Grammaticalization In The System Of Japanese Predicate Honorifics

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Grammaticalization In The System Of Japanese Predicate Honorifics

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Author : Richard Byrd Dasher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

Grammaticalization In The System Of Japanese Predicate Honorifics written by Richard Byrd Dasher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.

Honorific Predication In Early Middle Japanese

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Author : Chihaya C. Shibata
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Honorific Predication In Early Middle Japanese written by Chihaya C. Shibata and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Japanese language categories.

Abstract:Early Middle (Chuuko) Japanese literature reveals that much of the honorific expression system was grammaticalized by the middle of the Heian period (794-1185). This thesis is an attempt to investigate what evolutionary paths honorific expressions followed as they became what they were in the mid-Heian period and how they were actually used in a specific text of the mid-Heian period, Ookagami 'The Great Mirror' (c. 11th c.). The general framework for this study is the field of functional linguistics. While it makes use of much kokugogaku scholarship, it develops an account of honorifics that suggests some of its established assumptions regarding the honorific system should be reconsidered. In Early Middle Japanese, subject-honorification ( sonkei hyoogen 'honorific expression') in predication was expressed by the inflectional suffixes - (ra)ru and - (sa)su , honorific verbs such as ohasu , honorific auxiliary verbs such as tamahu, and certain combinations of these three, for example, - (sa)sE-tamahu. While textual evidence for Old Japanese is rather limited in terms of genres, Early Middle Japanese seems to have had more marked honorific expressions that involved a sense of triple honorification in addition to double honorific expressions. When one looks at the diachronic changes of each lexical item for honorific use, the evidence suggests that creating more honorifically marked lexical items happens when originally marked items became so conventionalized that they represent less of a deliberate choice on the part of the speaker, thus becoming unmarked. In order to preserve the markedness of an expression, conventionalized lexical items are often augmented anew with less conventionalized, more marked lexical items, and once again these expressions come to function as marked forms. This is a natural and widely attested linguistic process in the course of grammaticalization, and the diachronic changes of honorific expressions from Old Japanese to Early Middle Japanese do not seem to be an exception to this cross-linguistic phenomenon. Honorific predication in the text of Ookagami is straightforward in nature and corresponds to the general description of honorific expressions in Early Middle Japanese which I present in Chapter One, notwithstanding the many examples of the more marked "triple honorification" which occur in Ookagami.

Grammaticalization

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Author : Paul J. Hopper
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-07-31

Grammaticalization written by Paul J. Hopper and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-31 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This is a general introduction to grammaticalization, the change whereby lexical terms and constructions come in certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical functions, and, once grammaticalized, continue to develop new grammatical functions. The authors synthesize work from several areas of linguistics. The second edition has been thoroughly revised with substantial updates on theoretical and methodological issues that have arisen in the decade since the first edition, and includes a significantly expanded bibliography. Particular attention is paid to recent debates over directionality in change and the role of grammaticalization in creolization.

Handbook Of Japanese Syntax

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Author : Masayoshi Shibatani
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2017-10-23

