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Geomechanical And Tectonic Investigations Into The Geologic History Of Mars At Local Regional And Global Scales

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Geomechanical And Tectonic Investigations Into The Geologic History Of Mars At Local Regional And Global Scales

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Author : Amanda L. Nahm
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Geomechanical And Tectonic Investigations Into The Geologic History Of Mars At Local Regional And Global Scales written by Amanda L. Nahm and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

The primary goal of this dissertation is to understand the geologic history of Mars through the use of geomechanical techniques to investigate tectonic deformation of the lithosphere at local, regional, and global scales. Techniques that have their origins in terrestrial geology are applied to Mars to analyze tectonic deformation of the lithosphere at these scales. At the local, or outcrop scale, I determine the physical properties of a sedimentary rock unit at Meridiani Planum by utilizing data collected in situ by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. The geological engineering technique of rock mass rating (RMR) was used to characterize the strength and deformability of a jointed outcrop of the upper unit of the Burns Formation. Results of this study show that the upper unit of the Burns formation has similar physical properties to terrestrial sedimentary rock masses such as siltstone, mudstone, and shale and that at the time of deposition, the modulus of deformation, cohesive strength, and tensile strength for the Burns Formation were ~50% lower than for present-day dry conditions. The hypothesis that the Thaumasia Highlands, located in southern Tharsis, formed as an orogenic belt is tested using critical taper wedge mechanics (CTWM). Key physical parameters such as the coefficients of friction for the wedge material and décollement and the pore fluid pressure ratio were varied between reasonable values for these parameters suggested by terrestrial and Venusian values. The topographic slope of the Thaumasia Highlands was measured from a digital elevation model derived from MOLA topographic data and, together with the physical parameters listed above, were used in a series of equations that describe the physical properties and geometry of a hypothetical critical-taper wedge. The results of this study suggest that regional slopes in the Thaumasia region are too small for the topography to achieve a critical wedge taper for reasonable values of décollement dip angle, pore fluid pressure ratios, and rock properties, which suggests that the Thaumasia Highlands likely did not form as an orogenic wedge but instead through a mechanism such as lithospheric flexure. I test the hypothesis that a period of enhanced contractional deformation occurred on Mars during the Late Noachian - Early Hesperian (3.8-3.6 Ga). The magnitude of fault-related strain and corresponding planetary radius decrease was calculated for contractional structures that formed during this time period. Additionally, I calculate the fault-related strain and planetary radius decrease for all of Mars' observable geologic record (3.95-present; Middle Noachian - Late Amazonian). Comparison of these values to those predicted by thermal evolution models for Mars shows that thermal evolution models significantly overpredict the amount of strain and associated planetary radius decrease for both time periods. Results of this study also support the hypothesis that a "pulse" of enhanced contractional deformation occurred during the Late Noachian - Early Hesperian.

Preservation Of Random Megascale Events On Mars And Earth

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Author : Mary G. Chapman
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2009

Preservation Of Random Megascale Events On Mars And Earth written by Mary G. Chapman and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Science categories.

Analysis Of Martian Parental Melts And Thermal Infrared Studies Of Putative Paleolake Basins On Mars

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Analysis Of Martian Parental Melts And Thermal Infrared Studies Of Putative Paleolake Basins On Mars written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

Both Martian meteorites and remote sensing data allow us to study the geologic history of Mars. Martian meteorites can reveal information regarding partial melting of the Mars mantle and the surface processes that affected the meteorite following eruption (weathering, impact ejection, etc.). Remote sensing data can be used to investigate the local-, regional- or global-scale surface of Mars in terms of composition and geomorphology. A well-rounded approach is necessary to address fundamental questions regarding the geologic history of Mars. We studied melt inclusions in augite of the martian meteorite Nakhla to better understand the magma that produced this rock. This study used laboratory methods developed at the Virginia Tech Fluids Research Lab, electron microprobe analyses, and MELTS crystallization modeling. The result of this study was a new estimate of the Nakhla parent magma composition, which is basaltic in composition. Crystallization modeling of this composition provided the closest match to mineral abundances and composition observed within the nakhlites, suggesting an improved estimate. In addition, we studied thermal infrared data of Martian craters that some workers suggest display geomorphic evidence that they once contained lakes. If in fact these craters did hold water, they may still contain evaporite minerals deposited in this environment and detectable within the thermal infrared. We used data acquired by TES (Thermal Emission Spectrometer aboard the Mars Global Surveyor) and THEMIS (Thermal Emission Imaging System aboard Mars Odyssey). Because of its higher spatial resolution, THEMIS is best viewed as a spectral unit mapper, whereas TES is better at mineral identification because of its higher spectral resolution. Both studies employed a linear deconvolution routine developed at Arizona State University, spectral ratios and newly-developed carbonate indices to search for local-scale deposits of evaporites within craters. In these studies, we did not find mineralogic evidence supporting a paleolake origin for the surficial deposits within any crater.

