Generation And Interpretation Of Morphogen Gradients
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Generation And Interpretation Of Morphogen Gradients
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Author : James Briscoe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Generation And Interpretation Of Morphogen Gradients written by James Briscoe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Medical categories.
Signalling by morphogens such as the Hedgehog family, Notch, Wingless/Wnt and various growth factors is essential during embryogenesis. The establishment of concentration gradients of these morphogens plays a key role during developmental patterning in all multicellular organisms, assuring that distinct cell/tissue types and organs appear at the right place in the right time during embryogenesis. Regulation of morphogen synthesis, trafficking and diffusion are all known to play a part in setting up these gradients, and a complex web of signaling mechanisms ensures that specific responses occur at the correct threshold concentration in the recipient cells whose fate depends on these morphogens.
Precision And Robustness In The Interpretation Of Morphogen Gradients
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Author : Peng Cheng Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Precision And Robustness In The Interpretation Of Morphogen Gradients written by Peng Cheng Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Developmental pattern formation is orchestrated by diffusible signaling molecules, termed morphogens, that form gradients from which cells can determine positionally appropriate fates. Stochasticity in morphogen binding, signal transduction, and gene expression create local cell-to-cell variability in the readout of morphogen gradients. However, little is known about the actual levels of noise in morphogen gradient responses, or the mechanisms that might control it. To investigate this, I quantified the transcriptional activity noise, protein expression noise, and protein half-life of optomotor blind (omb), one of the downstream targets of the morphogen Dpp in the Drosophila larval wing imaginal disc. Using combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with intronic probes, immunofluorescence, image segmentation and image analysis, I observed a very high level of transcriptional variability characterized by coefficients of variation (CV) as high as ~110%, in the cells in which omb plays a central role in specifying the location of wing vein primordium L5. However, the half-life of the Omb protein was found to be very long, ~ 6 hours, which would be expected to provide significant temporal filtering of the transcriptional noise. I showed that the reduction in noise from transcript to protein is sufficient to account for the precision of the positional information that patterns vein L5. I also investigated why the positioning of vein L5 is remarkably robust to genetic manipulation that change the shape of the Dpp morphogen gradient. I observed that patters of Dpp signaling and Omb expression are not constant during larval development, but change continuously, and not always in concert with each other. By taking into account the long half-life of Omb it was possible to build a model that explains both these movements and the remarkable robustness of L5 patterning to changes in Dpp gradient shape.
Morphogenetic Gradients And Development
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Author : James Briscoe
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-03
Morphogenetic Gradients And Development written by James Briscoe and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03 with categories.
Gradients and Tissue Patterning, Volume 137 in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.
Morphogen Gradients
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Author : Julien Dubrulle
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2019-12-10
Morphogen Gradients written by Julien Dubrulle and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-10 with Science categories.
This detailed book presents methods focusing on the visualization of morphogen gradients, the analysis of their biophysical and biological properties, and the theoretical aspects underlying their functions. The study of morphogen gradients combines biophysics, cell and developmental biology, and applied mathematics approaches to understand their formation, their biological functions, and the prediction of their behavior in space and time, and this volume serves as a practical, hands-on guide to the field. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and helpful, Morphogen Gradients: Methods and Protocols is an ideal collection for researchers in this vital area of study.
