Hard Times In An American Workhouse 1853 1920
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Hard Times In An American Workhouse 1853 1920
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Author : Gregg Andrews
language : en
Publisher: LSU Press
Release Date : 2024-10-29
Hard Times In An American Workhouse 1853 1920 written by Gregg Andrews and has been published by LSU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-29 with History categories.
Hard Times in an American Workhouse, 1853–1920, is the first comprehensive examination of a workhouse in the United States, offering a critical history of the institution in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Using the Old St. Louis Workhouse as a representative example, award-winning historian Gregg Andrews brings to life individual stories of men and women sentenced to this debtors’ prison to break rocks in the quarry, sew clothing, scrub cell floors and walls, or toil in its brush factory. Most inmates, too poor to pay requisite fines, came through the city’s police courts on charges of vagrancy, drunkenness, disturbing the peace, or violating some other ordinance. The penal system criminalized everything from poverty and unemployment to homelessness and the mere fact of being Black. Workhouses proved overcrowded and inhospitable facilities that housed hardcore felons and young street toughs along with prostitutes, petty thieves, peace disturbers, political dissenters, “levee rats,” adulterers, and those who suffered from alcohol and drug addiction. Officials even funneled the elderly, the mentally disabled, and the physically infirm into the workhouse system. The torture of prisoners in the hellish chambers of the St. Louis Workhouse proved far worse than Charles Dickens’s portrayals of cruelty in the debtors’ prisons of Victorian England. The ordinance that created the St. Louis complex in 1843 banned corporal punishment, but shackles, chains, and the whipping post remained central to the institution’s attempts to impose discipline. Officers also banished more recalcitrant inmates to solitary confinement in the “bull pen,” where they subsisted on little more than bread and water. Andrews traces efforts by critics to reform the workhouse, a political plum in the game of petty ward patronage played by corrupt and capricious judges, jailers, and guards. The best opportunity for lasting change came during the Progressive Era, but the limited contours of progressivism in St. Louis thwarted reformers’ efforts. The defeat of a municipal bond issue in 1920 effectively ended plans to replace the urban industrial workhouse model with a more humane municipal farm system championed by Progressives.
Maintaining Segregation
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Author : LeeAnn G. Reynolds
language : en
Publisher: LSU Press
Release Date : 2017-05-08
Maintaining Segregation written by LeeAnn G. Reynolds and has been published by LSU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-08 with Political Science categories.
In Maintaining Segregation, LeeAnn G. Reynolds explores how black and white children in the early twentieth-century South learned about segregation in their homes, schools, and churches. As public lynchings and other displays of racial violence declined in the 1920s, a culture of silence developed around segregation, serving to forestall, absorb, and deflect individual challenges to the racial hierarchy. The cumulative effect of the racial instruction southern children received, prior to highly publicized news such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision and the Montgomery bus boycott, perpetuated segregation by discouraging discussion or critical examination. As the system of segregation evolved throughout the early twentieth century, generations of southerners came of age having little or no knowledge of life without institutionalized segregation. Reynolds examines the motives and approaches of white and black parents to racial instruction in the home and how their methods reinforced the status quo. Whereas white families sought to preserve the legal system of segregation and their place within it, black families faced the more complicated task of ensuring the safety of their children in a racist society without sacrificing their sense of self-worth. Schools and churches functioned as secondary sites for racial conditioning, and Reynolds traces the ways in which these institutions alternately challenged and encouraged the marginalization of black Americans both within society and the historical narrative. In order for subsequent generations to imagine and embrace the sort of racial equality championed by the civil rights movement, they had to overcome preconceived notions of race instilled since childhood. Ultimately, Reynolds’s work reveals that the social change that occurred due to the civil rights movement can only be fully understood within the context of the segregation imposed upon children by southern institutions throughout much of the early twentieth century.
The Desegregation Of Public Libraries In The Jim Crow South
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Author : Shirley A. Wiegand
language : en
Publisher: LSU Press
Release Date : 2018-04-14
The Desegregation Of Public Libraries In The Jim Crow South written by Shirley A. Wiegand and has been published by LSU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-14 with Political Science categories.
