Guerras Anacr Nicas
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Reinforcement Learning Second Edition
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Author : Richard S. Sutton
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2018-11-13
Reinforcement Learning Second Edition written by Richard S. Sutton and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-13 with Computers categories.
The significantly expanded and updated new edition of a widely used text on reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence. Reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence, is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives while interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the field's key ideas and algorithms. This second edition has been significantly expanded and updated, presenting new topics and updating coverage of other topics. Like the first edition, this second edition focuses on core online learning algorithms, with the more mathematical material set off in shaded boxes. Part I covers as much of reinforcement learning as possible without going beyond the tabular case for which exact solutions can be found. Many algorithms presented in this part are new to the second edition, including UCB, Expected Sarsa, and Double Learning. Part II extends these ideas to function approximation, with new sections on such topics as artificial neural networks and the Fourier basis, and offers expanded treatment of off-policy learning and policy-gradient methods. Part III has new chapters on reinforcement learning's relationships to psychology and neuroscience, as well as an updated case-studies chapter including AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero, Atari game playing, and IBM Watson's wagering strategy. The final chapter discusses the future societal impacts of reinforcement learning.
A New International History Of The Spanish Civil War
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Author : Michael Alpert
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 1994-06-28
A New International History Of The Spanish Civil War written by Michael Alpert and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-06-28 with History categories.
'...a lucid and scholarly account of an important and immensely complex subject...Dr. Alpert's command of a broad range of archival material, printed documents and secondary works in six languages is extremely impressive.' - P. Preston, London School of Economics and Political Science It is now twenty years since a study was dedicated to the international aspects of the Spanish Civil War and this new synthesis covering the whole of the era and setting it against major events of the late 1930s is well overdue. Michael Alpert takes full advantage of newly accessible archival sources to disentangle the intricacies of this complex issue.
Disremembering The Dictatorship
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-08-04
Disremembering The Dictatorship written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-04 with Social Science categories.
Most accounts of the Spanish transition to democracy have been celebratory exercises at the service of a stabilizing rather than a critical project of far-reaching reform. As one of the essays in this volume puts it, the “pact of oblivion,” which characterized the Spanish transition to democracy, curtailed any serious attempt to address the legacies of authoritarianism that the new democracy inherited from the Franco era. As a result, those legacies pervaded public discourse even in newly created organs of opinion. As another contributor argues, the Transition was based on the erasure of memory and the invention of a new political tradition. On the other hand, memory and its etiolation have been an object of reflection for a number of film directors and fiction writers, who have probed the return of the repressed under spectral conditions. Above all, this book strives to present memory as a performative exercise of democratic agents and an open field for encounters with different, possibly divergent, and necessarily fragmented recollections. The pact of the Transition could not entirely disguise the naturalization of a society made of winners and losers, nor could it ensure the consolidation of amnesia by political agents and by the tools that create hegemony by shaping opinion. Spanish society is haunted by the specters of a past it has tried to surmount by denying it. It seems unlikely that it can rid itself of its ghosts without in the process undermining the democracy it sought to legitimate through the erasure of memories and the drowning of witnesses' voices in the cacaphony of triumphant modernization.
Affaire Des Activit S Militaires Et Paramilitaires Au Nicaragua Et Contre Celui Ci
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Author : International Court of Justice
language : en
Publisher: United Nations Publications
Release Date : 2000
Affaire Des Activit S Militaires Et Paramilitaires Au Nicaragua Et Contre Celui Ci written by International Court of Justice and has been published by United Nations Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Intervention (International law) categories.
One of the main purposes of the United Nations is to bring about, by peaceful means, adjustment or settlement of international disputes. This is accomplished through the International Court of Justice, a principal organ of the United Nations. A full list of ICJ publications can be obtained by contacting your nearest UN Publications Sales Office.
Making States Work
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Author : United Nations University
language : en
Publisher: United Nations University Press
Release Date : 2005
Making States Work written by United Nations University and has been published by United Nations University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Political Science categories.
The point of departure for this collection of articles is the idea that there is a link between international peace and strong states respectful of human rights and robust civil societies. Presented by Chesterman (New York U. School of Law, US), Ignatieff (Harvard U.'s John F. Kennedy School of Government, US), and Thakur (United Nations Universi
Networking
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Author : Tatiana Bazzichelli
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2009-02
Networking written by Tatiana Bazzichelli and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02 with Computers categories.
