Heavy Fuel Oil Hfo
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Heavy Fuel Oil Hfo
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Author : Janne Fritt-Rasmussen
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2018-10-29
Heavy Fuel Oil Hfo written by Janne Fritt-Rasmussen and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Shipping activities across the Artic are expected to increase with decreasing sea ice cover, thus increasing the risk of oil spills. Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO, a mixture of residual fuel and distillate diluent) is often used as fuel in marine vessels as it is relatively cheaper than e.g. lighter marine fuels. Knowledge about fate and behaviour of HFOs is important to select the most efficient countermeasures in an oil spill situation as well as in the risk assessment of possible oil spills in cold waters. The aim of this review is to collate and strengthen the knowledge base on HFO in cold seawater, its fate and behaviour, including weathering, biodegradation, environmental implications of HFO spills and HFO spill response including environmental considerations regarding use the of chemical dispersants and in situ burning. Knowledge gaps and research needs are identified and described.
A Response To Heavy Fuel Oil Hfo Spills In Uk Waters
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Author : T. Lunel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
A Response To Heavy Fuel Oil Hfo Spills In Uk Waters written by T. Lunel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Offshore structures categories.
Opportunities To Reduce Sulphur Emissions From Heavy Fuel Oil Hfo In Canada
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Opportunities To Reduce Sulphur Emissions From Heavy Fuel Oil Hfo In Canada written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Comparative Toxicity And Bioavailability Of Heavy Fuel Oils To Fish Using Different Exposure Scenarios
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Author : Jonathan Douglas Martin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Comparative Toxicity And Bioavailability Of Heavy Fuel Oils To Fish Using Different Exposure Scenarios written by Jonathan Douglas Martin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Heavy fuel oils (HFO) are produced from the refining of crude oils, and have high specific gravities and high viscosities. In recent years, spills of HFO have increased in the environment, and are of great concern because they are difficult to clean up. Spilled HFO is likely to become submerged, and can become stranded if fresh HFO coats benthic substrates or if weathered HFO sinks as tarballs. Conversely, lighter oils float on the surface and their components disperse and become diluted in the water column. There is a research need to assess the unique ecological risks of HFO that can sink and contaminate spawning shoals of fish. Chronic toxicity of HFO to fish embryos is correlated with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that become bioavailable from spilled HFO to identify under which spill conditions fish populations are at greatest risk. The results of this research demonstrate that: (1) Stranded HFO is a significant source of PAH to the receiving environment and causes chronic toxicity to embryonic fish; (2) Tarballs and weathered HFO cause less toxicity than fresh HFO, likely a consequence of physical limitations to PAH release; (3) HFO 7102 samples collected from an HFO spill in Wabamun Lake, Alberta, are less toxic than HFO 6303; (4) HFO is at least 2-fold more toxic than Medium South American (MESA), a well-studied reference crude oil, coincident with 3-fold higher concentrations of alkyl PAH, namely alkyl phenanthrenes.
Governance Of Arctic Shipping
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Author : Aldo Chircop
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-11
Governance Of Arctic Shipping written by Aldo Chircop and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-11 with Science categories.
This open access book is a result of the Dalhousie-led research project Safe Navigation and Environment Protection, supported by a grant from the Ocean Frontier Institute’s the Canada First Research Excellent Fund (CFREF). The book focuses on Arctic shipping and investigates how ocean change and anthropogenic impacts affect our understanding of risk, policy, management and regulation for safe navigation, environment protection, conflict management between ocean uses, and protection of Indigenous peoples’ interests. A rapidly changing Arctic as a result of climate change and ice loss is rendering the North more accessible, providing new opportunities while producing impacts on the Arctic. The book explores ideas for enhanced governance of Arctic shipping through risk-based planning, marine spatial planning and scaling up shipping standards for safety, environment protection and public health.
Final Screening Assessment Petroleum Sector Stream Approach
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Final Screening Assessment Petroleum Sector Stream Approach written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Heavy oil as fuel categories.
Identification Of Compounds In Heavy Fuel Oil 7102 That Are Chronically Toxic To Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Embryos
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Author : Julie Elizabeth Adams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Identification Of Compounds In Heavy Fuel Oil 7102 That Are Chronically Toxic To Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Embryos written by Julie Elizabeth Adams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Spilled heavy fuel oil (HFO) sinks within the water column and accumulates in sediments, affecting aquatic organisms that are not typically exposed to oils that float. Previously, the 3-4 ring alkyl substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified as the major toxic components in crude oil. Since HFO is comprised of higher concentrations of 3-4 ringed alkyl PAH and an abundance of 5-6 ringed PAH relative to crude oil, it is predicted to be more toxic to the early life stages of fish. An effects-driven chemical fractionation (EDCF) of HFO 7102 was undertaken to establish the toxicity relative to crude oil, and to identify the compounds that are bioavailable and chronically toxic to the early life stages of fish. In this EDCF, the complex HFO 7102 mixture was separated by low temperature vacuum distillation into three distinct fractions, 2, 3 and 4. Each fraction was assessed using a chronic bioassay to determine whether it contained components that caused toxicity to rainbow trout embryos similar to that of the whole oil. Acute bioassays with juvenile trout demonstrated the presence of compounds that induce cytochrome P450 enzymes, an indicator of exposure to PAH. Fraction 3, the fraction more toxic than the parent mixture, was further separated by cold acetone extraction into fraction 3-1 (PAH-rich extract) and fraction 3-2 (wax residue), and assessed with the same bioassays. Simultaneous chemical analysis with bioassays guided the fractionation, and identified compounds abundant and consistently present in toxic fractions. Due to resistance to dispersion of HFO, a chemical dispersant was used with vigorous mixing to drive the maximum amount of oil into solution to minimize the potential for false negatives and the volume of test material used. The potency of HFO 7102 and its fractions were also measured using water accommodated fractions (WAFs) produced by a continuous flow system of water flowing through oil coated gravel. Both exposure methods traced the toxicity from whole oil into fractions containing higher concentrations of 3-4 ring alkyl PAH, similar to crude oil. This research is the first toxicological assessment of HFO 7102, which is essential for determining the risk of spills of HFO to fish, and whether the risk of oils can be predicted from their alkyl PAH composition.
Handbook Of Industrial Chemistry And Biotechnology
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Author : James A. Kent
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-01-13
Handbook Of Industrial Chemistry And Biotechnology written by James A. Kent and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-13 with Science categories.
Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
Heavy Oil Recovery And Upgrading
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Author : James G. Speight
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2019-02-28
Heavy Oil Recovery And Upgrading written by James G. Speight and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Heavy Oil Recovery and Upgrading covers properties, factors, methods and all current and upcoming processes, giving engineers, new and experienced, the full spectrum of recovery choices, including SAGD, horizontal well technology, and hybrid approaches. Moving on to the upgrading and refining of the product, the book also includes information on in situ upgrading, refining options, and hydrogen production. Rounding out with environmental effects, management methods on refinery waste, and the possible future configurations within the refinery, this book provides engineers with a single source to make decisions and manage the full range of challenges. Presents the properties, mechanisms, screening criteria and field applications for heavy oil enhanced recovery projects Includes current upgrading options and future methods for refining heavy oil development Fills in the gaps between literature and practical application for everyday industry reference
Operational Experience With Heavy Fuel Oil Etc Illustrated
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Author : J. A. Smith (B.Sc., A.C.G.I.M.1.Mar.E.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Operational Experience With Heavy Fuel Oil Etc Illustrated written by J. A. Smith (B.Sc., A.C.G.I.M.1.Mar.E.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with categories.