Glucose Homeostasis And Insulin Resistance
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Glucose Homeostasis And Insulin Resistance
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Author : Leszek Szablewski
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2011-04-14
Glucose Homeostasis And Insulin Resistance written by Leszek Szablewski and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-14 with Medical categories.
"Glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance presents a broad overview of the molecular, biochemical and clinical aspects of glucose metabolism and glucose resistance. The book serves to acquaint the reader with recent information on topics ranging from the"
Glucose Homeostasis
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Author : Leszek Szablewski
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2014-06-18
Glucose Homeostasis written by Leszek Szablewski and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-18 with Medical categories.
Most tissues and organs, such as the brain, need glucose constantly, as an important source of energy. The low blood concentrations of glucose (hypoglycemia) can cause seizures, loss of consciousness, and death. On the other hand, long lasting elevation of blood glucose concentrations (hyperglycemia) can result in blindness, renal failure, cardiac and peripheral vascular disease, and neuropathy. Therefore, blood glucose concentrations need to be maintained within narrow limits. The process of maintaining blood glucose at a steady-state level is called glucose homeostasis. This is accomplished by the finely hormone regulation of peripheral glucose uptake (glucose utilization), hepatic glucose production and glucose uptake during carbohydrates ingestion.
Glucose Homeostatis And The Pathogenesis Of Diabetes Mellitus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-12-24
Glucose Homeostatis And The Pathogenesis Of Diabetes Mellitus written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-24 with Science categories.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease with tremendous health and economic burden. A better understanding of how normal glucose homeostasis is maintained and the pathogenesis is important to identify new ways for diabetes treatment. This book addresses multiple aspects of this area of research. Written by experts in the field Informs on important topics related to the regulation of glucose homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, a field of intense research interest
Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes
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Author : Colleen Croniger
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2015-04-01
Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes written by Colleen Croniger and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-01 with Medical categories.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide problems. In this book we reviewed factors that contribute to glucose homeostasis and the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes. In addition the book addresses current strategies for treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
The Etiology And Pathophysiology Of Insulin Resistance And Mediating Factors From The Gut
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Author : Bret Rust
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Etiology And Pathophysiology Of Insulin Resistance And Mediating Factors From The Gut written by Bret Rust and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Background: Glucose homeostasis is affected by substrate availability and gut hormones, postprandial inflammation and enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids all of which can be modulated by gut microbiota. The variability of gut microbiota ecology between individuals can thus affect glucose homeostasis outcomes and potentially the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. About 30% of Americans’ gut microbiota contains methanogenic microorganisms from the kingdom archaea, methoanobrevibacter smithii. Little is known about the effect of this microbial profile on the production of fermentation metabolites like short chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA interact with G protein-coupled receptors/free fatty acid receptors, FFAR2 and FFAR3, which are abundant in enterocytes and leukocytes and to a lesser extent in adipocytes. FFAR2 and 3 are co-localized in the L-cells of the distal ileum which produce glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The SCFA butyrate suppresses transcription of inflammatory genes. Propionate has been found to modulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] and leptin expression in adipose tissue by activating FFAR2. Bile acids act as energy intake signals by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and are acted on by the microbiota of the small gut. Bile acids regulate glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion by activating genes through the farnesoid nuclear receptor and the g protein-coupled bile acid receptor. Purpose: We sought to assess possible differences between MP and NM in these key mediators of glucose homeostasis. Methods: Twenty-two participants underwent a three-way crossover study involving consumption of three levels of a fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) against a low fiber background diet. For three weeks participants consumed either zero, 15 or 30 grams/d of FOS. The second meal effect paradigm was employed with half the daily dose of FOS given at breakfast followed by a standard lunch. Stool samples were collected for five days at the end of the third week of each intervention. Taxonomy of the feces were determines by 16S RNA sequencing. SCFA concentrations were measured from the fecal homogenates. Breath gas was measured nine times over the course of the test meal challenge. Twelve blood samples were collected over nine hours from which glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1 and SCFA were measured. Nine inflammatory biomarkers were measured at fasting, 195 and 435 following the fasted sample. Bile acids were measured at 0, 30, 75, 135 and 195 min from breakfast. Results: Six individuals produced significant amounts of breath methane in all three trials which correlated well with the phylogeny of those individuals’ fecal microbial community. These individuals were compared to non-methane producers in all three trials. No treatment effect was found with regard to insulin responses, the inflammatory markers, gut hormones or bile acids. Differences between MP and NM were found in postprandial glucose responses in the first four hours after breakfast but not in the afternoon postprandial glucose response or in the all-day response. Fecal concentrations of SCFA were inversely related to breath methane. GLP-1 AUC was higher in MP than NM in all but one segment of the test day. Negative associations predominated between plasma SCFA and inflammatory responses. Bile acid conjugates showed more responsiveness in postprandial states than unconjugated bile acids. Bile acid time to maximum from baseline was significantly longer in MP than in NM. Conclusion: There are intriguing differences between methane producers to non-producers with regard to glucose homeostasis, but those differences do not appear to be mediated gut hormones. Bile acid response in methane producers does not seem sufficient to regulate glucose homeostasis in the postprandial state but a direct effect on insulin is possible.