In The Desegregation of Public Libraries in the Jim Crow South, Wayne A. and Shirley A. Wiegand tell the comprehensive story of the integration of southern public libraries. As in other efforts to integrate civic institutions in the 1950s and 1960s, the determination of local activists won the battle against segregation in libraries. In particular, the willingness of young black community members to take part in organized protests and direct actions ensured that local libraries would become genuinely free to all citizens. The Wiegands trace the struggle for equal access to the years before the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision, when black activists in the South focused their efforts on equalizing accommodations, rather than on the more daunting—and dangerous—task of undoing segregation. After the ruling, momentum for vigorously pursuing equality grew, and black organizations shifted to more direct challenges to the system, including public library sit-ins and lawsuits against library systems. Although local groups often took direction from larger civil rights organizations, the energy, courage, and determination of younger black community members ensured the eventual desegregation of Jim Crow public libraries. The Wiegands examine the library desegregation movement in several southern cities and states, revealing the ways that individual communities negotiated—mostly peacefully, sometimes violently—the integration of local public libraries. This study adds a new chapter to the history of civil rights activism in the mid-twentieth century and celebrates the resolve of community activists as it weaves the account of racial discrimination in public libraries through the national narrative of the civil rights movement.
How The Other Half Lives
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Author : Jacob Riis
language : en
Publisher: Applewood Books
Release Date : 2011
How The Other Half Lives written by Jacob Riis and has been published by Applewood Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with History categories.
The Correspondence Of Charles Darwin Volume 5 1851 1855
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Author : Charles Darwin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1985
The Correspondence Of Charles Darwin Volume 5 1851 1855 written by Charles Darwin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
"For the first time full authoritative texts of Darwin's are made available, edited according to modern textual editorial principles and practice. Letter-writing was of crucial importance to Darwin's work, not only because his poor health isolated him from direct personal communication with his scientific colleagues but also because the nature of his investigations required communication with naturalists in many fields and in all quarters of the globe. Thus the letters are a mine of information about the work in progress of a creative genius who produced an intellectual revolution." --
Prisons And Prison Systems
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Author : Mitchel P. Roth
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2005-11-30
Prisons And Prison Systems written by Mitchel P. Roth and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-30 with Social Science categories.
Prisons have undoubtedly changed over the years, as have penal practices in general, though more so in some countries than others. Prisons and prison systems have long been an overlooked part of criminal justice research, and as a result, limited material is available on many institutions. This comprehensive encyclopedia provides a historical overview of institutions and systems around the world, as well as penal theories, prisoner culture and life, and notable prisoners and personnel. Readers will find a plethora of information including material on such famous prisons as the Tower of London and Alcatraz, as well as on such topics as boot camps and parole. Other entries include Devil's Island, supermaximum prisons, Nelson Mandela, Pennsylvania system, and Amnesty International. Numerous appendixes list famous prisoners, prison museums, prison slang, and more.
Reports From Committees
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Author : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1861
Reports From Committees written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1861 with categories.
The Blackest Streets
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Author : Sarah Wise
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2013-01-31
The Blackest Streets written by Sarah Wise and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-31 with History categories.
'An excellent and intelligent investigation of the realities of urban living that respond to no design or directive... This is a book about the nature of London itself' Peter Ackroyd, The Times A powerful exploration of the seedy side of Victorian London by one of our most promising young historians. In 1887 government inspectors were sent to investigate the Old Nichol, a notorious slum on the boundary of Bethnal Green parish, where almost 6,000 inhabitants were crammed into thirty or so streets of rotting dwellings and where the mortality rate ran at nearly twice that of the rest of Bethnal Green. Among much else they discovered that the decaying 100-year-old houses were some of the most lucrative properties in the capital for their absent slumlords, who included peers of the realm, local politicians and churchmen. The Blackest Streets is set in a turbulent period of London's history when revolution was in the air. Award-winning historian Sarah Wise skilfully evokes the texture of life at that time, not just for the tenants but for those campaigning for change and others seeking to protect their financial interests. She recovers Old Nichol from the ruins of history and lays bare the social and political conditions that created and sustained this black hole which lay at the very heart of the Empire. A revelatory and prescient read about cities, class and inequality, the message at the heart of The Blackest Streets still resonates today.
A Dictionary Of Slang And Unconventional English
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Author : Eric Partridge
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2006-05-02
A Dictionary Of Slang And Unconventional English written by Eric Partridge and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-02 with Foreign Language Study categories.
The definitive work on the subject, this Dictionary - available again in its eighth edition - gives a full account of slang and unconventional English over four centuries and will entertain and inform all language-lovers.
A New English Dictionary On Historical Principles
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Author : James Augustus Henry Murray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1928
A New English Dictionary On Historical Principles written by James Augustus Henry Murray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1928 with categories.