Heat Exchanger Temperature Response For Duty Cycle Transients In The Ngnp
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Heat Exchanger Temperature Response For Duty Cycle Transients In The Ngnp
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Heat Exchanger Temperature Response For Duty Cycle Transients In The Ngnp written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Control system studies were performed for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) interfaced to the High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) plant. Temperature change and associated thermal stresses are important factors in determining plant lifetime. In the NGNP the design objective of a 40 year lifetime for the Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) in particular is seen as a challenge. A control system was designed to minimize temperature changes in the IHX and more generally at all high-temperature locations in the plant for duty-cycle transients. In the NGNP this includes structures at the reactor outlet and at the inlet to the turbine. This problem was approached by identifying those high-level factors that determine temperature rates of change. First are the set of duty cycle transients over which the control engineer has little control but which none-the-less must be addressed. Second is the partitioning of the temperature response into a quasi-static component and a transient component. These two components are largely independent of each other and when addressed as such greater understanding of temperature change mechanisms and how to deal with them is achieved. Third is the manner in which energy and mass flow rates are managed. Generally one aims for a temperature distribution that minimizes spatial non-uniformity of thermal expansion in a component with time. This is can be achieved by maintaining a fixed spatial temperature distribution in a component during transients. A general rule of thumb for heat exchangers is to maintain flow rate proportional to thermal power. Additionally the product of instantaneous flow rate and heat capacity should be maintained the same on both sides of the heat exchanger. Fourth inherent mechanisms for stable behavior should not be compromised by active controllers that can introduce new feedback paths and potentially create under-damped response. Applications of these principles to the development of a plant control strategy for the reference NGNP/HTE plant can be found in the body of this report. The outcome is an integrated plant/control system design. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis: (1) The plant load schedule can be managed to maintain near-constant hot side temperatures over the load range in both the nuclear and chemical plant. (2) The reactor open-loop response is inherently stable resulting mainly from a large Doppler temperature coefficient compared to the other reactivity temperature feedbacks. (3) The typical controller used to manage reactor power production to maintain reactor outlet temperature at a setpoint introduces a feedback path that tends to destabilize reactor power production in the NGNP. (4) A primary loop flow controller that forces primary flow to track PCU flow rate is effective in minimizing spatial temperature differentials within the IHX. (5) Inventory control in both the primary and PCU system during ramp load change transients is an effective means of maintaining high NGNP thermal efficiency while at reduced electric load. (6) Turbine bypass control is an effective means for responding to step changes in generator load when equipment capacity limitations prevent inventory control from being effective. (7) Turbine bypass control is effective in limiting PCU shaft over speed for the loss of generator load upset event. (8) The proposed control strategy is effective in limiting time variation of the differential spatial temperature distribution in the IHX during transients. Essentially the IHX can be made to behave in a manner where each point in the IHX experiences approximately the same temperature rate of change during a transient. (9) The stability of the closed-loop Brayton cycle was found to be sensitive to where one operates on the turbo-machine performance maps. There are competing interests: more stable operation means operating on the curves at points that reduce overall cycle efficiency. Future work should address in greater detail elements that came to light in the course of this work. Specifically: (1) A stability analysis should be performed to identify the phenomena that control reactor outlet temperature stability when operating with the Reactor Outlet Temperature Controller. The goal is to identify a better performing controller. (2) Future simulations should be performed with multiple axial nodes. The single axial node model for the core used in this work gives rise to an initial core reactor outlet temperature perturbation that is a numerical artifact. (3) The tradeoffs referred to above regarding the dependence of Brayton cycle stability and efficiency on performance curve characteristics and use need to be better understood. (4) The role of xenon was neglected in this work and needs to be included in future work.
Nuclear Production Of Hydrogen
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Author : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development
Release Date : 2010
Nuclear Production Of Hydrogen written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and has been published by Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy carrier in the 21st century. This report describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with the production of hydrogen using heat and/or electricity from nuclear power plants, with special emphasis on recent developments in high-temperature electrolysis and the use of different chemical thermodynamic processes. Economics and market analysis as well as safety aspects of the nuclear production of hydrogen are also discussed.
