High Energy Milled Ex Situ Mgb2 For Tapes And Wires
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High Energy Milled Ex Situ Mgb2 For Tapes And Wires
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Author : Anna Kario
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2011-05-02
High Energy Milled Ex Situ Mgb2 For Tapes And Wires written by Anna Kario and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
1. The optimum solution for the difficulties during conductor deformation was to use the ex situ precursor powder which is not sensitive to heat treatments in the range of temperatures needed for the working stress release of the sheath metal. Two different ex situ powders are studied: homemade ex situ (based on mechanically alloyed in situ powder) and commercial powder with reduced crystallite size achieved by high energy ball milling. 2. As the first approach, ex situ powder is prepared using mechanical alloying. A detailed phase analysis shown secondary phases, such as MgO and MgB4+x. A high critical current density for unsintered tapes and wires was obtained. It is observed that non of the applied final heat treatments of the conductors improve their superconducting properties. It is assumed that, heat treatments influence the crystallite size which is explained by MgO at the grain boundaries blocking grain growth. Additional milling or chemical treatment of the powder to clean the grains is needed to accomplish a smaller particle size. However, if medium Jc values are sufficient, the MA in-ex situ powder is an interesting precursor powder for conductors needed for the react & wind method of superconducting coil preparation, because the final heat treatment of a such a conductor is not needed. 3. As the second approach, commercially available ex situ powder was milled to reduce grain size. The average crystallite size of the powder is reduced by ball milling drastically from 47 nm to 15 nm, however, this powder is highly reactive. Powders after 2 h or longer milling times exposed to air react rapidly with oxygen and create up to 40 wt% of secondary phases, like MgB4+x and MgO. This reaction can be avoided by using exclusively a protective atmosphere for the sample preparation. Ex situ MgB2 stability examination via the decomposition behaviour. 4. The decomposition of MgB2 to Mg and higher borides at high annealing temperatures is observed in bulks and conductors. The temperature of the MgB2 decomposition decreases with increasing milling time. Unfortunately, the decomposition takes place at temperatures which are in the same range as the temperature needed for ex situ sintering. With increasing milling time, the crystallite size decreases and more powder is decomposed. It was found that an increased grain connection due to the milling and a decreased crystallite size play a larger role in increasing Jc than secondary phases. The milling process creates fresh reaction surfaces without a MgO layer for an improved grain connectivity. 5. The high reactivity of the powder caused by the high energy ball milling might be reduced by carbon addition. Carbon is successfully introduced into the lattice, as proved by a change in the lattice parameter, a decrease of Tc, an increase of the upper critical field and a change of the Jc dependence on applied field. The carbon substitution in the lattice is accomplished via high energy ball milling. 6. The best Jc results ( Jc=104 A/cm2 at 12.4 T) are obtained for the tape with the 20 h milled powder with 5 wt% of carbon addition. The precursor powder is well deformable: the 2 m long conductor was prepared using a combination of swaging, drawing and rolling with the help of intermediate heat treatments. Such additional heat treatments do not influence the precursor powder. Furthermore the carbon addition to the tape precursor increases the decomposition temperature of the powder, decreases its reactivity and improves the Jc(H) dependence of the tape in comparison to the tape with undoped precursor. The tapes prepared from that powder do not show a Jc anisotropy in respect to the field direction. The ex situ powder was used as superconducting diffusion barrier for copper sheathed conductors to prevent reaction between filament and sheath. 7. In addition, ex situ powder is used as a chemical barrier in Glidcop® in situ wires, substituting Nb or Ti which are commonly used. It is proved that the wire deformation by drawing with the powder barrier is possible. The effectiveness of the barrier in preventing a reaction between the Glidcop® sheath and the in situ MgB2 in wires heat treated both under ambient pressure and under high gas pressure was studied. It is found that this barrier is effective in preventing diffusion between Mg and Cu in the sheath only in the case of high pressure sintering. This novel technique allows to get relatively high values of the engineering critical current density Je (Je=104 A/cm2 at 5.3 T) because a high superconductor filling factor of 50% can be achieved. This is usually very challenging in powder-in-tube composite conductors with a diffusion barrier. Homepage IFW Dresden
Comprehensive Energy Systems
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Author : Ibrahim Dincer
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-02-07
Comprehensive Energy Systems written by Ibrahim Dincer and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-07 with Science categories.
