Gender Gaps In Math Performance Perceived Mathematical Ability And College Stem Education
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Gender Gaps In Math Performance Perceived Mathematical Ability And College Stem Education
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Author : Lina Anaya
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Gender Gaps In Math Performance Perceived Mathematical Ability And College Stem Education written by Lina Anaya and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Employment opportunities in occupations related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, the so-called STEM fields, are predicted to continue growing through time. In addition, STEM occupations also enjoy higher wages on average. Despite these advantages, women remain under-represented in STEM college degree completion and occupations. Encouraging women into the STEM fields has become an important policy concern. We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to study gender differences in math achievement and self-perceived math ability and how they may differ by parental occupation type, specifically science related versus non-science related parental occupations. We then study their role on subsequent decision of majoring in a science field in college. Our results corroborate significant gender differences in math test scores and perceived math ability during childhood. Having a parent working in a science related field is associated with a better performance in math but not necessarily higher levels of perceived math ability, given math performance. All three factors, math achievement, perceived math ability, and parental occupation in a science field, are found to be significant predictors of the probability of majoring in science in college. However, estimated effects of higher levels of math achievement are about double for boys than for girls. Estimates of perceived math ability are also slightly larger for boys. In contrast, most of the observed positive effects of having a parent in a science related occupation seem to be concentrated among females. These results suggest a loss in STEM enrollment by otherwise qualified young women and the potential importance that parental role modeling effects or specific human capital parental investments by parents in science occupations could have for encouraging women to major in science fields.
The Oxford Handbook Of Women And The Economy
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Author : Susan L. Averett
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-05-15
The Oxford Handbook Of Women And The Economy written by Susan L. Averett and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
The Mathematics Of Sex
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Author : Stephen J. Ceci
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010
The Mathematics Of Sex written by Stephen J. Ceci and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Mathematics categories.
Compressing an enormous amount of information--over 400 studies--into a readable, engaging account suitable for parents, educators, and policymakers, this book advances the debate about women in science unlike any other book before it. Bringing together important research from such diverse fields as endocrinology, economics, sociology, education, genetics, and psychology, the authors show that two factors--the parenting choices women (but not men) have to make, and the tendency of women to choose people-oriented fields like medicine--largely account for the under-representation of women in the hard sciences.
Women In Science
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Author : Yu Xie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Women In Science written by Yu Xie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
Why do so few women choose a career in science--even as they move into medicine and law in ever-greater numbers? In one of the most comprehensive studies of gender differences in science careers ever conducted, Women in Science provides a systematic account of how U.S. youth are selected into and out of science education in early life, and how social forces affect career outcomes later in the science labor market. Studying the science career trajectory in its entirety, the authors attend to the causal influences of prior experiences on career outcomes as well as the interactions of multiple life domains such as career and family. While attesting to the progress of women in science, the book also reveals continuing gender differences in mathematics and science education and in the progress and outcomes of scientists' careers. The authors explore the extent and causes of gender differences in undergraduate and graduate science education, in scientists' geographic mobility, in research productivity, in promotion rates and earnings, and in the experience of immigrant scientists. They conclude that the gender gap in parenting responsibilities is a critical barrier to the further advancement of women in science.
Gender Differences In Mathematics
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Author : Ann M. Gallagher
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-12-27
Gender Differences In Mathematics written by Ann M. Gallagher and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-27 with Psychology categories.
Females consistently score lower than males on standardized tests of mathematics - yet no such differences exist in the classroom. These differences are not trivial, nor are they insignificant. Test scores help determine entrance to college and graduate school and therefore, by extension, a person's job and future success. If females receive lower test scores then they also receive fewer opportunities. Why does this discrepancy exist? This book presents a series of papers that address these issues by integrating the latest research findings and theories. Authors such as Diane Halpern, Jacquelynne Eccles, Beth Casey, Ronald Nuttal, James Byrnes, and Frank Pajares tackle these questions from a variety of perspectives. Many different branches of psychology are represented, including cognitive, social, personality/self-oriented, and psychobiological. The editors then present an integrative chapter that discusses the ideas presented and other areas that the field should explore.
