrose preference and forced swim tests. We explored possible effects of testosterone on hippocampal neurogenesis and gene expression of stress-related molecules. Through the use of viral vectors, we pursued the antidepressant molecular mechanism(s) of testosterone in mediating anhedonia and manipulated ERK2 expression in the dentate gyrus in gonadectomized rats with testosterone replacements. Testosterone had antidepressant effects, likely mediated by aromatization to estrogen metabolites, in the sucrose preference and forced swim tests despite having no effects on hippocampal cell proliferation or survival. We found a testosterone-dependent regulation of hippocampal ERK2 expression. Functionally, reducing ERK2 activity within the dentate gyrus induced anhedonia in gonadectomized rats receiving testosterone supplementation, whereas the overexpression of ERK2 rescued this behavior in gonadectomized rats. These results implicate a role for ERK2 signaling within the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus as a key mediator of the antidepressant effects of testosterone. In our fourth study, we investigated the antidepressant effects and interactions between testosterone and imipramine in both male and female rats subjected to stressful conditions in order to model a depressive-like state. A chronic social isolation model was used to induce an anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in adult gonadectomized male and ovariectomized female rats receiving chronic testosterone and imipramine treatments. Their anxiety and depression-like behaviors were examined using the light-dark box, elevated plus maze, open field, sucrose preference and novelty induced hypophagia tests. In socially isolated rats, the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of testosterone and imipramine were limited to male rats. Additionally, testosterone enhanced the neurogenic effect of imipramine on hippocampal cell proliferation in male rats. Although female rats exhibited signs of anxiety and depressive-like behaviors following social isolation, testosterone and/or imipramine administration had no anxiolytic or xiii antidepressant effects in ovariectomized females. These results suggest that testosterone and imipramine had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in socially isolated male, but not female rats, and that testosterone enhances the effect of imipramine on cell proliferation in the hippocampus of male rats only. These studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying sex differences in the incidence and prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders. We concentrated on the influence of gonadal hormones and several molecular targets on anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Overall, these studies underscore the importance of gonadal hormones in mediating sexually dimorphic behavior and gene expression within areas of the brain fundamental to anxiety and depressive disorders.

Age And Gender Considerations In Psychiatric Diagnosis

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Author : William E. Narrow
language : en
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Release Date : 2008-05-20

Age And Gender Considerations In Psychiatric Diagnosis written by William E. Narrow and has been published by American Psychiatric Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-20 with Medical categories.

Written to help identify major gaps in our knowledge of how gender and age affect psychiatric diagnoses and to stimulate much-needed research to fill these gaps, Age and Gender Considerations in Psychiatric Diagnosis serves as both a valuable short-term source for the DSM-V Task Force and its disorder-specific workgroups, and a long-term guide for future studies that will contribute to revised psychiatric classifications in these three areas. Here, 47 experts present findings in three areas of psychiatric research that historically have been neglected but rightfully have received increasing attention in recent years and thus are worthy of investigation into their clinical features, etiology, and course: 1. Significant gender differences in prevalence, symptom profiles, and risk factors for mental disorders, including neurodevelopmental, neurophysiological, and environmental factors for men and women that cut across diagnostic categories-for example, the critical importance of gender in how psychiatric illness develops and presents; DSM's approach to gender to date; and relevant research findings and gaps in the epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of disorders and the gender-related expression of psychopathology, including the controversial and complex question of whether DSM should have different diagnostic criteria for men and women. 2. Mental disorders in infancy and early childhood, including diagnosis and measurement of psychopathology; PTSD and social and cognitive factors related to the experience of stress; reactive attachment disorder (unique in part because of its specificity to early childhood); mood and anxiety disorders and difficulties in diagnosis; sleep disorders, including two new disorders, Night-Waking Dysomnia and Sleep-Onset Dysomnia; feeding disorders, including the need to address overeating and overfeeding (especially given the alleged U.S. epidemic of obesity); early childhood manifestations of behavior disorders; and early symptoms and diagnosis of autism. 3. Mental disorders in the elderly, such as dementia and depression, once considered normal consequences of aging but now understood to represent mental disorders, including the need to identify specific brain structure abnormalities, biomarkers, and the many contributing biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors of mental illness in late life and to understand their roles in the elderly to better diagnose and monitor disease progression. Written for clinicians and researchers alike, this thought-provoking compendium contributes critical information that helps enhance our understanding of the causes of mental disorders, develop effective preventive and treatment interventions, and inform future editions of DSM and ICD.

Gender Differences In Mood And Anxiety Disorders

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