Handbook Of Japanese Syntax written by Masayoshi Shibatani and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Studies of Japanese syntax have played a central role in the long history of Japanese linguistics spanning more than 250 years in Japan and abroad. More recently, Japanese has been among the languages most intensely studied within modern linguistic theories such as Generative Grammar and Cognitive/Functional Linguistics over the past fifty years. This volume presents a comprehensive survey of Japanese syntax from these three research strands, namely studies based on the traditional research methods developed in Japan, those from broader functional perspectives, and those couched in the generative linguistics framework. The twenty-four studies contained in this volume are characterized by a detailed analysis of a grammatical phenomenon with broader implications to general linguistics, making the volume attractive to both specialists of Japanese and those interested in learning about the impact of Japanese syntax to the general study of language. Each chapter is authored by a leading authority on the topic. Broad issues covered include sentence types (declarative, imperative, etc.) and their interactions with grammatical verbal categories (modality, polarity, politeness, etc.), grammatical relations (topic, subject, etc.), transitivity, nominalizations, grammaticalization, word order (subject, scrambling, numeral quantifier, configurationality), case marking (ga/no conversion, morphology and syntax), modification (adjectives, relative clause), and structure and interpretation (modality, negation, prosody, ellipsis). Chapter titles Introduction Chapter 1. Basic structures of sentences and grammatical categories, Yoshio Nitta, Kansai University of Foreign Studies Chapter 2: Transitivity, Wesley Jacobsen, Harvard University Chapter 3: Topic and subject, Takashi Masuoka, Kobe City University of Foreign Studies Chapter 4: Toritate: Focusing and defocusing of words, phrases, and clauses, Hisashi Noda, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics Chapter 5: The layered structure of the sentence, Isao Iori, Hitotsubashi University Chapter 6. Functional syntax, Ken-Ichi Takami, Gakushuin University; and Susumu Kuno, Harvard University Chapter 7: Locative alternation, Seizi Iwata, Osaka City University Chapter 8: Nominalizations, Masayoshi Shibatani, Rice University Chapter 9: The morphosyntax of grammaticalization, Heiko Narrog, Tohoku University Chapter 10: Modality, Nobuko Hasegawa, Kanda University of International Studies Chapter 11: The passive voice, Tomoko Ishizuka, Tama University Chapter 12: Case marking, Hideki Kishimoto, Kobe University Chapter 13: Interfacing syntax with sounds and meanings, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, Indiana University Chapter 14: Subject, Masatoshi Koizumi, Tohoku University Chapter 15: Numeral quantifiers, Shigeru Miyagawa, MIT Chapter 16: Relative clauses, Yoichi Miyamoto, Osaka University Chapter 17: Expressions that contain negation, Nobuaki Nishioka, Kyushu University Chapter 18: Ga/No conversion, Masao Ochi, Osaka University Chapter 19: Ellipsis, Mamoru Saito, Nanzan University Chapter 20: Syntax and argument structure, Natsuko Tsujimura, Indiana University Chapter 21: Attributive modification, Akira Watanabe, University of Tokyo Chapter 22: Scrambling, Noriko Yoshimura, Shizuoka Prefectural University

The Limits Of Grammaticalization

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Author : Anna Giacalone Ramat
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1998-01-01

The Limits Of Grammaticalization written by Anna Giacalone Ramat and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

The earliest use of the term “grammaticalization” was to refer to the process whereby lexical words of a language (such as English keep in “he keeps bees”) become grammatical forms (such as the auxiliary in “he keeps looking at me”). Changes of this kind, which involve semantic fading and a downshift from a major to a minor category, have generally been agreed to come under the heading of grammaticalization. But other changes that equally contribute to new grammatical forms do not involve this kind of fading. In recent years, a debate has arisen over how to constrain the term theoretically. Is grammaticalization to be distinguished from “lexicalization”, the creation and fixing of new words out of older patterns of compounding? If so, how is the line to be drawn between a form that is grammatical and one that is lexical? Should the term “grammaticalization” be extended to the study of the origins of grammatical constructions in general? If so, it will have to include broader issues such as word order change and the reanalysis of phrases. What principles govern these processes? Is grammaticalization a unidirectional event, or can change occur in the reverse direction? The authors of the papers in this volume approach these important questions from a variety of data types, including historical texts, creoles, and a typologically broad sample of modern and ancient languages.