Comprehensive Energy Systems, Seven Volume Set provides a unified source of information covering the entire spectrum of energy, one of the most significant issues humanity has to face. This comprehensive book describes traditional and novel energy systems, from single generation to multi-generation, also covering theory and applications. In addition, it also presents high-level coverage on energy policies, strategies, environmental impacts and sustainable development. No other published work covers such breadth of topics in similar depth. High-level sections include Energy Fundamentals, Energy Materials, Energy Production, Energy Conversion, and Energy Management. Offers the most comprehensive resource available on the topic of energy systems Presents an authoritative resource authored and edited by leading experts in the field Consolidates information currently scattered in publications from different research fields (engineering as well as physics, chemistry, environmental sciences and economics), thus ensuring a common standard and language
Mgb2 Superconducting Wires Basics And Applications
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Author : Rene Flukiger
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2016-08-10
Mgb2 Superconducting Wires Basics And Applications written by Rene Flukiger and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The compendium gives a complete overview of the properties of MgB2 (Magnesium Diboride), a superconducting compound with a transition temperature of Tc = 39K, from the fundamental properties to the fabrication of multifilamentary wires and to the presentation of various applications. Written by eminent researchers in the field, this indispensable volume not only discusses superconducting properties of MgB2 compounds, but also describes known preparation methods of thin films and of bulk samples obtained under high pressure methods.A unique selling point of the book is the detailed coverage of various applications based on MgB2, starting with MRI magnets and high current cables, cooled by Helium (He) vapor. High current cables cooled by liquid hydrogen are also highlighted as an interesting alternative due to the shrinking He reserves on earth. Other pertinent subjects comprise permanent magnets, ultrafine wires for space applications and wind generator projects.
Vortices And Nanostructured Superconductors
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Author : Adrian Crisan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-07-19
Vortices And Nanostructured Superconductors written by Adrian Crisan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides expert coverage of modern and novel aspects of the study of vortex matter, dynamics, and pinning in nanostructured and multi-component superconductors. Vortex matter in superconducting materials is a field of enormous beauty and intellectual challenge, which began with the theoretical prediction of vortices by A. Abrikosov (Nobel Laureate). Vortices, vortex dynamics, and pinning are key features in many of today’s human endeavors: from the huge superconducting accelerating magnets and detectors at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, which opened new windows of knowledge on the universe, to the tiny superconducting transceivers using Rapid Single Flux Quanta, which have opened a revolutionary means of communication. In recent years, two new features have added to the intrinsic beauty and complexity of the subject: nanostructured/nanoengineered superconductors, and the discovery of a range of new materials showing multi-component (multi-gap) superconductivity. In this book, leading researchers survey the most exciting and important recent developments in the field. Topics covered include: the use of scanning Hall probe microscopy to visualize interactions of a single vortex with pinning centers; Magneto-Optical Imaging for investigating what vortex avalanches are, why they appear, and how they can be controlled; and the vortex interactions responsible for the second magnetization peak. Other chapters discuss nanoengineered pinning centers of vortices for improved current-carrying capabilities, current anisotropy in cryomagnetic devices in relation to the pinning landscape, and the new physics associated with the discovery of new superconducting materials with multi-component superconductivity. The book offers something for almost everybody interested in the field: from experimental techniques to visualize vortices and study their dynamics, to a state-of-the-art theoretical microscopic approach to multicomponent superconductivity.
Superconductors
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Author : Alexander Gabovich
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2015-08-24
Superconductors written by Alexander Gabovich and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The chapters included in the book describe recent developments in the field of superconductivity. The book deals with both the experiment and the theory. Superconducting and normal-state properties are studied by various methods. The authors presented investigations of traditional and new materials. In particular, studies of oxides, pnictides, chalcogenides and intermetallic compounds are included. The superconducting order parameter symmetry is discussed and consequences of its actual non-conventional symmetry are studied. Impurity and tunneling effects (both quasiparticle and Josephson ones) are among topics covered in the chapters. Special attention is paid to the competition between superconductivity and other instabilities, which lead to the Fermi surface gapping.
