High Shear And Pressure Activated Sludge Treatment
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High Shear And Pressure Activated Sludge Treatment
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Author : Charles William Coddington
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
High Shear And Pressure Activated Sludge Treatment written by Charles William Coddington and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Sewage disposal categories.
Since the development of the activated sludge process in 1913 many attempts have been made to improve it. One approach has been to increase the oxygen available to the bio-mass. This study combined the use of elevated pressure and high-shear mixing to increase the oxygen transfer. The conventional method of separating activated sludge has been flocculation followed by sedimentation. High-shear mixing breaks up the bio-mass thus hindering flocculation. Flotation, a method of solid-liquid separation used in industrial processes, could utilize the dissolved air released when the elevated pressure is released. A laboratory-scale, activated sludge treatment unit was operated at various combinations of pressure and mixing. The solid-liquid separation characteristics of the mixed liquor were studied. Separation by settling was investigated when the unit was operated at atmospheric pressure and separation by flotation was investigated when the unit was operated at an elevated pressure of 30 psig. It was concluded from these tests that: (1) the effluent provided by sedimentation and flotation following medium and high-shear mixing is not adequate for discharge to most water-courses. (2) Flotation does not yield as clear an effluent as sedimentation. (3) Suspended solids removal by flotation requires a shorter detention time than by sedimentation. (4) Flotation yields a denser sludge than sedimentation. (5) In the flotation process no advantage was found by using a pressure release of more than 20 psi.
The Effect Of Elevated Pressure And High Shear On Oxygen Uptake Rates In Activated Sludge
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Author : Leale E. Streebin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
The Effect Of Elevated Pressure And High Shear On Oxygen Uptake Rates In Activated Sludge written by Leale E. Streebin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Sewage categories.
The purification capacity of an activated sludge process is highly dependent of the rate of oxygen transfer from the air to the microorganisms. This rate can be increased in an air diffusion system by subjecting the culture to high shear and high pressure. A study of the effects of high pressure and high shear on the reaction rates in an activated sludge system is presented in this thesis. These effects were determined by varying the pressure and shear levels while keeping the other parameters constant. The following tests were performed to compare the results obtained at the different operating conditions : 1. Oxygen uptake rates. 2. Biological growth rates. 3. Type of biota present. 4. BOD and COD removal efficiencies. The conclusions drawn from these test results are as follows: 1. Under the conditions of this experiment high shear and high pressure had no effect on the purification capacity of the system, 2. For this study the growth rates could not be used as a comparison because of the erratic results caused by the build up of a sludge ring around the top of the mixed-liquor. 3. The type of biota present in the mixed-liquor was about the same under all operating conditions. The most significant change was the decrease in the size of the bacterial masses and an increase in the number of individual bacteria with an increase in the shear level.
The Effect Of Elevated Pressure On The Activated Sludge Process
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Author : Patrick James Godsil
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963
The Effect Of Elevated Pressure On The Activated Sludge Process written by Patrick James Godsil and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with Sewage categories.
A study of the effect of elevated pressure on the activated sludge waste treatment process is presented. The method of study involved a comparison of two laboratory, batch type, activated sludge units. One unit was operated at atmospheric pressure as a base control and the other operated at elevated pressures up to 60 psig. All other controllable parameters were kept constant. The units were compared on the basis of: 1. The type of biological growth present in the mixed liquor, 2. The mass growth rates of the biological organisms. 3. The removals of chemical oxidation demand. 4. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the mixed liquor. 5. The pH of the mixed liquor. Results of this study showed that: 1. Elevated pressure of 60 psig does not affect the type of biological growth present in the mixed liquor, but it does hinder the formation of long-chain filamentous growths. 2. The sampling methods used for determining the growth rates were not adequate and provided no basis for comparison. 3. Under the conditions of this study, elevated pressures have no effect on the removal of chemical oxygen demand in the activated sludge process. 4. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the mixed liquor increases with the pressure, but, under the conditions of this study, not in a direct relationship. 5. Elevated pressure of 60 psig does not adversely affect the pH of the mixed liquor. This study is one phase of an investigation to determine the feasibility of increasing the reaction rates of the activated sludge process by subjecting the process to both high pressure and high shear mixing.