Usage Based Approaches To Japanese Grammar

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Author : Kaori Kabata
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2014-06-15

Usage Based Approaches To Japanese Grammar written by Kaori Kabata and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This volume brings together papers that take usage-based approaches to study the nature of human language, with a focus on the grammar of Japanese. The 12 chapters provide a rich array of data and methodologies, with topics ranging from phonology, modality, and grammatical morphemes, to sentential construction and discourse-level phenomena such as turn-taking, speech register, and language change. As a whole, they demonstrate that usage-based linguistics illuminates various phenomena in the language that could not have been well accounted for by resorting solely to a formal theory such as the Universal-Grammar-based approach. Reflecting theoretical, methodological, and technological advancements made in and outside the field of cognitive-functional linguistics in recent years, the papers contained in this volume, both individually and collectively, have significant implications towards linguistics in general and Japanese linguistics in particular, as we as Japanese language teaching.

The Oxford Handbook Of Grammaticalization

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Author : Heiko Narrog
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-10-13

The Oxford Handbook Of Grammaticalization written by Heiko Narrog and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-13 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This book presents a critical assessment of research on grammaticalization, a central element in the process by which grammars are created. Leading scholars discuss its core theoretical and methodological bases, report on work in the field, and point to directions for new research. They represent every relevant theoretical perspective and approach.

Handbook Of Japanese Semantics And Pragmatics

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Author : Wesley M. Jacobsen
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2020-10-12

Handbook Of Japanese Semantics And Pragmatics written by Wesley M. Jacobsen and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-12 with Foreign Language Study categories.

The volume on Semantics and Pragmatics presents a collection of studies on linguistic meaning in Japanese, either as conventionally encoded in linguistic form (the field of semantics) or as generated by the interaction of form with context (the field of pragmatics), representing a range of ideas and approaches that are currently most influentialin these fields. The studies are organized around a model that has long currency in traditional Japanese grammar, whereby the linguistic clause consists of a multiply nested structure centered in a propositional core of objective meaning around which forms are deployed that express progressively more subjective meaning as one moves away from the core toward the periphery of the clause. The volume seeks to achieve a balance in highlighting both insights that semantic and pragmatic theory has to offer to the study of Japanese as a particular language and, conversely, contributions that Japanese has to make to semantic and pragmatic theory in areas of meaning that are either uniquely encoded, or encoded to a higher degree of specificity, in Japanese by comparison to other languages, such as conditional forms, forms expressing varying types of speaker modality, and social deixis.

Collocational And Idiomatic Aspects Of Composite Predicates In The History Of English

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Author : Laurel J. Brinton
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1999

Collocational And Idiomatic Aspects Of Composite Predicates In The History Of English written by Laurel J. Brinton and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

The focus of this carefully selected volume concerns the existence, frequency, and form of composite/complex predicates (the “take a look” construction) in earlier periods of the English language, an area of scholarship which has been virtually neglected. The various contributions seek to understand the collocational and idiomatic aspects of these structures, as well as of related structures such as complex prepositions (e.g., “on account of”) and phrasal verbs (e.g., “look up”), in their earliest manifestations. Moreover, study of these constructions at the individual stages of English leads to diachronic questions concerning their development, raising issues pertaining to grammaticalization, lexicalization, and idiomaticization-processes which are not always clearly differentiated nor fully understood.

Diachrony Of Personal Pronouns In Japanese

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Author : Osamu Ishiyama
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2019-01-15

Diachrony Of Personal Pronouns In Japanese written by Osamu Ishiyama and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Personal pronouns in Japanese form a heterogeneous category. This book investigates their historical development from a functional perspective. It shows that while nouns give rise to personal pronouns through semanticization of pragmatic inferences, the use of non-nominal forms such as demonstratives and reflexives for person referents can be resolved within their original functions, offering little reason to treat them as personal pronouns. The cross-linguistic investigation into the common sources of personal pronouns reveals that the development of personal pronouns from nouns is largely consistent with grammaticalization, but that of forms of non-nominal origins requires separate mechanisms such as spatial/empathetic perspectives and displacement of semantic features for politeness, showing that a one-size-fits-all approach to diachrony of personal pronouns is not sufficient. This book will be of special interest to researchers and students in historical linguistics, pragmatics, and Japanese linguistics, who take a functional view of language.