Gender Division Of Labor In Korea
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Gender Division Of Labor In Korea
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Author : Hyoung Cho
language : en
Publisher: Ewha Womans University Press
Release Date : 1994
Gender Division Of Labor In Korea written by Hyoung Cho and has been published by Ewha Womans University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Sexual division of labor categories.
Gender Division Of Labor In The Family And Work
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Author : Asia Foundation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Gender Division Of Labor In The Family And Work written by Asia Foundation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Sexual division of labor categories.
The Gendered Division Of Household Labor Over Parenthood Transitions
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Author : Erin Hye-Won Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Gendered Division Of Household Labor Over Parenthood Transitions written by Erin Hye-Won Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
BACKGROUNDKorea's traditional family values and low rates of fertility and female labor force participation make it an interesting case for examining the dynamics between parenthood transitions, household labor, and paid work. OBJECTIVESFocusing on comparisons between first and additional children, we examine how parenthood transitions affect wives' and husbands' respective provisions of household labor and the division of the labor within the couple, as well as how their employment status moderates these relationships.METHODSUsing the 2007, 2008, and 2010 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (N = 10,263 couple-waves), we estimate fixed-effects regressions. The dependent variables are the time each spouse spends on household labor and the husband's share of the couple's total time spent on the labor. The key independent variables are the number of children and the number interacted with each spouse's employment status.RESULTSHousehold labor was gendered prior to the first birth. The child made both spouses provide more household labor; however, the increase was significantly larger for women. Women's employment buffered the increase to a limited extent. First and additional children had comparable impacts on all outcomes. CONTRIBUTIONIn Korea's gendered context, gender inequality in household labor increased further with first children, but not with additional children. The patterns persisted regardless of women's employment status, implying that first children might increase the double burden on employed women. Policy lessons are drawn to raise fertility and female labor force participation in Korea and other East Asian countries.
Gender Inequality And The Division Of Household Labor Comparisons Among China Japan South Korea And Taiwan
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Author : Pi-chun Hsu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Gender Inequality And The Division Of Household Labor Comparisons Among China Japan South Korea And Taiwan written by Pi-chun Hsu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
This dissertation compares and explains the gender division of household labor in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. I employed two sources of survey data, the 1997 East Asia Social Survey and the 2002 Family and Changing Gender Roles III of the International Social Survey Program. In addition, I conducted in-depth interviews with married men and women from the four countries.
The Incomplete Gender Revolution And A Crisis Of Family In South Korea
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Author : Joeun Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
The Incomplete Gender Revolution And A Crisis Of Family In South Korea written by Joeun Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Most postindustrial societies have experienced a gender revolution as women advanced in the public sphere and populations adopt increasingly egalitarian attitudes toward gender in relation to the family, work, and politics. Yet men's views and behaviors have been slower to change than women's, and institutions--such as norms and practices in the family and the workplace--have resisted cultural pressure to fully embrace gender equality. My work focuses on South Korea (hereafter "Korea"), where men as well as work and family institutions have remained largely unsupportive of gender equality. Contemporary Korea is markedly different from other Western societies both in terms of family and work institutions. Despite women's advances in education and labor market (Park and Lee 2017), Confucian patriarchal ideology also continues to underpin family institutions in South Korea (Sung 2003). As such, the traditional marriage institution expects men to be family providers and women to remain subservient, focus on housework and childcare, and prioritize family over work and economic independence (Oh 2018; Raymo et al. 2015). In addition, the labor market in Korea is characterized by a strong ideal worker norm that promotes extreme long hours and dedication to work over any other responsibilities (Brinton and Oh 2019). In fact, Korean workers have averaged the longest work week and the highest prevalence of working 50 or more hours per week among high-income countries (OECD 2018). A culture of extreme long hours often keeps men from contributing to domestic responsibilities and helps maintain gender inequality in the family domain. I examine how this dynamic contributes to a "crisis of family" in Korea, which has recently experienced some of the largest declines in marriage and fertility in the world. National population projections in South Korea reveal that more than one-third of young men and a quarter of young women born in 1985 and after will never marry. My dissertation examines negative marital intentions and gender inequality within marriage through three distinct research papers. One of the most prominent theories of contemporary family trends, the gender revolution framework, predicts a return to "more family" in very low fertility societies as gender-egalitarian attitudes gains increasingly dominant normative status. In the first chapter, I provide a new theoretical explanation that links growing egalitarian ideals to a decline in family formation using the case of South Korea, which recently experienced a revolution in gender attitudes. This study first documents a new "gender war" that has played out online and offline in the last five years. The small, silent gender war that was ongoing online first received a significant public attention in 2015 with feminists' outcries over a small group of right-wing men's online grievances and slurs against young Korean women. The war intensified in May 2016 with a misogynistic murder of a young woman in public, which reinforced the burgeoning feminist movement and anti-patriarchal sentiments. Using archival and internet data, this study suggests that the murder increased public attention to misogyny and feminism, topics that have been largely ignored previously. This study then examines the associations between the timing of the murder and trends in egalitarian gender attitudes and age-specific marriage rates, separately. My findings show that trends in egalitarian attitudes, which were declining since 2009, significantly increased after 2016, particularly among young adults. In addition, age-specific marriage rates significantly declined after the quarterly-year of May 2016. These results suggest that young adults, whose awareness of entrenched misogyny and ideological support for gender equality recently grew, began to increasingly reject marriage. These findings suggest that young people's desires for gender equality may have clashed with persistently gendered expectations and practices within marriage. This chapter indicates that the relationship between progress towards egalitarian gender ideals and family formation may be negative in contexts where the traditional marriage institution remains resistant to change while young adults' ideals do not. My second and third chapters focus on labor market factors as important sources of the persistent gender inequality in the family and, first examining competing explanations for declining