Compact Heat Exchangers
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Author : J.E. Hesselgreaves
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2001-05-08
Compact Heat Exchangers written by J.E. Hesselgreaves and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-05-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the ideas and industrial concepts in compact heat exchanger technology that have been developed in the last 10 years or so. Historically, the development and application of compact heat exchangers and their surfaces has taken place in a piecemeal fashion in a number of rather unrelated areas, principally those of the automotive and prime mover, aerospace, cryogenic and refrigeration sectors. Much detailed technology, familiar in one sector, progressed only slowly over the boundary into another sector. This compartmentalisation was a feature both of the user industries themselves, and also of the supplier, or manufacturing industries. These barriers are now breaking down, with valuable cross-fertilisation taking place. One of the industrial sectors that is waking up to the challenges of compact heat exchangers is that broadly defined as the process sector. If there is a bias in the book, it is towards this sector. Here, in many cases, the technical challenges are severe, since high pressures and temperatures are often involved, and working fluids can be corrosive, reactive or toxic. The opportunities, however, are correspondingly high, since compacts can offer a combination of lower capital or installed cost, lower temperature differences (and hence running costs), and lower inventory. In some cases they give the opportunity for a radical re-think of the process design, by the introduction of process intensification (PI) concepts such as combining process elements in one unit. An example of this is reaction and heat exchange, which offers, among other advantages, significantly lower by-product production.To stimulate future research, the author includes coverage of hitherto neglected approaches, such as that of the Second Law (of Thermodynamics), pioneered by Bejan and co- workers. The justification for this is that there is increasing interest in life-cycle and sustainable approaches to industrial activity as a whole, often involving exergy (Second Law) analysis. Heat exchangers, being fundamental components of energy and process systems, are both savers and spenders of exergy, according to interpretation.
Heat Exchanger Design Handbook Second Edition
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Author : Kuppan Thulukkanam
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-05-20
Heat Exchanger Design Handbook Second Edition written by Kuppan Thulukkanam and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Completely revised and updated to reflect current advances in heat exchanger technology, Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, Second Edition includes enhanced figures and thermal effectiveness charts, tables, new chapter, and additional topics––all while keeping the qualities that made the first edition a centerpiece of information for practicing engineers, research, engineers, academicians, designers, and manufacturers involved in heat exchange between two or more fluids. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Updated information on pressure vessel codes, manufacturer’s association standards A new chapter on heat exchanger installation, operation, and maintenance practices Classification chapter now includes coverage of scrapped surface-, graphite-, coil wound-, microscale-, and printed circuit heat exchangers Thorough revision of fabrication of shell and tube heat exchangers, heat transfer augmentation methods, fouling control concepts and inclusion of recent advances in PHEs New topics like EMbaffle®, Helixchanger®, and Twistedtube® heat exchanger, feedwater heater, steam surface condenser, rotary regenerators for HVAC applications, CAB brazing and cupro-braze radiators Without proper heat exchanger design, efficiency of cooling/heating system of plants and machineries, industrial processes and energy system can be compromised, and energy wasted. This thoroughly revised handbook offers comprehensive coverage of single-phase heat exchangers—selection, thermal design, mechanical design, corrosion and fouling, FIV, material selection and their fabrication issues, fabrication of heat exchangers, operation, and maintenance of heat exchangers —all in one volume.