Growth And Pattern Controls By Morphogen Gradients
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Author : Wing Cheong Lo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Growth And Pattern Controls By Morphogen Gradients written by Wing Cheong Lo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Pattern and growth are under regulation during embryo development. First, we use multi-stage cell lineages model, which include stem cell and multiple progenitor cell stages, to study how feedback regulation from different growth controls homeostasis of tissue growth and generation of a robust spatial stratification. ODE and PDE models have been presented for the multi-stage cell lineages. Our analysis shows how negative feedbacks enhance the stability of steady states and inter-regulation among different growth factors are responsible for developing spatial stratification. We also showed that the feedback on cell cycle from the growth factor is important for forming temporary "stem cell niche" during the development of the tissue. Second, we use the system of morphogen-mediated patterning for studying how pattern formation is robust to the environmental noises and perturbations. Morphogens are important signaling molecules governing the pattern formation of multicellular organisms during embryo development. Studies have showed that morphogen-mediated patterning is robust to the environmental noises and perturbations. We build up mathematical methods to quantify the effect of the fluctuations in morphogen production and the stochasticity of binding events. Analytic and computational analyses suggest that achieving robust and precise morphogen gradients must perform with different tradeoffs and presence of non-receptor with downregulation of receptor synthesis is able to overcome specific kinds of tradeoff. Third, we propose an efficient steady state solver for searching patterns generated by reaction-diffusion systems within large parameter searching spaces. Rapid and robust way for searching patterns can improve the efficiency of computational studies for some biological systems. Temporal schemes usually are slow due to constraints on the time steps. Newton's method converges to the steady state rapidly but it does not guarantee that it converges to inhomogeneous steady state patterns. We develop a numerical method called adaptive implicit Euler method with inexact solver (AIIE) that combines the advantages of temporal scheme and Newton's method. By comparing with different methods, our method is showed to be a robust and efficient tool for searching inhomogeneous steady state patterns.
Interpretation Of An Activin Morphogen Gradient
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Author : S. Dyson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Interpretation Of An Activin Morphogen Gradient written by S. Dyson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Formation Of Morphogen Gradients
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Author : Tobias Bollenbach
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Formation Of Morphogen Gradients written by Tobias Bollenbach and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Essential Developmental Biology
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Author : Jonathan M. W. Slack
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-09-26
Essential Developmental Biology written by Jonathan M. W. Slack and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-26 with Science categories.
Essential Developmental Biology is a comprehensive, richly illustrated introduction to all aspects of developmental biology. Written in a clear and accessible style, the third edition of this popular textbook has been expanded and updated In addition, an accompanying website provides instructional materials for both student and lecturer use, including animated developmental processes, a photo gallery of selected model organisms, and all artwork in downloadable format. With an emphasis throughout on the evidence underpinning the main conclusions, this book is an essential text for both introductory and more advanced courses in developmental biology. Shortlisted for the Society of Biology Book Awards 2013 in the Undergraduate Textbook category. Reviews of the Second Edition: "The second edition is a must have for anyone interested in development biology. New findings in hot fields such as stem cells, regeneration, and aging should make it attractive to a wide readership. Overall, the book is concise, well structured, and illustrated. I can highly recommend it." —Peter Gruss, Max Planck Society "I have always found Jonathan Slack's writing thoughtful, provocative, and engaging, and simply fun to read. This effort is no exception. Every student of developmental biology should experience his holistic yet analytical view of the subject." —Margaret Saha, College of William & Mary
Patterning And Cell Type Specification In The Developing Cns And Pns
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Patterning And Cell Type Specification In The Developing Cns And Pns written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Science categories.
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Development And Reproduction In Humans And Animal Model Species
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Author : Werner A. Mueller
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-01-03
Development And Reproduction In Humans And Animal Model Species written by Werner A. Mueller and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-03 with Science categories.
This book describes human development including sexual reproduction and stem cell research with the development of model organisms that are accessible to genetic and experimental analysis in readily understandable texts and 315 multi-colored graphics. The introductory account of model organisms selected from the entire animal kingdom presents general principles, which are then outlined in subsequent chapters devoted to, for example, sexual development; genes controlling development and their contemporary molecular-analysis methods; production of clones and transgenic animals; development of the nervous and circulatory systems; regenerative medicine and ageing. Finally the evolution of developmental toolkits and novelties is discussed including the genetic basis of the enlargement of the human forebrain. Separate boxes are devoted to controversial questions such as the benefits and problems of prenatal diagnostics or the construction of ancient body plans.