marital intentions in Korea and then investigating employment status and the division of domestic labor within marriage. The share of young adults intending to never marry is growing in East Asia, but there are competing explanations for this decision. My second dissertation chapter explores two possible explanations: demanding work conditions (constraints) and the desire to develop one's career (preference). Using data collected between 2015 to 2017 from a large, nationally representative sample of recent college graduates in South Korea (N = 50,331), the study examines the association between work demands and work-related attitudes and marriage intentions among women and men. Consistent with the demanding work hypothesis, results from logistic regressions showed that working 50 or more hours per week, commuting 2 or more hours per day, and working in professional occupations increased the likelihood of expressing negative marital intentions for both women and men. Access to family leave policies decreased the likelihood of intending to avoid marriage for women only. Contrary to the preference for work hypothesis, results showed that individuals who value personal growth and self-interest as the important quality in a job were less likely to have negative marital intentions. The positive associations between work demands and negative marital intentions were largely unaffected by work-related attitudes. Overall, the findings support the demanding work hypothesis in explaining negative marital intentions among young people in Korea and provide important implications for family-friendly workplace policies and arrangements. In the third chapter, I focus on the association between employment status and the division of domestic labor within marriage. A voluminous literature has shown that women's lower economic resources, relative to their spouses', decreases their bargaining power and increases their share of domestic labor within marriage. I examine the associations between women's contingent work, a type of devalued employment, and allocation of domestic labor in Korea, where there is a sharp divide in employment quality between permanent and contingent work. Using longitudinal data from 5,000 married women in Korea and fixed-effect analysis, this study reveals that women in contingent positions shoulder a greater share of domestic labor compared to women in permanent positions even after accounting for tangible rewards including wages and access to fringe benefits. I also find that the negative associations between women's income share and their housework share was weaker for women in contingent positions than for those in permanent positions. These results suggest that contingent employment may have deeper negative consequences on women's bargaining power in marriage. Ever greater numbers of young women are employed in insecure positions in Korea, which will have implications for gender inequality in the family domain in the future. In sum, my dissertation makes both theoretical and empirical contribution to our understanding of the linkages between gender inequality, employment conditions, and marriage decline. My findings have important implications for a range of public and private initiatives that could support gender equality and union formation in Korea. First, creating flexible and family-friendly workplace will help young adults form partnerships where they can combine work and family. Second, my findings also underscore the need for changes to the normative and institutional factors that continue to enforce traditional gender relations and behaviors among young adults to promote family formation in Korea.
The Division Of Domestic Labor Over Retirement Among Older Couples In Korea
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Author : Erin Hye-Won Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Division Of Domestic Labor Over Retirement Among Older Couples In Korea written by Erin Hye-Won Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Objectives. Despite the rapid aging of populations and an increase in labor force participation among older women, little is known about how older adults divide domestic labor within the couple and how the labor division changes over retirement in developed Asian countries, where expectations of traditional gender roles and family-dependent care systems still prevail.Methods. Using data from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, we first describe housework and care provided by Korean couples aged 50-64 and those aged 65 or over. Next, using couple-fixed effects regressions, we examine how the provision changes with the husband's and the wife's respective retirements and other common covariates. Results. Older Koreans spent more time on housework than care. For both housework and care, the gender gap was large. Among couples aged 50-64, the retiree's housework increased and the spouse's decreased regardless of the sex of the retiree, but the size of these effects was small. Among couples aged 65 or over, the spouse's housework declined with the wife's retirement only. Retirement was hardly associated with care labor. Intergenerational coresidence was an important factor associated with domestic labor arrangements in later life. Discussion. With the continuity in the gendered division of domestic labor in later life, older women in Korea, and other gendered Asian countries, may suffer from work-family conflict as their labor force participation increases.
Income Inequality Between The Sexes And The Role Of The State
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Author : Jeong-Lim Nam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Income Inequality Between The Sexes And The Role Of The State written by Jeong-Lim Nam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
Women In The Sky
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Author : Hwasook Nam
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2021-08-15
Women In The Sky written by Hwasook Nam and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-15 with History categories.
Women in the Sky examines Korean women factory workers' century-long activism, from the 1920s to the present, with a focus on gender politics both in the labor movement and in the larger society. It highlights several key moments in colonial and postcolonial Korean history when factory women commanded the attention of the wider public, including the early-1930s rubber shoe workers' general strike in Pyongyang, the early-1950s textile workers' struggle in South Korea, the 1970s democratic union movement led by female factory workers, and women workers' activism against neoliberal restructuring in recent decades. Hwasook Nam asks why women workers in South Korea have been relegated to the periphery in activist and mainstream narratives despite a century of persistent militant struggle and indisputable contributions to the labor movement and successful democracy movement. Women in the Sky opens and closes with stories of high-altitude sit-ins—a phenomenon unique to South Korea—beginning with the rubber shoe worker Kang Churyong's sit-in in 1931 and ending with numerous others in today's South Korean labor movement, including that of Kim Jin-Sook. In Women in the Sky, Nam seeks to understand and rectify the vast gap between the crucial roles women industrial workers played in the process of Korea's modernization and their relative invisibility as key players in social and historical narratives. By using gender and class as analytical categories, Nam presents a comprehensive study and rethinking of the twentieth-century nation-building history of Korea through the lens of female industrial worker activism.
Why Gender Disparities Persist In South Korea S Labor Market
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Author : Karen E. Dynan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Why Gender Disparities Persist In South Korea S Labor Market written by Karen E. Dynan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Social Science Research On The Life Course In Korea
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Author : Yanjie Bian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Social Science Research On The Life Course In Korea written by Yanjie Bian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Korea categories.