Understanding Gender Gaps In Student Achievement And Stem Majors
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Author : Lina Anaya Beltran
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Understanding Gender Gaps In Student Achievement And Stem Majors written by Lina Anaya Beltran and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Increasing women's participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) has become a policy goal for many countries. This dissertation focuses on the origin and measurement of gender gaps in student achievement and self-perceived ability, as well as their potential role in predicting college career choices in STEM. The first two chapters provide an international overview of gender achievement gaps and focus on issues around measurement using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). These chapters study the role of student effort in predicting gender gaps in achievement and whether or not test structure, defined as question difficulty order, could be a potential moderator of the relationship between student effort and measured gender achievement gaps. The effort measures of chapters 1 and 2 are based on students' response time to test questions (i.e., rates-guessing rates in the test) and on the proportion of unanswered items (i.e., item non-response rates) from the post-test survey that students take during the PISA assessment. The findings emphasize the importance of accounting for differences in student effort to understand cross-country heterogeneity in performance and gender achievement gaps across and within nations. Although question difficulty order plays some role in shaping student effort, overall, the findings do not provide evidence that test structure could be a mechanism that explains the relationship between student effort and gender achievement gaps. Finally, the third chapter takes a further step in the analysis of gender achievement gaps by assessing how the interaction of gender gaps in math achievement, self-perceived math ability during childhood, and the parental occupation in STEM professions, could help explain the gender gaps in college majoring-decisions in STEM careers. Using longitudinal data from the U.S., the findings of this chapter suggest that all three factors are relevant predictors of majoring in science in college. However, the results indicate a loss in STEM enrollment by otherwise qualified young women. Concerning parental occupation, most of the positive effects of having a parent working in any STEM job seem to concentrate among females, which highlights the potential role that parental occupation could play in encouraging women's college majoring-decisions in certain STEM fields. Altogether, these chapters advance the current state of knowledge in three ways. First, by evaluating the challenges in measuring observed gender achievement gaps, derived from gender differences in student effort. Second, by assessing whether or not question difficulty order has differential effects by gender. Third, by studying the potential drivers behind gender gaps in STEM college majors, including the role that parental occupation in some STEM fields, could play in motivating women's participation in certain STEM careers.
Gendered Paths Into Stem Disparities Between Females And Males In Stem Over The Life Span
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Author : Bernhard Ertl
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-31
Gendered Paths Into Stem Disparities Between Females And Males In Stem Over The Life Span written by Bernhard Ertl and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-31 with categories.
Cracking The Code
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Author : UNESCO
language : en
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
Release Date : 2017-09-04
Cracking The Code written by UNESCO and has been published by UNESCO Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-04 with categories.
This report aims to 'crack the code' by deciphering the factors that hinder and facilitate girls' and women's participation, achievement and continuation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and, in particular, what the education sector can do to promote girls' and women's interest in and engagement with STEM education and ultimately STEM careers.
Mathematics And Gender
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Author : Elizabeth Fennema
language : en
Publisher: Teachers College Press
Release Date : 1990
Mathematics And Gender written by Elizabeth Fennema and has been published by Teachers College Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Education categories.
This edited collection describes how the Autonomous Learning Behaviours (ALB) model, formulated by Fennema and Peterson, specifically relates to gender differences in mathematics education, learning and performance. The book provides a background to the debate on gender differences; considers the interactions between internal beliefs and external influences, as well as their effects on learning math; and provides a summary of the latest research relevant to the ALB model. Gender differences in learning mathematics is examined from a variety of perspectives, strengthened by longitudinal studies and a cross-cultural American and Australian perspective..
Mathematics Gender
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Author : Elizabeth Fennema
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Mathematics Gender written by Elizabeth Fennema and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Mathematics categories.
Australian edition of a collection, first published in the US in 1990, of nine essays and reports examining gender issues in mathematics and looking at gender equality in mathematics and mathematics education. The editors teach mathematics at the University of Wisconsin and education at Monash University respectively. Indexed.