Networking means to create nets of relations, where the publisher and the reader, the artist and the audience, act on the same level. The book is a first tentative reconstruction of the history of artistic networking in Italy, through an analysis of media and art projects which during the past twenty years have given way to a creative, shared and aware use of technologies, from video to computers, contributing to the creation of Italian hacker communities. The Italian network proposes a form of critical information, disseminated through independent and collective projects where the idea of freedom of expression is a central theme. In Italy, thanks to the alternative use of Internet, during the past twenty years a vast national network of people who share political, cultural and artistic views has been formed. The book describes the evolution of the Italian hacktivism and net culture from the 1980s till today. It builds a reflection on the new role of the artist and author who becomes a networker, operating in collective nets, reconnecting to Neoavant-garde practices of the 1960s (first and foremost Fluxus), but also Mail Art, Neoism and Luther Blissett. A path which began in BBSes, alternative web platforms spread in Italy through the 1980s even before the Internet even existed, and then moved on to Hackmeetings, to Telestreet and networking art by different artists such as 0100101110101101.ORG, [epidemiC], Jaromil, Giacomo Verde, Giovanotti Mondani Meccanici, Correnti Magnetiche, Candida TV, Tommaso Tozzi, Federico Bucalossi, Massimo Contrasto, Mariano Equizzi, Pigreca, Molleindustria, Guerriglia Marketing, Sexyshock, Phag Off and many others.
Advances In Simulation And Digital Human Modeling
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Author : Julia L. Wright
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-26
Advances In Simulation And Digital Human Modeling written by Julia L. Wright and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides readers with a timely snapshot of modeling and simulation tools, including virtual and mixed-reality environment, for human factors research. It covers applications in healthcare and physical ergonomics, military and transportation systems, industrial monitoring, as well as economics and social sciences. Based on the AHFE 2021 International Conference on Human Factors and Simulation and the AHFE 2021 International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, held virtually on 25–29 July, 2021, from USA, the book offers a unique resource for modelling and simulation researchers seeking insights into human factors research and to human factors experts seeking reliable computational tools.
Mozambique
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Author : J. Cabrita
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2001-01-19
Mozambique written by J. Cabrita and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-19 with Political Science categories.
Mozambique's civil war was inevitable given the tradition of conflict that has always characterized Frelimo, first as an independence movement, and then as a ruling party. Without disregarding the role played by both Rhodesia and South Africa in the war - in fact providing new and detailed information about it - Cabrita guides the reader through Frelimo's early days and gives a clear understanding of the pattern of internal dissent, persecution and physical elimination of members and opponents that remained the organization's hallmark.
Antimicrobial Resistance In Developing Countries
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Author : Aníbal de J. Sosa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-08
Antimicrobial Resistance In Developing Countries written by Aníbal de J. Sosa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-08 with Science categories.
Avoiding infection has always been expensive. Some human populations escaped tropical infections by migrating into cold climates but then had to procure fuel, warm clothing, durable housing, and crops from a short growing season. Waterborne infections were averted by owning your own well or supporting a community reservoir. Everyone got vaccines in rich countries, while people in others got them later if at all. Antimicrobial agents seemed at first to be an exception. They did not need to be delivered through a cold chain and to everyone, as vaccines did. They had to be given only to infected patients and often then as relatively cheap injectables or pills off a shelf for only a few days to get astonishing cures. Antimicrobials not only were better than most other innovations but also reached more of the world’s people sooner. The problem appeared later. After each new antimicrobial became widely used, genes expressing resistance to it began to emerge and spread through bacterial populations. Patients infected with bacteria expressing such resistance genes then failed treatment and remained infected or died. Growing resistance to antimicrobial agents began to take away more and more of the cures that the agents had brought.
Historia Patria
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Author : Carolyn P. Boyd
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-12-08
Historia Patria written by Carolyn P. Boyd and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-08 with History categories.
Beginning with the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1875 and ending with the death of General Francisco Franco in 1975, this book explores the intersection of education and nationalism in Spain. Based on a broad range of archival and published sources, including parliamentary and ministerial records, pedagogical treatises and journals, teachers' manuals, memoirs, and a sample of over two hundred primary and secondary school textbooks, the study examines ideological and political conflict among groups of elites seeking to shape popular understanding of national history and identity through the schools, both public and private. A burgeoning literature on European nationalisms has posited that educational systems in general, and an instrumentalized version of national history in particular, have contributed decisively to the articulation and transmission of nationalist ideologies. The Spanish case reveals a different dynamic. In Spain, a chronically weak state, a divided and largely undemocratic political class, and an increasingly polarized social and political climate impeded the construction of an effective system of national education and the emergence of a consensus on the shape and meaning of the Spanish national past. This in turn contributed to one of the most striking features of modern Spanish political and cultural life--the absence of a strong sense of Spanish, as opposed to local or regional, identity. Scholars with interests in modern European cultural politics, processes of state consolidation, nationalism, and the history of education will find this book essential reading.