Issues In Electronics Research And Application 2013 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2013-05-01
Issues In Electronics Research And Application 2013 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Issues in Electronics Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Radar and Sonar Research. The editors have built Issues in Electronics Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Radar and Sonar Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Electronics Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Physical Properties Of High Temperature Superconductors
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Author : Rainer Wesche
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-05-13
Physical Properties Of High Temperature Superconductors written by Rainer Wesche and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A much-needed update on complex high-temperaturesuperconductors, focusing on materials aspects; this timely bookcoincides with a recent major break-through of the discovery ofiron-based superconductors. It provides an overview of materials aspects of high-temperaturesuperconductors, combining introductory aspects, description of newphysics, material aspects, and a description of the materialproperties This title is suitable for researchers inmaterials science, physics and engineering. Also for techniciansinterested in the applications of superconductors, e.g. asbiomagnets
Fundamental Elements Of Applied Superconductivity In Electrical Engineering
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Author : Yinshun Wang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Fundamental Elements Of Applied Superconductivity In Electrical Engineering written by Yinshun Wang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Superconducting technology is potentially important as one of the future smart grid technologies. It is a combination of superconductor materials, electrical engineering, cryogenic insulation, cryogenics and cryostats. There has been no specific book fully describing this branch of science and technology in electrical engineering. However, this book includes these areas, and is essential for those majoring in applied superconductivity in electrical engineering. Recently, superconducting technology has made great progress. Many universities and companies are involved in applied superconductivity with the support of government. Over the next five years, departments of electrical engineering in universities and companies will become more involved in this area. This book: • will enable people to directly carry out research on applied superconductivity in electrical engineering • is more comprehensive and practical when compared to other advances • presents a clear introduction to the application of superconductor in electrical engineering and related fundamental technologies • arms readers with the technological aspects of superconductivity required to produce a machine • covers power supplying technologies in superconducting electric apparatus • is well organized and adaptable for students, lecturers, researchers and engineers • lecture slides suitable for lecturers available on the Wiley Companion Website Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering is ideal for academic researchers, graduates and undergraduate students in electrical engineering. It is also an excellent reference work for superconducting device researchers and engineers.
Handbook Of Superconductivity
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Author : David A. Cardwell
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-07-05
Handbook Of Superconductivity written by David A. Cardwell and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-05 with Science categories.
This is the second of three volumes of the extensively revised and updated second edition of the Handbook of Superconductivity. The past twenty years have seen rapid progress in superconducting materials, which exhibit one of the most remarkable physical states of matter ever to be discovered. Superconductivity brings quantum mechanics to the scale of the everyday world where a single, coherent quantum state may extend over a distance of metres, or even kilometres, depending on the size of a coil or length of superconducting wire. Viable applications of superconductors rely fundamentally on an understanding of this intriguing phenomena and the availability of a range of materials with bespoke properties to meet practical needs. While the first volume covers the fundamentals of superconductivity and the various classes of superconducting materials, Volume 2 covers processing of the desired superconducting materials into desired forms: bulks, films, wires and junction-based devices. The volume closes with articles on the refrigeration methods needed to put the materials into the superconducting state. Key Features: Covers the depth and breadth of the field Includes contributions from leading academics and industry professionals across the world Provides hands-on guidance to the manufacturing and processing technologies A comprehensive reference, the handbook is suitable for both graduate students and practitioners in experimental physics, materials science, and multiple engineering disciplines, including electronic and electrical, chemical, mechanical, metallurgy and others.
Applied Superconductivity
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Author : Paul Seidel
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-03-23
Applied Superconductivity written by Paul Seidel and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This wide-ranging presentation of applied superconductivity, from fundamentals and materials right up to the details of many applications, is an essential reference for physicists and engineers in academic research as well as in industry. Readers looking for a comprehensive overview on basic effects related to superconductivity and superconducting materials will expand their knowledge and understanding of both low and high Tc superconductors with respect to their application. Technology, preparation and characterization are covered for bulk, single crystals, thins fi lms as well as electronic devices, wires and tapes. The main benefit of this work lies in its broad coverage of significant applications in magnets, power engineering, electronics, sensors and quantum metrology. The reader will find information on superconducting magnets for diverse applications like particle physics, fusion research, medicine, and biomagnetism as well as materials processing. SQUIDs and their usage in medicine or geophysics are thoroughly covered, as are superconducting radiation and particle detectors, aspects on superconductor digital electronics, leading readers to quantum computing and new devices.