Application Of Compact Heat Exchangers For Combined Cycle Driven Efficiency In Next Generation Nuclear Power Plants
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Author : Bahman Zohuri
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-19
Application Of Compact Heat Exchangers For Combined Cycle Driven Efficiency In Next Generation Nuclear Power Plants written by Bahman Zohuri and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Covers the fundamentals of combined-cycle plants to provide background for understanding the progressive design approaches at the heart of the text Discusses the types of compact heat exchanger surfaces, suggesting novel designs that can be considered for optimal cost effectiveness and maximum energy production Undertakes the thermal analysis of these compact heat exchangers throughout the life cycle, from the design perspective through operational and safety assurance stages This book describes the quest to create novel designs for compact heat exchangers in support of emergent combined cycle nuclear plants. The text opens with a concise explanation of the fundamentals of combined cycles, describing their efficiency impacts on electrical power generation systems. It then covers the implementation of these principles in nuclear reactor power systems, focusing on the role of compact heat exchangers in the combined cycle loop and applying them to the challenges facing actual nuclear power systems. The various types of compact heat exchanger surfaces and designs are given thorough consideration before the author turns his attention to discussing current and projected reactor systems, and how the novel design of these compact heat e xchangers can be applied to innovative designs, operation and safety analyses to optimize thermal efficiency. The book is written at an undergraduate level, but will be useful to practicing engineers and scientists as well.
Nureg Cr
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Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Nureg Cr written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Nuclear energy categories.
Thermal And Flow Design Of Helium Cooled Reactors
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Author : Gilbert Melese
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Thermal And Flow Design Of Helium Cooled Reactors written by Gilbert Melese and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This source book provides both an overview of gas-cooled reactors and a detailed look at the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). Taking a worldwide perspective, this book reviews the early development of the HTGR and explores potential future development and applications.
Compact Heat Exchangers
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Author : Bahman Zohuri
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-28
Compact Heat Exchangers written by Bahman Zohuri and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes the fundamentals and applications of compact heat exchangers in energy generation. The text focuses on their efficiency impacts on power systems, particularly emphasizing alternative energy sources such as Concentrated Solar Power and nuclear plants. The various types of compact heat exchanger surfaces and designs are given thorough consideration before the author turns his attention to describing how these compact heat exchangers can be applied to innovative plant designs, and how to conduct operational and safety analyses to optimize thermal efficiency. The book is written at an undergraduate level, but will be useful to practicing engineers and scientists as well.
Advances In High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Fuel Technology
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-06
Advances In High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Fuel Technology written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This publication reports on the results of a coordinated research project on advances in high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) fuel technology and describes the findings of research activities on coated particle developments. These comprise two specific benchmark exercises with the application of HTGR fuel performance and fission product release codes, which helped compare the quality and validity of the computer models against experimental data. The project participants also examined techniques for fuel characterization and advanced quality assessment/quality control. The key exercise included a round-robin experimental study on the measurements of fuel kernel and particle coating properties of recent Korean, South African and US coated particle productions applying the respective qualification measures of each participating Member State. The summary report documents the results and conclusions achieved by the project and underlines the added value to contemporary knowledge on HTGR fuel.
Dynamics And Control Of Nuclear Reactors
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Author : Thomas W. Kerlin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-10-05
Dynamics And Control Of Nuclear Reactors written by Thomas W. Kerlin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Dynamics and Control of Nuclear Reactors presents the latest knowledge and research in reactor dynamics, control and instrumentation; important factors in ensuring the safe and economic operation of nuclear power plants. This book provides current and future engineers with a single resource containing all relevant information, including detailed treatments on the modeling, simulation, operational features and dynamic characteristics of pressurized light-water reactors, boiling light-water reactors, pressurized heavy-water reactors and molten-salt reactors. It also provides pertinent, but less detailed information on small modular reactors, sodium fast reactors, and gas-cooled reactors. Provides case studies and examples to demonstrate learning through problem solving, including an analysis of accidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi Includes MATLAB codes to enable the reader to apply the knowledge gained to their own projects and research Features examples and problems that illustrate the principles of dynamic analysis as well as the mathematical tools necessary to understand and apply the analysis Publishers Note: Table 3.1 has been revised and will be included in future printings of the book with the following data: Group Decay Constant, li (sec-1) Delayed Neutron Fraction (bi) 1 0.0124 0.000221 2 0.0305 0.001467 3 0.111 0.001313 4 0.301 0.002647 5 1.14 0.000771 6 3.01 0.000281 Total delayed neutron fraction: 0.0067