The Ancient Rocky Surfaces Of Mars

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Author : Christopher Edwards
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

The Ancient Rocky Surfaces Of Mars written by Christopher Edwards and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Mars (Planet) categories.

Early spacecraft missions to Mars, including the Marnier and Viking orbiters and landers revealed a morphologically and compositionally diverse landscape that reshaped widely held views of Mars. More recent spacecraft including Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Mars Exploration Rovers have further refined, enhanced, and diversified our understanding of Mars. In this dissertation, I take a multiple-path approach to planetary and Mars science including data analysis and instrument development. First, I present several tools necessary to effectively use new, complex datasets by highlighting unique and innovative data processing techniques that allow for the regional to global scale comparison of multiple datasets. Second, I present three studies that characterize several processes on early Mars, where I identify a regional, compositionally distinct, in situ, stratigraphically significant layer in Ganges and Eos Chasmata that formed early in martian history. This layer represents a unique period in martian history where primitive mantle materials were emplaced over large sections of the martian surface. While I originally characterized this layer as an effusive lava flow, based on the newly identified regional or global extent of this layer, I find the only likely scenario for its emplacement is the ejecta deposit of the Borealis Basin forming impact event. I also re-examine high thermal inertia, flat-floored craters identified in Viking data and conclude they are typically more mafic than the surrounding plains and were likely infilled by primitive volcanic materials during, or shortly after the Late Heavy Bombardment. Furthermore, the only plausible source for these magmas is directly related to the impact process, where mantle decompression melting occurs as result of the removal of overlying material by the impactor. Finally, I developed a new laboratory microscopic emission and reflectance spectrometer designed to help improve the interpretation of current remote sensing or in situ data from planetary bodies. I present the design, implementation, calibration, system performance, and preliminary results of this instrument. This instrument is a strong candidate for the next generation in situ rover instruments designed to definitively assess sample mineralogy and petrology while preserving geologic context.

Revealing The Hydrological History Of Mars

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Author : Chaojun Fan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Revealing The Hydrological History Of Mars written by Chaojun Fan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Geology categories.

Abstracts For The Planetary Geology Field Conference On Aeolian Processes

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Author : Ronald Greeley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Abstracts For The Planetary Geology Field Conference On Aeolian Processes written by Ronald Greeley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Eolian processes categories.

Papers fall into three broad categories: Viking Orbiter and Viking Lander results on aeolian processes and/or landforms on Mars, laboratory results on studies of aeolian processes, and photogeology and field studies of aeolian processes on Earth.

Presents the distinctive processes and characteristics of glaciovolcanic eruptions, with reference to terrestrial and Mars occurrences.

Geomechanical And Tectonic Investigations Into The Geologic History Of Mars At Local Regional And Global Scales

Geomechanical And Tectonic Investigations Into The Geologic History Of Mars At Local Regional And Global Scales

Preservation Of Random Megascale Events On Mars And Earth

Analysis Of Martian Parental Melts And Thermal Infrared Studies Of Putative Paleolake Basins On Mars

The Ancient Rocky Surfaces Of Mars

Revealing The Hydrological History Of Mars

Abstracts For The Planetary Geology Field Conference On Aeolian Processes

New Publications Of The Geological Survey

Geophysics Tectonics Abstracts

Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports

Glaciovolcanism On Earth And Mars

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