The Membrane Coupled Activated Sludge Process In Municipal Wastewater Treatment
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Author : Berthold Guender
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-11-27
The Membrane Coupled Activated Sludge Process In Municipal Wastewater Treatment written by Berthold Guender and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book represents a milestone. It is the first overall presentation that summarizes the membrane-coupled activated sludge process (MCASP) in its entirety. The volume offers a thorough survey of current know-how, an explanation of the operational MCASP in municipal plants with full-scale membrane modules, and a description of its advantages and disadvantages. A new approach for calculating excess sludge production and oxygen consumption for the oxidation of carbon compounds is discussed. This approach details correct values for various wastewater streams-from very small to very high sludge loads. Derived values are then related to regulatory criteria and process design alternatives. This book also addresses the relationships between the alpha factor and the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), as well as engineering issues such as: membrane performance, energy requirements, and the removal performance of membrane systems. The findings in The Membrane Coupled Activated Sludge Process in Municipal Wastewater Treatment support the practical applicability of the MCASP to smaller wastewater operations ranging from modest-sized municipal treatment plants to facilities serving only one structure. In addition, the MCASP process is shown to be applicable in water reuse operations. The Membrane Coupled Activated Sludge Process in Municipal Wastewater Treatment demonstrates that sewage treatment problems for various types of waste streams-from rural to suburban-can be solved with MCASP. All the required design and operational data for implementing this technology in wastewater treatment can be found in this book.
Activated Sludge
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Author : Wesley Eckenfelder
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1998-03-11
Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-03-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the past, industrial wastewater treatment primarily focused on the removal of BOD and suspended solids. In recent years, however, the focus has changed to aquatic toxicity, priority pollutants, and volatile organics. This required changes in how we design and operate biological treatment plants. Many existing plants must be retrofitted. New approaches to meet new requirements are discussed in detail. The authors, with a combined experience of sixty years, have presented case studies for a wide variety of industrial wastewaters including pulp and paper, food processing, chemical and pharmaceuticals, and textile wastewaters. Data interpretation and process design are developed through the use of seventeen examples. Procedures for the laboratory and pilot plant generation of process design data are presented. Emphasis is placed on meeting the many new regulations governing industrial wastewater discharges.
Optimization And Design Of An Oil Activated Sludge Concentration Process
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Author : T. M. Rosenblatt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Optimization And Design Of An Oil Activated Sludge Concentration Process written by T. M. Rosenblatt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Sewage categories.
The Use Of High Purity Oxygen In The Activated Sludge Process
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Author : J. R. McWhirter
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-07-30
The Use Of High Purity Oxygen In The Activated Sludge Process written by J. R. McWhirter and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
First published in 1978: The purpose of this two-volume series is to present a consolidated and comprehensive reference on oxygen-activated sludge technology.
Handbook Biological Waste Water Treatment Design And Optimisation Of Activated Sludge Systems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Webshop Wastewater Handbook
Release Date : 2007
Handbook Biological Waste Water Treatment Design And Optimisation Of Activated Sludge Systems written by and has been published by Webshop Wastewater Handbook this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Sewage categories.
Since its conception almost a century ago, the activated sludge system has emerged as the dominant waste water treatment technology, with tens of thousands of implementations worldwide. The pivotal role played by the activated sludge system was originally due to its high efficiency in COD- and suspended solids removal, while more recently new processes for the removal of the macro-nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus have easily been accommodated.
Activated Sludge
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Author : Wesley Eckenfelder
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1998-08-04
Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Contents: Process Theory Kinetics and Sludge Quality Control: Activated Sludge Process - Process Theory - Activated Sludge Separation Problems - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Municipal Wastewater U.S.A. Practice: General Approach - Clarifier Design - Aeration Tank (Reactor) Design - Appurtenance Design - Configurations - ReferencesEurope
Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts On Energy Economy And Environment
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Author : Juan M. Lema
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2017-06-15
Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts On Energy Economy And Environment written by Juan M. Lema and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-15 with Science categories.
This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.