Heuristics
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Simple Heuristics In A Social World
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Author : Ralph Hertwig
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1999-09-30
Simple Heuristics In A Social World written by Ralph Hertwig and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-09-30 with Psychology categories.
Simple Heuristics in a Social World invites readers to discover the simple heuristics that people use to navigate the complexities and surprises of environments populated with others. The social world is a terrain where humans and other animals compete with conspecifics for myriad resources, including food, mates, and status, and where rivals grant the decision maker little time for deep thought, protracted information search, or complex calculations. Yet, the social world also encompasses domains where social animals such as humans can learn from one another and can forge alliances with one another to boost their chances of success. According to the book's thesis, the undeniable complexity of the social world does not dictate cognitive complexity as many scholars of rationality argue. Rather, it entails circumstances that render optimization impossible or computationally arduous: intractability, the existence of incommensurable considerations, and competing goals. With optimization beyond reach, less can be more. That is, heuristics--simple strategies for making decisions when time is pressing and careful deliberation an unaffordable luxury--become indispensible mental tools. As accurate as or even more accurate than complex methods when used in the appropriate social environments, these heuristics are good descriptive models of how people make many decisions and inferences, but their impressive performance also poses a normative challenge for optimization models. In short, the Homo socialis may prove to be a Homo heuristicus whose intelligence reflects ecological rather than logical rationality.
Machine Learning Of Heuristics
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Author : Donald Arthur Waterman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Machine Learning Of Heuristics written by Donald Arthur Waterman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Artificial intelligence categories.
First, a method of representing heuristics as production rules is developed which facilitates dynamic manipulation of the heuristics by the program embodying them. This representation technique permits separation of the heuristics from the program proper, provides clear identification of individual heuristics, is compatible with generalization schemes, and expedites the process of obtaining decisions from the system. Second, procedures are developed which permit a problem-solving program employing heuristics in production rule form to learn to improve its performance by evaluating and modifying existing heuristics and hypothesizing new ones, either during a special training process or during normal program operation. Third, the abovementioned representation and learning techniques are reformulated in the light of existing stimulus-response theories of learning, and five different S-R models of human heuristic learning in problem-solving environments are constructed and examined in detail. Experimental designs for testing these information processing models are also proposed and discussed. Finally, the feasibility of using the aforementioned representation and learning techniques in a complex problem-solving situation is demonstrated by applying these techniques to the problem of making the bet decision in draw poker. This application, involving the construction of a computer program, demonstrates that few production rules or training trials are needed to produce a thorough and effective set of heuristics for draw poker. (Author).
Judgment Under Uncertainty
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Author : Amos Tversky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Judgment Under Uncertainty written by Amos Tversky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Judgment categories.
Methods Of Heuristics
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Author : R. Groner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-07-10
Methods Of Heuristics written by R. Groner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-10 with Psychology categories.
This volume constitutes the edited proceedings of an interdisciplinary symposium on Methods of Heuristics, which was held at the University of Bern, Switzerland, from September 15 to 19, 1980. In organizing the symposium, the editors of the present volume were able to invite specialists from psychology, computer science, and mathematics. From their own perspective they made contributions to the central questions of the conference: What are heuristics, the methods and rules guiding discovery and problem solving in a variety of different fields? How did they develop in individual human beings and in the history of science? Is it possible to arrive at a commonly accepted definition of heuristics as the field unifying all these efforts, and, if yes, what are its basic characteristics?
How To Solve It Modern Heuristics
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Author : Zbigniew Michalewicz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
How To Solve It Modern Heuristics written by Zbigniew Michalewicz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Computers categories.
No pleasure lasts long unless there is variety in it. Publilius Syrus, Moral Sayings We've been very fortunate to receive fantastic feedback from our readers during the last four years, since the first edition of How to Solve It: Modern Heuristics was published in 1999. It's heartening to know that so many people appreciated the book and, even more importantly, were using the book to help them solve their problems. One professor, who published a review of the book, said that his students had given the best course reviews he'd seen in 15 years when using our text. There can be hardly any better praise, except to add that one of the book reviews published in a SIAM journal received the best review award as well. We greatly appreciate your kind words and personal comments that you sent, including the few cases where you found some typographical or other errors. Thank you all for this wonderful support.
Applications Of Heuristics And Biases To Social Issues
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Author : Linda Heath
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Applications Of Heuristics And Biases To Social Issues written by Linda Heath and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Psychology categories.