Glucose Homeostasis And Insulin Resistance In Veal Calves
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Glucose Homeostasis And Insulin Resistance In Veal Calves written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Insulin Glucose Homeostasis And Diabetes Mellitus
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Author : U Satyanarayana
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2014-11-07
Insulin Glucose Homeostasis And Diabetes Mellitus written by U Satyanarayana and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-07 with Medical categories.
Insulin, glucose homeostasis, and diabetes mellitus Insulin, glucose homeostasis, and diabetes mellitus
Contributions Of Insulin Resistance And Release To The Pathogenesis Of Type 2 Diabetes In The Mkr Mouse Microform
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Author : Zeenat A. (Zeenat Afshan) Asghar
language : en
Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Release Date : 2004
Contributions Of Insulin Resistance And Release To The Pathogenesis Of Type 2 Diabetes In The Mkr Mouse Microform written by Zeenat A. (Zeenat Afshan) Asghar and has been published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
In the MKR mouse model, the insulin and IGF-1 signaling pathways in skeletal muscle are attenuated, leading to insulin resistance. Muscle specific resistance leads to peripheral insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia within weeks. Post diabetes, these mice fail to elicit a biphasic insulin response to glucose unlike the WT mice, likely due to a severe loss of beta-cell glucose responsiveness. A decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was validated in vitro using isolated islets. We hypothesized that insulin resistance in MKR mice leads to impaired GSIS and precipitates diabetes, and that an alleviation of insulin resistance would likely improve glucose homeostasis. Treatment of MKR mice with several regimes involving improvements in whole body insulin sensitivity lead to an improvement, if not restoration, of normal glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. Thus, in the MKR mice, severe insulin resistant conditions contribute to beta-cell dysfunction and T2DM.
Insulin Resistance
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Author : Sudhesh Kumar
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2005-01-14
Insulin Resistance written by Sudhesh Kumar and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-14 with Medical categories.
Diabetes is now one of the major causes of morbidity worldwide. In many cases, the onset of diabetes is progressive, developing via a condition of insulin resistance. This book considers the development of this condition, its consequences and clinical and therapeutic aspects. The book reviews the normal biology of insulin action on glucose, lipids and proteins. It considers the pathological basis for insulin resistance in animal models and humans, and discusses the influence of heredity, dietary factors and exercise. Clinical consequences including dyslipidaemia, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome, and therapeutic strategies for treatment are also examined. * Provides an expert review of the phenomenon of insulin resistance * Brings together a host of recent research for the first time * Written by leading experts in biological and clinical research
Sex And Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis Diabetes And Obesity
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Author : Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-08
Sex And Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis Diabetes And Obesity written by Franck Mauvais-Jarvis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-08 with Medical categories.
The book provides a reference for years to come, written by world-renowned expert investigators studying sex differences, the role of sex hormones, the systems biology of sex, and the genetic contribution of sex chromosomes to metabolic homeostasis and diseases. In this volume, leaders of the pharmaceutical industry present their views on sex-specific drug discovery. Many of the authors presented at the Keystone Symposium on “Sex and gender factors affecting metabolic homeostasis, diabetes and obesity” to be held in March 2017 in Lake Tahoe, CA. This book will generate new knowledge and ideas on the importance of gender biology and medicine from a molecular standpoint to the population level and to provide the methods to study them. It is intended to be a catalyst leading to gender-specific treatments of metabolic diseases. There are fundamental aspects of metabolic homeostasis that are regulated differently in males and females, and influence both the development of diabetes and obesity and the response to pharmacological intervention. Still, most preclinical researchers avoid studying female rodents due to the added complexity of research plans. The consequence is a generation of data that risks being relevant to only half of the population. This is a timely moment to publish a book on sex differences in diseases as NIH leadership has asked scientists to consider sex as a biological variable in preclinical research, to ensure that women get the same benefit of medical research as men.