This volume presents the latest research on applying heuristics and biases to the areas of health, law, education, and organizations. Authors adopt a cross-disciplinary approach to study various theories.
Design Of Modern Heuristics
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Author : Franz Rothlauf
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-07-17
Design Of Modern Heuristics written by Franz Rothlauf and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-17 with Computers categories.
Most textbooks on modern heuristics provide the reader with detailed descriptions of the functionality of single examples like genetic algorithms, genetic programming, tabu search, simulated annealing, and others, but fail to teach the underlying concepts behind these different approaches. The author takes a different approach in this textbook by focusing on the users' needs and answering three fundamental questions: First, he tells us which problems modern heuristics are expected to perform well on, and which should be left to traditional optimization methods. Second, he teaches us to systematically design the "right" modern heuristic for a particular problem by providing a coherent view on design elements and working principles. Third, he shows how we can make use of problem-specific knowledge for the design of efficient and effective modern heuristics that solve not only small toy problems but also perform well on large real-world problems. This book is written in an easy-to-read style and it is aimed at students and practitioners in computer science, operations research and information systems who want to understand modern heuristics and are interested in a guide to their systematic design and use. This book is written in an easy-to-read style and it is aimed at students and practitioners in computer science, operations research and information systems who want to understand modern heuristics and are interested in a guide to their systematic design and use. This book is written in an easy-to-read style and it is aimed at students and practitioners in computer science, operations research and information systems who want to understand modern heuristics and are interested in a guide to their systematic design and use.
Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart
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Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-10-12
Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart written by Gerd Gigerenzer and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-12 with Psychology categories.
Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart invites readers to embark on a new journey into a land of rationality that differs from the familiar territory of cognitive science and economics. Traditional views of rationality tend to see decision makers as possessing superhuman powers of reason, limitless knowledge, and all of eternity in which to ponder choices. To understand decisions in the real world, we need a different, more psychologically plausible notion of rationality, and this book provides it. It is about fast and frugal heuristics--simple rules for making decisions when time is pressing and deep thought an unaffordable luxury. These heuristics can enable both living organisms and artificial systems to make smart choices, classifications, and predictions by employing bounded rationality. But when and how can such fast and frugal heuristics work? Can judgments based simply on one good reason be as accurate as those based on many reasons? Could less knowledge even lead to systematically better predictions than more knowledge? Simple Heuristics explores these questions, developing computational models of heuristics and testing them through experiments and analyses. It shows how fast and frugal heuristics can produce adaptive decisions in situations as varied as choosing a mate, dividing resources among offspring, predicting high school drop out rates, and playing the stock market. As an interdisciplinary work that is both useful and engaging, this book will appeal to a wide audience. It is ideal for researchers in cognitive psychology, evolutionary psychology, and cognitive science, as well as in economics and artificial intelligence. It will also inspire anyone interested in simply making good decisions.
Heuristics A Source Of Judgement Fallacies Or Decision Making Aids
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Author : Jon Michael Jachimowicz
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-01-07
Heuristics A Source Of Judgement Fallacies Or Decision Making Aids written by Jon Michael Jachimowicz and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-07 with Psychology categories.
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Psychology - Methods, grade: 20, University of St Andrews, course: Behavioural Economics, language: English, abstract: This review essay explores different perspectives and conceptualizations of the study of heuristics, decision-making rules which operate under constrained time and computation (Kahneman, 2011). Two opposed models of heuristics that assume conditions of bounded rationality, the heuristics-and-biases and the fastand- frugal framework, are assessed. Whereas the former evaluates heuristics in terms of logical rationality and postulates that humans exhibit predictable fallacies in judgement, the latter focuses on ecological validity, and suggests that humans possess an adaptive toolbox of evolutionary developed decision-making rules which enable better decision making. Finally, alternative explanations and limitations of existing research programs will be explored, concluding with a demand for a rigorous evaluation of experimental designs as well as outlining conditions for a possible synthesis.
Transforming Learning And Teaching
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-11-29
Transforming Learning And Teaching written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-29 with Education categories.
This book consists of 19 chapters on heuristics – reflexive tools, designed to heighten awareness of actions and catalyze desired changes. Thirty-three heuristics address six foci: teaching and learning, learning to teach, emotions, wellness, contemplative activities, and harmony.